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Cultural Intimacy in an Age of Terrorism
October 2011 – vol 27 – no 5 A darker shade of pale: Cultural every two months print ISSN 0268-540X online ISSN 1467-8322 intimacy in an age of terrorism available online at www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/anth anthropologyat Guest Editorial by Thomas Hylland Eriksen today Aleksandar Bošković 1 NARRATIVE Oslo, 5 August 2011: It was a grim and rainy day as I made my Ratko Mladić: Relativism, myth and Alberto Corsín Jiménez and way to the harbour to catch the local ferry to Nesodden, a com- reality munity which had lost two of its brightest stars – Bano Rashid, Adolfo Estalella 19 18, and Diderik Aamodt Olsen, 19 – in the terrorist attack of Julie McBrien 3 #spanishrevolution 22 July, in which right-wing extremist Anders Behring Breivik Leaving for work, leaving in fear Lucia Volk 24 detonated a bomb in Oslo, killing eight people, and shot dead Michał Murawski 5 R.I.P. Paul the Octopus 69 more at a Young Labour (AUF) summer camp on the small Inappropriate object: Warsaw and the island of Utøya. On this Friday alone, more than 30 memorial COMMENT Stalin-era Palace of Culture after the services for Utøya victims were taking place across the country, and I had been asked to speak at Diderik’s service. I had met Smolensk disaster Janet Marstine, Elizabeth Greenspan, Michael Pickering, Paul H. Williams him once, this spring, when I gave a talk on nationalism and Stefan Leins 11 minorities to AUF members, and I remembered his sensible and Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh 28 Pricing the revolution: Financial analysts and critical contributions to the subsequent discussion. -
Fritt Ords Årsberetning for 2019 (Pdf)
STIFTELSEN FRITT ORD ÅRSBERETNING OM VIRKSOMHETEN I 2019 Formål Stiftelsen Fritt Ord er en privat, allmennyttig stiftelse hvis fremste formål er å verne om og styrke ytringsfriheten og dens vilkår i Norge, særlig ved å stimulere den levende debatt og den uredde bruk av ordet. Fritt Ord kan også støtte andre sider ved norsk kultur, i første rekke den del av kulturen som gjør bruk av ordet. I særlige tilfeller kan Fritt Ord bidra til å fremme ytringsfriheten i andre land. Stiftelsen har kontor i Uranienborgveien 2, Oslo. Fritt Ord søker å ivareta sitt formål på to måter: gjennom bevilgning på basis av søknader og gjennom egeninitiert virksomhet (prisutdelinger, stipendprogram, seminarer, prosjekter). Til vedtektsbestemte formål ble det i 2019 til sammen bevilget kr 100,9 mill. Av dette utgjør ca. kr 1,4 mill. forskjellige priser, mens kr 99,7 mill. gjelder bevilgninger etter søknad. Priser og egne initiativer Fritt Ords Pris Fritt Ords Pris for 2019 ble tildelt Natur og Ungdom og Greta Thunberg for deres bidrag til å gjøre klima- og miljødebatten handlingsrettet og mobiliserende. Prisbeløpet var i alt på kr 500 000, og overrekkelsen fant sted i Den Norske Opera & Ballett 8. mai 2019. Fritt Ords Honnør Levi Fragell ble 28. mars 2019 tildelt Fritt Ords Honnør for sin mangeårige innsats for kritisk religionsdebatt. Overrekkelsen skjedde under en 80-årsmottakelse i regi av Human-Etisk Forbund i Oslo. 17. september mottok Hans Fredrik Dahl Fritt Ords Honnør for sitt store bidrag til norsk kunnskaps- og samfunnsdebatt. Honnøren ble overrakt under et arrangement i Fritt Ords lokaler. Her fant også årets tredje Honnør-overrekkelse sted 22. -
Christian Terror in Europe? the Bible in Anders Behring Breivik's Manifesto
J Bible Recept 2017; 4(1): 147–169 Hannah Strømmen* Christian Terror in Europe? The Bible in Anders Behring Breivik’s Manifesto DOI 10.1515/jbr-2017-2006 Abstract: In the attempts to understand the ideology underpinning the terror attack in Norway 22nd July 2011, and the growth of far-right extremism in Europe more generally, Christianity and the uses of the Bible are a largely neglected feature. In this article, I examine the way in which the Bible is used in Anders Behring Breivik’s manifesto, arguing that this provides an important example of the role of Christianity in far-right discourse. I show that the Bible functions as a legitimating device, glossing violence as defense of a Christian Europe; as a motivational instrument, positing God as a fellow fighter; and, as an origin for Europe. The Bible is situated in a pre-modern state where its signifying powers are policed. At the same time, it is wrenched out of this solidified framework, cut up and pasted into the manifesto hypertext in order to serve as a contemporary ally to an anti-Muslim and anti-multicultural cause. Keywords: Terror; Bible; Christianity; far right; Breivik; Europe. 1 Introduction On 22nd July 2011, Anders Behring Breivik dressed in a fake police uniform, drove to the Government Headquarters (the government office buildings), in Oslo (Regjeringskvartalet) and planted a bomb, which detonated shortly thereafter. He then gained entry to the island of Utøya, where the Norwegian Labour party’s youth organization [Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF)] held their annual political summer camp, and shot indiscriminately at the young people there. -
