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Hydrogen the Element and Its Importance for Steelmaking and the Dawn of a Sustainable Future

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Hydrogen the Element and Its Importance for Steelmaking and the Dawn of a Sustainable Future THE SALZGITTER AG MAGAZINE Hydrogen The element and its importance for steelmaking and the dawn of a sustainable future SALZGITTER-AG.COM STIL 1 Do you see the huge difference? We do. For the environment. 2019 2050 Reducing carbon emissions in steelmaking by up to 95 percent? We’re prepared. Our product will always be premium quality steel. But in future you can expect one truly significant difference: Following the SALCOS® project we are the world’s first steel company to have developed a detailed, directly implementable, flexible production process that can stepwise reduce CO2 emissions in steel production by up to 95 percent. SALCOS® technically enables us to produce low CO 2 steel based on hydrogen from 2025 onwards. However, the swift industrial implementation of this innovative technology requires a suitable political and economic framework. We’re prepared. Are you? You can find out more about the SALCOS® project at salcos.salzgitter-ag.com Bernhard Kleinermann Head of Corporate Communications Welcome to our special edition! It is often the little things that have the Cover: iStock© smirkdingo; Photos: Carsten Brand, Gunnar Garms Brand, smirkdingo;Cover: iStock© Carsten Photos: ability to change the world. Hydrogen, EU Commissioner Günther Oettinger (2nd from left) was keen to learn more about the the smallest of all the elements, is one of SALCOS project Page 10 these: It is thanks to H2 that Saturn rockets were launched from Cape Canaveral, and today it is powering local STIL Cover story passenger trains in Germany. 4 THE H OPE FOR THE FUTURE The importance of Hydrogen has significant future po- 2 hydrogen for the steel industry tential in the field of mobility, and could well play an important role in industry 6 SMALL ELEMENT, GREAT HOPES as well. At our steelworks in Salzgitter, How the potential of hydrogen can be used for example, where in the near future it will help us to produce steel with 10 INTO THE FUTURE WITH HYDROGEN Salzgitter AG is less CO2. pioneering low-CO2 steel production The following pages will explain how this is possible thanks to our SALCOS® 15 THE FUTURE, MADE BY “MANNESMANN H2READY” concept, as well as outlining the pio- H2 products from Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe neering projects that have already been 16 BETTER STEEL THANKS TO HYDROGEN The annealing initiated by the Salzgitter Group, and shop and hot dip galvanizing lines at Salzgitter Flachstahl how we are already using hydrogen now. GrInHy 2.0: generating hydrogen through high-temperature 18 ON LAND, ON WATER AND IN THE AIR On the way We hope you enjoy reading our electrolysis Page 12 towards climate-neutral mobility with hydrogen magazine! Cordially, Imprint PUBLISHED BY READER SERVICE TRANSLATIONS Salzgitter AG, Michaela Kruffke, Baker & Company Eisenhüttenstr. 99, 38239 Salzgitter Telephone: 0 53 41 / 21-57 01 Bergsonstraße 65 Telephone: 05341 / 21-01 E-Mail: [email protected] 81245 München www.salzgitter-ag.com REALIZATION PRINTED BY RESPONSIBILITY LIES WITH Schau Verlag GmbH, NEEF + STUMME GmbH & Co. Bernhard Kleinermann Hochallee 77, 20149 Hamburg KG (Head of Corporate Telephone: 040 / 32 87 27-0 Schillerstraße 2, 29378 Wittingen Communications) [email protected] www.neef-stumme.de COORDINATION Olaf Reinecke STIL 3 The 2H ope for the future Mastering the future with wind and hydrogen Water and wind are becoming increasingly important resources, as hydrogen derived from renewable energy sources can enable sustainable industrial production – and low-CO2 steelmaking. Professor Heinz Jörg Fuhrmann, Salzgitter AG Executive Board Chairman, is confident: “In future, hydrogen will be of major importance for mobility, energy generation and storage and many other industrial processes.” Salzgitter AG has developed solutions and launched projects that are exemplary for the sector. 4 STIL Photo: adobestock© Michael adobestock© Halberg Photo: STIL 5 And then it went boom! The detonating gas experiment at school Photo: Infrequent_Flyer / Alamy Stock Photo Stock / Alamy Infrequent_Flyer Photo: Small element, great hopes Hydrogen is regarded as the key to sustainable energy management. Researchers and industrial companies are working intensively to develop the potential of this element and render it usable ydrogen? For many of us, the very word brings back memories of the loudest moment in our school days – Hydrogen stands at No. 1 in the periodic the detonating gas experiment in the table. It is also the element with the lowest Hchemistry lab. And what did we as students learn atomic mass (1.00784 u) from that? We learned that a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in the right proportions can be highly explosive, and the product of that explosion is water! That‘s enough to set students dreaming: What