Vengeance: the True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team Free
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The Munich Massacre: a New History
The Munich Massacre: A New History Eppie Briggs (aka Marigold Black) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BA (Hons) in History University of Sydney October 2011 1 Contents Introduction and Historiography Part I – Quiet the Zionist Rage 1. The Burdened Alliance 2. Domestic Unrest Part II – Rouse the Global Wrath 3. International Condemnation 4. The New Terrorism Conclusion 2 Acknowledgments I would like to thank first and foremost Dr Glenda Sluga to whom I am greatly indebted for her guidance, support and encouragement. Without Glenda‟s sage advice, the writing of this thesis would have been an infinitely more difficult and painful experience. I would also like to thank Dr Michael Ondaatje for his excellent counsel, good-humour and friendship throughout the last few years. Heartfelt thanks go to Elise and Dean Briggs for all their love, support and patience and finally, to Angus Harker and Janie Briggs. I cannot adequately convey the thanks I owe Angus and Janie for their encouragement, love, and strength, and for being a constant reminder as to why I was writing this thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis examines the Nixon administration’s response to the Munich Massacre; a terrorist attack which took place at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. By examining the contextual considerations influencing the administration’s response in both the domestic and international spheres, this thesis will determine the manner in which diplomatic intricacies impacted on the introduction of precedent setting counterterrorism institutions. Furthermore, it will expound the correlation between the Nixon administration’s response and a developing conceptualisation of acts of modern international terrorism. -
The Cramdown the Newsletter of the Tampa Bay Bankruptcy Bar Association Editor-In-Chief, Adam Lawton Alpert, Esq
The Cramdown The Newsletter of the Tampa Bay Bankruptcy Bar Association Editor-in-Chief, Adam Lawton Alpert, Esq. Fall 2007 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE by Shirley C. Arcuri, Esq. Shirley C. Arcuri, P.A. am delighted to serve as the Association’s president for 2007-2008. Although bankruptcy filings were down last year, we ended the 2006-2007 year with no drop in our membership numbersI and we are 300 members strong. Membership in the Association provides a framework for the atmosphere of collegiality which bankruptcy practitioners in the Tampa Division enjoy. The Association’s projects present an opportunity for each of us to get to know one another better, to keep up to date on current bankruptcy issues, and to improve our skills as bankruptcy lawyers. We welcome the involvement of all members. If you are not active in the Association and would like to be, please call or email me, or any of our officers or directors. Just a few of the items we are working on: Our regular luncheon meetings are held on the second Tuesday of the month. Our CLE co-chairs, Luis Martinez-Monfort and Edward Peterson, have an excellent lineup of topics and speakers planned for this year. We look forward to seeing you. The Consumer Committee, chaired by Kelley Petry, sponsors monthly pizza lunches and programs in the 5th floor training room at the Courthouse. The regular date for these events is the first Tuesday of every month at noon. Our judges are regular participants in these informal programs, which provide a great opportunity to keep up with the latest developments in consumer practice. -
Palestinian Groups
1 Ron’s Web Site • North Shore Flashpoints • http://northshoreflashpoints.blogspot.com/ 2 Palestinian Groups • 1955-Egypt forms Fedayeem • Official detachment of armed infiltrators from Gaza National Guard • “Those who sacrifice themselves” • Recruited ex-Nazis for training • Fatah created in 1958 • Young Palestinians who had fled Gaza when Israel created • Core group came out of the Palestinian Students League at Cairo University that included Yasser Arafat (related to the Grand Mufti) • Ideology was that liberation of Palestine had to preceed Arab unity 3 Palestinian Groups • PLO created in 1964 by Arab League Summit with Ahmad Shuqueri as leader • Founder (George Habash) of Arab National Movement formed