Calamus Gladio Fortior: El Manifest Terrorista
CALAMUS GLADIO FORTIOR: EL MANIFEST TERRORISTA Kaczynski, Breivik i Tarrant TREBALL FINAL DE GRAU Autor: Iván Quintana Fernández Tutor: Dr. Mario Toboso Buezo 2020 NIUB: 16875434 Grau de Seguretat Universitat de Barcelona Institut de Seguretat Pública de Catalunya “La paraula en mans d'algú hàbil pot fer més mal que l’arma en mans d'un guerrer.” Buda Gautama (col·lecció dels discursos llargs) Calamus Gladio Fortior: la ploma és més forta que l’espasa. Agraïments: Al meu tutor, el Dr. Mario Toboso, que és l’exemple del que és ser un molt bon professor. A en Christian Pachón i l’Anna Marín, que m’han impedit saber que se sent al realitzar un grau sense la millor companyia possible. A les meves tietes, a l’Antonio, a l’Alba i a l’Albert. Calamus Gladio Fortior: El manifest terrorista. Taula de continguts 1. Abstracte ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Paraules Clau .............................................................................................. 1 3. Introducció ................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Introducció al problema ......................................................................... 2 3.2 Motivacions ........................................................................................... 3 3.3 Preguntes d’investigació ....................................................................... 5 3.4 Hipòtesis .............................................................................................. -
Radical Right Narratives and Norwegian
RADICAL RIGHT NARRATIVES AND NORWEGIAN COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN THE DECADE OF UTØYA AND BÆRUM SOLO-ACTOR ATTACKS The CARR-Hedayah Radical Right Counter Narratives Project is a year-long project between CARR and Hedayah that is funded by the EU STRIVE programme. It is designed to create one of the first comprehensive online toolkits for practitioners and civil society engaged in radical right extremist counter-narrative campaigns. It uses online research to map nar- ratives in nine countries and regions (Australia, Canada, Germany, Hungary, New Zealand, Norway, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and the United States), proposes counter-narratives for these countries and regions, and advises on how to conduct such campaigns in an effec- tive manner. This country report is one of such outputs. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Mette Wiggen is a lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) at the University of Leeds. She teaches on the Extreme Right in Europe, and politics for the Introduction to Social Sciences foundation course aimed at Widening Participation- and international social science students at Leeds. Mette is the Widening Participation Officer for the University’s Social Science Cluster where she engages with non traditional students who are exploring and entering higher education. She has taught languages and politics, in Norway and the UK, with guest lectures and conference papers in Egypt, Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, Norway, UK and USA. Mette has also given papers at teaching and learning conferences in the UK on intercultural communication, on student lead discussion groups and on how to engage with students and teach the undergraduate dissertation. -
1335226.Pdf (542.5Kb)
This is a postprint-version of the article published as: Ottosen, R., & Bull, C. A. (2016). Insane or evil? How Norway’s Dagbladet and Aftenposten newspapers covered the perpetrator of 22 July 2011. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, 5(1), 27-50. Insane or evil? How Norway’s Dagbladet and Aftenposten newspapers covered the perpetrator of 22 July 2011 Rune Ottosen and Cathrine Andenæs Bull, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences Abstract This article investigates how the two Norwegian newspapers Aftenposten and Dagbladet framed the reporting about Anders Behring Breivik (henceforth Breivik) in the aftermath of the terror attacks at the government building in Oslo, leaving eight dead behind, and the killing of 69 young people at the AUF youth summer camp on Utøya on 22 July 2011. On the basis of critical discourse analysis, Robert Entman’s framing theory and theories about enemy images, we have analysed a selection of articles from a total sample of 1323 articles covering landmark periods related to the attacks of 22 July 2011: the immediate reaction (22–29 July); the meeting in court to prepare the trial (14–15 November); and the presentation of first psychiatric report (29–30 November). Did the media speculate, before Breivik’s identity was known, on the possibility that Muslim extremists were responsible? An analysis of the editorials in Aftenposten and Dagbladet concludes that Aftenposten hypothesized that Muslims might be behind the attack, while Dagbladet mostly avoided such speculation. The divergence in representation is reiterated in the interviews the authors conducted with the two newspapers’ editors. -
