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The US Military Space Operation in Facts and Figures

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The US Military Space Operation in Facts and Figures 2009 Space Almanac The US military space operation in facts and figures. Compiled by Tamar A. Mehuron, Associate Editor, and the staff of Air Force Magazine This almanac was compiled by Air Force Magazine, with assistance and information from Celinda Marsh, OMB, Science and Space Branch; researcher Joseph J. Burger; researcher Jeremy Singer; and US Strate- gic Command and Air Force Space Command Public Affairs Offices. Figures that appear in this section will not always agree because of different cutoff dates, rounding, or dif- ferent methods of reporting. The information is intended to illustrate trends in space activity. 52 AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2009 0.05G 60,000 miles Geosynchronous Earth orbit 22,300 miles Hard vacuum 1,000 miles Medium Earth orbit begins 300 miles 0.95G 100 miles Low Earth orbit begins 60 miles Astronaut wings awarded 50 miles Limit for ramjet engines 28 miles Limit for turbojet engines 20 miles Stratosphere begins 10 miles Artist’s conception by Erik Simonsen Illustration not to scale AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2009 53 US Military Missions in Space Space Support Space Force Enhancement Space Control Space Force Application Deploy, launch, and sustain mili- Provide satellite command and Ensure freedom of action in space Provide capabilities for the ap- tary and intelligence systems control communications, posi- for the US and its allies and, plication of combat operations in space. tioning, navigation, and timing; when directed, deny an adversary in, through, and from space to environmental monitoring; mis- freedom of action in space. influence the course and outcome sile warning; and intelligence- of conflict. surveillance-reconnaissance to the warfighter as well as support other intelligence, civil, and com- mercial users. US Space Funding 60 50 40 30 20 Billions of constant Fiscal 2009 dollars 10 Year 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06 08 Figures in millions of constant Fiscal 2009 dollars Year NASA DOD Other Total Year NASA DOD Other Total 1959 1,932 3,627 252 5,811 1984 14,229 21,152 819 36,200 1960 3,363 4,083 313 7,759 1985 13,868 25,570 1,169 40,607 1961 6,673 5,866 490 13,029 1986 14,081 27,762 937 42,780 1962 12,822 9,261 1,420 23,503 1987 18,608 30,897 884 50,388 1963 25,540 10,918 1,810 38,268 1988 15,165 32,216 1,350 48,732 1964 34,877 11,118 1,481 47,476 1989 17,557 31,136 974 49,667 1965 35,163 10,772 1,649 47,584 1990 18,906 25,763 834 45,503 1966 33,686 11,233 1,423 46,343 1991 20,655 22,452 1,223 44,330 1967 31,157 10,734 1,374 43,266 1992 20,289 23,092 1,226 44,607 1968 27,425 11,899 1,078 40,402 1993 19,496 21,051 1,091 41,638 1969 22,428 11,812 1,000 35,240 1994 18,941 19,151 920 39,012 1970 19,692 9,316 783 29,790 1995 17,747 15,061 1,074 33,882 1971 16,490 8,040 861 25,391 1996 17,266 15,817 1,137 34,220 1972 15,824 7,250 687 23,761 1997 16,728 15,747 1,060 33,535 1973 15,007 7,875 715 23,597 1998 16,285 16,335 1,110 33,729 1974 12,060 7,719 691 20,470 1999 16,112 17,075 1,270 34,457 1975 11,679 7,580 632 19,891 2000 15,660 16,185 1,320 33,166 1976 12,213 7,509 637 20,359 2001 16,186 17,430 1,292 34,908 1977 12,232 8,576 688 21,496 2002 16,610 18,848 1,432 36,891 1978 11,973 9,048 747 21,767 2003 16,809 22,695 1,528 41,032 1979 11,965 9,014 736 21,716 2004 16,324 21,787 1,669 39,780 1980 12,243 10,066 605 22,913 2005 16,804 21,872 1,707 40,383 1981 11,839 11,450 556 23,845 2006 16,839 23,621 1,759 42,219 1982 12,345 14,916 698 27,959 2007 16,176 23,293 1,746 41,214 1983 13,694 19,517 708 33,918 2008 16,519 24,820 1,696 43,034 Total $848,183 $790,028 $51,565 $1,648,437 54 AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2009 The Year in Space July 21, 2008 Jan. 17 April 7 Defense acquisition chief John J. Young Jr. A United Launch Alliance Delta IV heavy rocket The Air Force begins seeking commercial directs DOD offices to consider building fewer lofts a National Reconnaissance Office payload sources for the space weather data that it Space Radar satellites and buying foreign com- into orbit from Cape Canaveral AFS, Fla. It was gets today from Defense Meteorological mercial satellite radar imagery. the booster’s first launch of an NRO satellite. Satellite Program—and would have gotten in the future from the National Polar-orbiting Op- Aug. 29 Feb. 10 erational Environmental Satellite System, but RapidEye AG launches a five satellite imagery A defunct Russian military