if we filled our tanks with hydrogen, mixed it with oxygen and used it to power a combustion engine or a furnace – and the product emitted through the chimney or exhaust pipe were water? But it is not quite that simple: The element may be the commonest in the universe and available everywhere, given that it is contained in most organic compounds, and especially water. But it cannot be 1 plucked from trees, nor dug from the ground, for hydro- gen is virtually never to be found in its pure form. It 6 STIL 11,300 m3 That was the amount of hydrogen that filled the first Zeppelin Z1 must be unlocked from chemical compounds. Hydrogen molecules are comprised of two atoms, hence the spelling “H2” (hydrogenium, Greek, meaning “producer of water”). The molecules are extremely light and penetrate through many materials – in extreme cases even steel. For this reason, even the earth’s atmosphere cannot stop hydrogen from steadily escaping into space. Geologists believe that since its creation, the earth has already lost a quarter of its sea water in this way. This is due to the fact that bacteria and solar radiation are permanently splitting water into its component parts, oxygen and hydrogen, 74 and releasing the colorless and odorless gas. How hydrogen is captured There are various processes that can be applied if we wish to harness hydrogen. The commonest methods are firstly electrolysis, in which electricity is used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen, and secondly reformation, in which the H element is released from hydrocarbon 2 compounds with the aid of heat. Nowa- days, the process is mainly applied to The number of hydrogen natural gas, but gasoline, methanol, biogas and filling stations currently in –259 °C biomass can also yield hydrogen. While other Germany (as of September 5, The very low temperature at methods are being trialed or researched, they are 2019) which hydrogen liquefies (by not yet ready for practical use. For example, some comparison, oxygen liquefies universities are working on solar cells which at –183 °C) employ solar radiation to split water – in emula- tion of the technical processes in the atmosphere. 96.5% of the earth’s hydrogen is contained in sea water STIL 7 Photos: shutterstock, falticon Photos: 160balloons, that’s how many could beMio. filled with the hydrogen currently consumed each month at the Salzgitter steelworks. That would be 62 balloons per second Consequently, some refined thanks to its very high technologies are required to obtain calorific value. It makes a supply of hydrogen. The element sense to produce the itself is regarded as a great hope 1Liter hydrogen on location, for our future energy sector, in where it is needed, as 1766 which the hydrogen model is seen Salzgitter Flachstahl Hydrogen was discovered to be as a highly promising blueprint for GmbH plans to do at its a combustible gas a modern, sustainable industry. steelworks. With no There are two reasons for this. On transport required, a the one hand, hydrogen is unprob- greater share of the lematic as a fuel, and on the other, energy employed is 1784 The element was given its name it is a superb source of energy. retained, while more Hydrogen is regarded as effective electrolysis also unproblematic due to its – at least improves the energy theoretically – high availability efficiency. Salzgitter AG and its environmental sustainabili- is testing this approach together ty. When combusted, apart from a with its partners in the GrInHy2.0 non-critical quantity of oxides of 70.8 g project (see Page 10). nitrogen, it emits no environmen- Projects like this demonstrate tally hazardous exhaust; only that with a large number of water. This is why Salzgitter AG technical solutions being trialed as a pioneer - meanwhile followed and some prominent partners by other steel producers - is that is how much a liter intensively engaged in generating looking at hydrogen to replace of hydrogen weighs, and using this element, hydrogen carbon in the production of pig barely 7% of the weight is a source of great hope for a iron in order to significantly of air. A cubic meter of climate neutral energy sector and liquid hydrogen weighs reduce CO2 emissions (more on only 70 kg – just a little industrial processes – and this from Page 10 onwards). heavier than styrofoam therefore also for sustainable steel The element is well suited production. 8 STIL 3 kg H 2 The amount of hydrogen that every 0.03% second escapes from Hydrogen as a share of the earth’s mass the earth’s atmos- phere into space – equivalent to more than 42 liters 93% 93% The propor- tion of all the atoms in the solar system; and 75% Hydrogen is the most frequently the proportion of occurring chemical element in the the system’s total entire universe mass accounted for by hydrogen STIL 9 The planned location of the seven turbines of Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH with a total output of 30 MW. Three are to be erected directly on the site of the steelworks, four just outside.
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