in 1960 forms • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in December of 1967 with Ahmad Jibril • Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation (PDFLP) for the Liberation of Democratic Palestine formed in early 1969 by Nayif Hawatmah 4 Palestinian Groups Fatah PFLP PDFLP Founder Arafat Habash Hawatmah Religion Sunni Christian Christian Philosophy Recovery of Palestine Radicalize Arab regimes Marxist Leninist Supporter All regimes Iraq Syria 5 Palestinian Leaders Ahmad Jibril George Habash Nayif Hawatmah 6 Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa • 8/24/1929 - 11/11/2004 • Born in Cairo, Egypt • Father born in Gaza of an Egyptian mother • Mother from Jerusalem • Beaten by father for going into Jewish section of Cairo • Graduated from University of King Faud I (1944-1950) • Fought along side Muslim Brotherhood -
With JUVAL AVIV INTERVIEW So Much About Juval Aviv Is Unconfirmable Or Comes Tagged with That Highly Annoying Cop-Out Caveat “Based on True Events”
20 |21.07.06|pressgazette.co.uk| with JUVAL AVIV INTERVIEW So much about Juval Aviv is unconfirmable or comes tagged with that highly annoying cop-out caveat “based on true events”. Apparently, he was a lethal Mossad assassin who led Israel’s revenge attacks on the PLO terrorists responsible for the 1972 Munich Olympic massacre, but there is no official corroboration. Aviv’s (apparent) activities were the inspiration for the 1984 book Vengeance, and he was a consultant to Steven Spielberg on the movie Munich, which was based on the book. The lead character, Avner, is meant to be him. Canadian author George Jonas and Spielberg were satisfied with Aviv’s authenticity, but his exact involvement in either project is conveniently inked out. To add to the confusion, Aviv has written a novel about a newspaper tycoon who is murdered while on his yacht (the plot details are CLASSIFIED), but any suspicion that this is about Robert Maxwell would mean it’s your medication time. What is indisputable is that Aviv, now 59, was an Israeli army major and is now a top corporate private investigator living in New York. He has recouped billions in cash and probed the Lockerbie bombing and the Daily Mirror pension scandal. A father of two, Aviv is 5ft 11, heavy set, with a handshake that squeezes like a python limbering up to prepare dinner. He wears a “Look at the war in Iraq. cosmetic department dose of They knew that there Aramis. Despite his dark past, he is weren’t any weapons of a cheery fellow, with darting brown mass destruction. -
Ii% Nathsl Atlas of Caasda, Pparzd by the Department of Energy, Mines
--________ VtXWE 3 PZo. 7 EJOVEMBER, 1974 Ii% Nathsl Atlas of Caasda, geographer dmwing a splendid map of closer in the recognition that in a coun- pparzd by the Department of a new land, as David Thompson once try such as ours, where the terrain is so Energy, Mines and Resources, did, and also embodying a description insistently present in one’s experience, AfacrSka, 280 p@Y?s, $56 cloth. of it in a journal written in robust and litemture will never-nor should ever vividly metaphorical prose. try to-get away from the actuality of And yet. however far apart the the land. Somewhere in Survival. specialization of techniques over the Margaret Atwood remarks that what we past century may appear to have thrust think of as “nahue poetry” is “seldom geographers and writers - and here I about nature” but “usually about the mean writers in general - their in- poet’s attitude towards the external terests appear to’have been drawing THBICE IS MORB in common than meets the bird’s eye between critics and geogmphers. Both are map-makers, even if the critic’s mam are metaohotic while the geographer% am liter& and both ax trapped in the problems of how to combine the abstraction and rchemotization that their craft imposes whb the need to recognize that they am :aying or showing something about human beings and their settings and are perhaps dealing with exchangeable landscapes. Seventeenth-century map-maklrrs attempted to solve, the problem of the abstract and the actual by putting little vignettes of the people and animals of a country into the car- ners of their maps, and by drawing miniature houses or fields of gmin to show the architectum and agriculture, a custom that survives in some modem maps where tiny stylized trees am dot- ted about to suggest forests or equallly stylized clumps of rushes to signify marshes. -