Anders Breivik As a Group of One Guy Rundle (12)
ON UTØYA Anders Breivik, right terror, racism and Europe Edited by Elizabeth Humphrys, Guy Rundle and Tad Tietze 3 On Utøya: Anders Breivik, right terror, racism and Europe Edited by Elizabeth Humphrys, Guy Rundle and Tad Tietze First published by Elguta Press, 2011 Open Access PDF published by Elguta Press, 2014 This collection is published under a Creative Commons, Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives license. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: 1) attribution – you must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). 2) Noncommercial use – you may not use this work for commercial purposes. 3) No Derivative Works – you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Full details at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Please contact individual authors for any further arrangements. The moral rights of the authors have been asserted. ISBN: 978-0-9870588-0-5 www.onutoya.com 4 Dedicated to two other activists lost to us this year Krysti Guest (1965–2011) Simone Morrissey (1986–2011) – passionate fighters for justice – 5 Contents 1. Introduction: On Utøya Elizabeth Humphrys and Guy Rundle (6) Part One – The Event 2. July 22, 2011: Anders Breivik as a group of one Guy Rundle (12) 3. 2083: Breivik’s 21st-century fascist manifesto Richard Seymour (17) Part Two – European Prelude 4. The Panic in Europe: Islamophobia and the Right Jeff Sparrow (26) 5. Anders Breivik and the History of Right-Wing Terror Guy Rundle (32) 6. -
Boundary Struggles
Boundary Struggles Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Kari Steen-Johnsen and Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud (Eds.) Boundary Struggles Contestations of Free Speech in the Norwegian Public Sphere © Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Kari Steen-Johnsen and Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud (Eds.), 2017 This work is protected under the provisions of the Norwegian Copyright Act (Act No. 2 of May 12, 1961, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works) and published Open Access under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license allows third parties to freely copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format as well as remix, transform or build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial purposes, provided the work is properly attributed to the author(s), including a link to the license, and any changes that may have been made are thoroughly indicated. The attribution can be provided in any reasonable manner, however, in no way that suggests the author(s) or the publisher endorses the third party or the third party’s use of the work. Third parties are prohibited from applying legal terms or technological measures that restrict others from doing anything permitted under the terms of the license. Note that the license may not provide all of the permissions necessary for an intended reuse; other rights, for example publicity, privacy, or moral rights, may limit third party use of the material. This book is made possible with support from Fritt Ord. Typesetting: Datapage India (Pvt.) Ltd. Cover Design: Cappelen Damm Cover Illustration: Oda Sofie Granholt Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP [email protected] Contents Preface and acknowledgments ...........................................................11 Chapter 1 Boundary-making in the public sphere: Contestations of free speech ............................................................ -
Anders Breivik Terrorism, Strain Theory and Social Work Alexandre
2019, number 10 Anders Breivik Terrorism, Strain Theory and Social Work Alexandre Madore, University of Ottawa Abstract This analysis considers the importance of general strain theory (GST) in understanding contemporary far-right movements and violence involving white heterosexual men. General strain theory describes how objective and subjective strains can contribute to antisocial behaviours including terrorism. The mass murder committed by Anders Breivik in July 2011 in Norway will be considered as an application of this theory to terrorism. The analysis remains relevant, as evidenced by the most recent 2019 New Zealand mosque terrorism incidents. It begins with an overview of Breivik’s turbulent childhood and adulthood, marked by isolation and failed business ventures. Next, an outline of the July 2011 Norway attacks provides further context. After providing a detailed exploration of these attacks, this analysis will consider general strain theory in relation to the situation outlined above and it will be argued that perceived subjective and objective strain contributed to Breivik’s actions. More specifically, the subjective strains he experienced included social isolation and poor parental relationships. Conversely, objective strains provide an analysis of how Anders Breivik and others like him perceive their privileged position as being strained by migration and increasingly liberal gender norms. This analysis concludes with suggesting a role for social work in deescalating far right movements in Western liberal democracies. Introduction On July 22nd, 2011, the terrorist attack committed by Anders Breivik in Oslo and Utøya island in Norway resulted in the deaths of 77 people and injured more than 40 others (Leornard, Annas, Knoll & Tørrissen, 2014; Richards, 2014). -