communications which was removed from NPOESS in a 2006 constellation aboard a single DNEPR-1 rocket. satellite and an operational Iridium commercial restructuring. Pentagon officials say the RapidEye constel- satellite are destroyed when they collide 480 lation is one option for meeting some of the miles above Siberia, creating a wide debris field April 9 requirements assigned to Space Radar. in space. NRO Director Scott F. Large resigns; Air Force Maj. Gen. Ellen M. Pawlikowski, deputy director Sept. 6 Feb. 12 of the office, takes over on an interim basis. GeoEye-1, the highest-resolution commercial Marine Corps Gen. James E. Cartwright, vice Earth-imaging satellite, enters orbit following chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, says that April 28 launch from Vandenberg AFB, Calif. The National avoiding the debris from the Feb. 10 crash will The Army takes delivery of its SMDC-ONE Geospatial-Intelligence Agency funded its devel- likely affect US space operations. communications nano-satellites, which were de- opment and procurement. veloped and built in less than a year and are the Feb. 19 first Army-bought satellites in several decades. Sept. 28 Missile Defense Agency officials announce the The Falcon 1 rocket, seen as a key launcher of transfer of the Cobra Dane phased-array radar at May 19 small satellites under the Operationally Respon- Shemya, Alaska, to Air Force Space Command. Air Force Research Laboratory’s TacSat-3 is sive Space program, puts into orbit a SpaceX AFSPC will maintain and operate the radar for launched from NASA’s Wallops Island, Va., satellite. missile defense, space surveillance, and intel- launch facility and successfully placed in orbit ligence missions. with a Minotaur I booster. Oct. 8 Air Force officials announce that Air Force Space Feb. 26 May 21 Command will shift ICBMs to Global Strike Air Force Gen. Kevin P. Chilton, commander of The GPS III team successfully completes the Command, one of several steps to strengthen US Strategic Command, announces that all de- Preliminary Design Review for the GPS IIIA and consolidate the Air Force’s nuclear mission. bris created by the US shootdown of a tumbling spacecraft program. GPS IIIA will deliver spy satellite in February 2008 has de-orbited. enhanced Earth coverage and a new civil signal Oct. 24 compatible with Europe’s Galileo program. Plans A Delta II launcher at Vandenberg boosts into March 24 call for a constellation of 12 satellites with initial orbit a Thales Alenia-Space satellite, COSMO- Airmen with the 45th Space Wing, Cape Canav- launch in 2014. SkyMed 3, for civilian-military use. eral AFS, Fla., launch a Delta II booster carrying the newest GPS satellite, the GPS IIR-20(M), June 2 Nov. 12 into orbit. The new version includes tougher USAF awards Lockheed Martin a $1.5 billion USAF accepts the first Space Based Infrared encryption for military signals and a more jam- contract for key SBIRS components, includ- System HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) payload resistant signal. ing the third highly elliptical orbit (HEO-3) and ground system into operational service. payload, the third geosynchronous orbit The Lockheed Martin system had successfully April 3 (GEO-3) satellite, and ground modifications. completed trial operations, in which live data An Atlas V rocket launched at Cape Canaveral The system will provide early warning of was inserted into operational networks. puts the second Wideband Global SATCOM sys- missile launches, battlespace awareness, and tem into orbit. It will augment and later replace technical intelligence. The system is designed Jan. 7, 2009 the Defense Satellite Communications System. to replace the Defense Support Program. Boeing announces that it has reconfigured a UHF Follow-On Satellite that services a variety April 6 June 12 of military users at fixed sites and on mobile Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates terminates Retired Air Force Gen. Bruce Carlson, who had platforms to boost communications capacity by USAF’s Transformational Satellite (TSAT) Com- served as commander of Air Force Materiel 30 percent. munications System program. Instead, USAF Command before retiring from active duty will buy two additional Advanced Extremely High on Jan. 1, is tapped to replace Large as NRO Frequency Satellite Communications System director. satellites. Space and Missile Badges Space Badge Space/Missile Badge Air Force Astronaut Missile Badge With Missile Badge Operations Designator AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2009 55 Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, Colo.
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