Continuity and Change in Israel's Strategic Culture
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN ISRAEL’S STRATEGIC CULTURE Gregory F. Giles Prepared for: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Comparative Strategic Cultures Curriculum Contract No: DTRA01-03-D-0017, Technical Instruction 18-06-02 This report represents the views of its author, not necessarily those of SAIC, its sponsors, or any United States Government Agency Continuity and Change in Israel’s Strategic Culture Gregory Giles STRATEGIC CULTURE DEFINED For the purposes of this project, strategic culture is defined as: Shared beliefs, assumptions, and modes of behavior derived from common experiences and accepted narratives (both oral and written), that shape collective identity and relationships to other groups, and which determine appropriate ends and means for achieving security objectives. This definition is well-suited to consideration of the Israeli case. As explained below, Israel has cultivated—some would say imposed—a set of beliefs and assumptions on its citizenry as a means of simultaneously building and defending the fledgling Jewish state in the face of deep Islamic hostility. This belief system is rooted, in part, in such ancient texts as the Bible but is under considerable pressure from contemporary demographic, ideological, and religious changes in Israeli society. As a result, there is both continuity and change in what passes for “appropriate” ends and means of achieving security in Israeli terms. Indeed, the strategic culture framework could provide a useful tool for anticipating how the Jewish state might come to grips with its ongoing internal, as well as external, security challenges. STRATEGIC CULTURE PROFILE Summary Description Israel’s is a strategic culture in transition. -
Hausmitteilung 23
DAS DEUTSCHE NACHRICHTEN-MAGAZIN Hausmitteilung 23. Januar 2006 Betr.: Titel, Immobilien, Resonanz elten hat in den USA ein Film eine sol- Sche Kontroverse ausgelöst wie Steven Spielbergs „München“ über das Olympia- Attentat 1972 auf das israelische Team und den nachfolgenden Rachefeldzug des Ge- heimdienstes Mossad. Im Gespräch mit SPIEGEL-Autor Erich Follath, 56, und -Re- dakteur Lars-Olav Beier, 40, wehrt sich der Regisseur, dessen Film am Donnerstag in AMIT SHABI / LAIF AMIT Deutschland anläuft, vehement gegen den Ex-Mossad-Agent Biran, Follath Vorwurf, er habe israelische Rächer und palästinensische Täter moralisch gleichge- setzt. In Tel Aviv und Haifa traf Follath, der 1980 ein Buch über den Mossad geschrieben hat („Das Auge Davids“), zwei der Hauptverantwortlichen für das spektakuläre Rache- Kommandounternehmen, bei dem nicht nur „Zielpersonen“ getötet wurden, sondern auch „Kollateralschäden“ entstanden. Die Ex-Agenten Muki Bezer, heute 60, und Amnon Biran, 63, beteuerten einhellig: „Es musste sein.“ Entscheidend sei die Verhält- nismäßigkeit staatlicher Reaktionen, die Bezer indes bei der Liquidierung von Hamas- Führern nicht immer gegeben sieht. Die Frage, wie weit ein demokratischer Staat angesichts der terroristischen Herausforderung gehen darf, beleuchten SPIEGEL-Aus- landschef Gerhard Spörl, 55, und Follath im Titelstück über die „München“-Kontro- verse (Seite 104). Die Haltung verschiedener israelischer Ministerpräsidenten erörtert der Mossad-Experte Aaron J. Klein in seinem Buch „Die Rächer“, das dieser Tage als SPIEGEL-Buch bei der Deutschen Verlags-Anstalt erscheint und das Tel Avivs Antwort auf München anhand neuer Quellen beschreibt – ein Auszug auf Seite 110. ass der New Yorker Immobilienmarkt nach an- Dderen Gesetzen funktioniert als der in Ham- burg oder Berlin, merkte USA-Korrespondent Frank Hornig, 36, bereits in seiner ersten Arbeitswoche in Manhattan – bei der privaten Wohnungssuche. -
The Munich Massacre: a New History