Skodje Marte.Pdf (556.3Kb)
Når historie iscenesettes En studie av NRKs dramaserie 22. juli Masteroppgave i Dokumentarproduksjon, Institutt for medie- og samfunnsfag Av Marte Skodje // 15.12.20 Sammendrag I denne masteroppgaven har jeg undersøkt hvordan samspillet mellom fakta og fiksjon i NRKs tv-serie 22. juli er. Hensikten har vært å finne ut hvilke dokumentariske grep serien bruker, for å oppnå troverdighet. For å gi et svar på dette har jeg analysert seriens seks episoder, og brukt teori både fra historie- og dokumentarfaget. Den mest sentrale teorien i denne masteroppgaven er Steven N. Lipkins teori om dokudrama, og herav hans tre metoder for argumentasjon. Robert A. Rosenstone sitt begrep metaforisk sannhet er også viktig i denne oppgaven og brukes aktivt i besvarelsen. Et av hovedfunnene i denne masteren er at oppdiktede karakterer, på lik linje med reelle personer, kan utøve samfunnskritikk. Denne kritikken blir imidlertid ikke like slagkraftig som den kunne vært dersom kritikken kom fra og til virkelige personer eller institusjoner. Et annet hovedfunn er at dokudrama, som kan iscenesette hendelser for å forsterke allerede etablerte inntrykk, kan gi seeren minner som på mange måter er falske. Et tredje viktig funn er at ved å skape et fiktivt subplott kan dokudrama aktualisere og visualisere temaer som er vanskelige å formidle i en dokumentar. Dokudrama, som ikke må forholde seg til like strenge regler som dokumentaren, kan også karikere en reell person uten at personen er blitt informert eller har fått tilsvarsrett før serien blir sendt. Forord Jeg hadde egentlig ikke tenkt å se 22. juli. Tanken på å bli minnet på det grusomme som skjedde for snart ti år siden, i en dramatisert form, kjentes merkelig. -
Anders Breivik and Elliot Rodger: Violence, Communication, and the Edim Ated Sphere
Wayne State University Wayne State University Theses 1-1-2016 Anders Breivik And Elliot Rodger: Violence, Communication, And The ediM ated Sphere. Walter Anthony Lucken Iv Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses Part of the History Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Lucken Iv, Walter Anthony, "Anders Breivik And Elliot Rodger: Violence, Communication, And The eM diated Sphere." (2016). Wayne State University Theses. 530. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/530 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. ANDERS BREIVIK AND ELLIOT RODGER: VIOLENCE, COMMUNICATION AND THE MEDIATED SPHERE. BY WALTER ANTHONY LUCKEN IV THESIS Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS 2016 MAJOR: History Approved by ------------------------------------------------------ Advisor Date Table of Contents 1. Introduction_________________________________________________ 1. 2. Theoretical Framework________________________________________11. 3. Chapter 1: Anders Breivik and Media Discourse____________________21. 4. Chapter 2: Anders Breivik’s Attacks on Oslo and Utoya______________34. 5. Chapter 3: Personal and Political in the Rhetoric of Elliot Rodger_______53. 6. Chapter 4: Elliot -
Counter-Jihad Movement
COUNTER-JIHAD MOVEMENT (CJM) IMPACT: The self-described “Counter-Jihad Movement” (CJM) is a network of European and North American anti-Muslim movements, institutions, political parties, authors, bloggers, and activists who claim that ‘Western civilization’ is “under attack” by Islam. While CJM is an informal network, participants in the movement have used the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)’s annual Human Dimension and Implementation Meeting (HDIM) to disseminate its anti- Muslim ideology in European and North American policy circles annually since 2007. Norwegian mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik cited numerous CJM members as inspiration for his 2011 deadly attacks in 2011. • The self-described “Counter-Jihad Movement” (CJM) is named for the “counter-jihad” conferences they have organized since 2007 with stated aims of “resist[ing] the increasing Islamisation of their countries.” CJM’s motto is: “Our unity in mission arises from a common goal: to resist the [sic] Jihad in all its forms.” • CJM was launched in the years following 9/11 to “initiate action against the encroachment of sharia in Western Society,” according to a post published on the anti-Muslim blog Gates of Vienna by “a group of people...who have firsthand knowledge of the history of the transatlantic Counterjihad.” The blog’s comment section provided early network-building for would-be participants in the movement. • In 2006, individuals associated with the movement in the United Kingdom and the United States first established an organization called the Center for Vigilant Freedom (CVF). CVF became the International Civil Liberties Alliance and expanded to include content in Spanish, Dutch, Italian, and German.