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sydney eScholarship The Munich Massacre: A New History Eppie Briggs (aka Marigold Black) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BA (Hons) in History University of Sydney October 2011 1 Contents Introduction and Historiography Part I – Quiet the Zionist Rage 1. The Burdened Alliance 2. Domestic Unrest Part II – Rouse the Global Wrath 3. International Condemnation 4. The New Terrorism Conclusion 2 Acknowledgments I would like to thank first and foremost Dr Glenda Sluga to whom I am greatly indebted for her guidance, support and encouragement. Without Glenda‟s sage advice, the writing of this thesis would have been an infinitely more difficult and painful experience. I would also like to thank Dr Michael Ondaatje for his excellent counsel, good-humour and friendship throughout the last few years. Heartfelt thanks go to Elise and Dean Briggs for all their love, support and patience and finally, to Angus Harker and Janie Briggs. I cannot adequately convey the thanks I owe Angus and Janie for their encouragement, love, and strength, and for being a constant reminder as to why I was writing this thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis examines the Nixon administration’s response to the Munich Massacre; a terrorist attack which took place at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. By examining the contextual considerations influencing the administration’s response in both the domestic and international spheres, this thesis will determine the manner in which diplomatic intricacies impacted on the introduction of precedent setting counterterrorism institutions. -
Keeping Company in Hollywood: Toward an Ethics of the Non-Fiction Film
Access Provided by City University of New York at 04/29/10 1:28PM GMT David H. Richter Keeping Company in Hollywood: Ethical Issues in Nonfiction Film It was in 1961, in the notorious thirteenth chapter of his first book, The Rhetoric of Fiction, that Wayne Booth took a flying leap into ethical criticism, an arena guarded by great souls like Plato, Samuel Johnson, and Leo Tolstoy, but primarily in- habited, fifty years ago, by narrow moralists from the Legion of Decency. In 1966 Booth told my class in contemporary theory at the University of Chicago that he had spent more time defending that chapter than the other twelve put together, but it was not time wasted, because it put that issue onto the table, where it turned into a busy field of inquiry. Booth’s central thrust in the 1988 The Company We Keep was that, because man is a social animal, fiction is ethically formative: that our lives are sig- nificantly enriched or impoverished, our character strengthened or enfeebled, our values challenged or confirmed by the narratives that we read. Booth’s views have at- tracted allies like Martha Nussbaum, and antagonists like Hillis Miller and Richard Posner.1 While I have elsewhere expressed my dissent from some of Booth’s particular textual analyses, my discussion of “ethical cheating” in fiction films presumed his basic position on the ethics of fiction, and the essay that follows is an attempt to ex- tend Booth’s concerns in the area of narrative ethics to the nonfiction film.2 By non- fiction film, I refer to biographical and historical films that dramatize actual events in the lives of real people but use professional actors to represent the agents. -
Between Vengeance and Retribution: a New View of the Mossad's Most Mysterious Operation
BETWEEN VENGEANCE AND RETRIBUTION: A NEW VIEW OF THE MOSSAD'S MOST MYSTERIOUS OPERATION Aaron J. Klein, Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response (New York: Random House, 2006). Reviewed by Konstantin Eggert As the eight Black September gunmen climbed over the Olympic Village fence in Munich on September 5, 1972, they could hardly imagine the full consequences of their actions. All they wanted was to exchange the hostages for a couple hundred Palestinian inmates in Israeli pris ons. Their intention was to attract as much notice from the press as they could. However, they hardly expected that they would enter into history and would possibly even change its course. Twentyfour hours later most of the terrorists and all of the hostages were dead, while the so called Kitchen Cabinet of Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir made a decision to launch a cam paign of retribution unprecedented in its duration and in resources spent, against the Black September organization and, essentially, against the Palestinian leadership as a whole, as well as its international representatives. Up until this point, the famous best seller Vengeance, written by the Canadian author George Jonas and published in 1984, has been considered the main, albeit rather frag mentary, source of information on the subject. Steven Spielberg based his film Munich on that very book. The American director portrays the Mossad agents not as “knights without fear, blemish, and doubt,” but as people who, in the end, begin to question whether their mission is worth all the sacrifice. Precisely this caused the mixed, if not angry, reaction of many in Israel. -
Eye for an Eye: Israel's Swift and Devastating Response to the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Olympic Games Two Books: Striking Back Vs
148 Mapes Eye for an Eye: Israel's Swift and Devastating Response to the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Olympic Games Two Books: Striking Back vs. Vengeance This paper owes a great deal to the work of two scholars of Israel’s Benjamin Mapes response to Munich: Aaron J. Klein’s Striking Back: the True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team and George Jonas’s Vengeance: the 1972 Ben Mapes, an undergraduate History major, wrote this paper for Dr. Roger Munich Olympic Massacre and Israel’s Deadly Response. Due to Israeli policy Beck’s HIS 2500 course, Historical Research and Writing, in spring 2009. toward the release of government documents, especially those dealing with _____________________________________________________________ covert operations, these two books, based off interviews with Mossad agents, officers, and operatives, present the most detailed and reliable evidence and facts regarding Operation: Wrath of God. Neither book has been “From the blood-drenched history of the Jewish nation, we recognized by the Israeli government as an accurate account, but, at the learn that violence which begins with the murder of Jews same time, neither has been discredited by Israel or academia. A majority of ends with the spread of violence and danger to all people, in both accounts coincide with each other, giving both accounts amazing all nations. We have no choice but to strike at terrorist credibility. There are, however, some variances between the two accounts. organizations wherever we can reach them. That is our For instance, Vengeance is based almost solely on the account of Alias: obligation to ourselves and to peace.” Avner, a man claiming to be a Mossad operative in charge of one of the 1 -Golda Meir, 1972 assassination teams, and he is personally responsible for many of the killings; in Striking Back, however, Klein’s main operative is a man named Israeli participation in the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Michael Harari who organized a number of teams which killed the Germany was a global statement of momentous proportions. -
Reimagining the Golem the Creation and Development of Daniel Silva’S Spiritually-Motivated Protagonist, Gabriel Allon
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Gloucestershire Research Repository REIMAGINING THE GOLEM THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DANIEL SILVA’S SPIRITUALLY-MOTIVATED PROTAGONIST, GABRIEL ALLON Tim Rosser A thesis submitted to the University of Gloucestershire in accordance with the requirements of the degree of MA by Research in the School of Liberal and Performing Arts December 2018 32,640 words 2 REIMAGINING THE GOLEM THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DANIEL SILVA’S SPIRITUALLY-MOTIVATED PROTAGONIST, GABRIEL ALLON Tim Rosser MA by Research December 2018 ABSTRACT Daniel Silva’s legendary hero, Gabriel Allon, is intended to embody the concepts of justice, order and spiritually-motivated retribution and has been created to combat threats against the contemporary social order via a combination of guile, ruthlessness and heroism. He is also designed to be unhindered by any physical, emotional or financial restrictions and can therefore exercise his power (against any person, organisation or situation) in the pursuit of an ideology which defines and promotes the political intentions and the cultural influences of his author. This thesis challenges the figure of Gabriel Allon by arguing firstly, that he is in fact a highly ambivalent, morally problematic figure and secondly, in demonstrating where elements of real-life (adapted by the author to support his ideological stance) have undermined the reliability of the narrative. The thesis has also examined some of the political sub-texts employed by the author to question whether his methodology is serving to enhance the plausibility of the fiction or whether it is embedding dangerously subjective depictions of counter-terrorism into the reader’s consciousness.