ASSESSMENT REPORT

TO IDENTIFY THE TRAINING NEEDS IN DISTRICT LEVEL PLANNING The entire effort in producing this document was coordinated by the Rio project. © 2018 Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dhaka, . Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Department of Environment, 2018. Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning, Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Available from: Department of Environment Paribesh Bhaban E/16, Agargaon Sher-e Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh. www.doe.gov.bd [email protected] ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE IDENTITY TRAINING NEEDS IN DISTRICT LEVEL PLANNING

Contributor Dr. Md. Jahangir Alam Rustom

Advisor Md. Ziaul Haque A S Moniruzzaman Khan

FOREWARD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name of Contents Page no.

Chapter 1 7-10 I.I Background and Overview 7 I.2 Objectives of the Study 9 Chapter II 11 2.1 Methodology and Approach 11 2.2 Stakeholders’ Consultations 11 Chapter III 12-17 3.1 Gap analysis: UNCBD 12 3.2 Gap analysis: UNCCD 15

3.3 Gap analysis: UNFCCC 16 3.4 Need Analysis 17 Chapter IV 18-22 4.1 Community Based and Floodplain Resource Management project 18 4.2 Eco-environmental Changes of Wetland Resources of Hakaluki haor in 19 Bangladesh Using GIS Technology 4.3 An Integrated Environmental Assessment Of Hakaluki Haor Ecosystem 19 Using Dpsir Framework A Case Study On Moulovibazar District Of Bangladesh 4.4 Strengthening and consolidation of community based Ecosystem 19 Conservation and Adaptation in ECA of Bangladesh 4.5 Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM-II) Project (2001 2007) 21 4.6 The Nishargo Support Project (2003 2008) 21 4.7 Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project 21 4.8 Capturing the Experiences of Community Based Ecosystem Conservation 22 and Adaptation in Ecologically Critical Areas Chapter V 23 5.1 Conclusions 23 5.2 References 23 Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj, © Masud Al Mamun Haor itself is a complex of more than 80 Rivers, out of which the Bordol/ Sonai, and 200,000 people live around the haor. All of capacity building and institutional CHAPTER 1 inter-connecting beels located in the Maulvi Juuri/ Kantinala Rivers are originated in India. them, more or less, are dependent on the development for government organization. As Bazar district. During the dry season, the beels resources of the haor for their livelihoods. As Hakaluki haor is affected with environmental cover an area of approximately 4,400 ha. This haor basin supports numerous wetland the haor floods annually, settlements are problem associates with obligation of three However, during the rainy season, the entire habitats. Different types of plants are found clustered along its slightly raised fringes. On mother conventions i.e. Convention on area gets flooded, and the beels are united as here. Various known- unknown plants and rare ground of such threats and rapid degradation of biological diversity, convention on UNFCCC one large lake, or haor, with an area of aquatics adorn this area with shades of green. the resources and in recognition of the urgent and convention on land degradation and approximately 18,000 ha. This makes it the The abundance of trees and herbs is surprising. need to protect the unique ecology and desertification , Rio project selected the area largest haor in Bangladesh. Some 190,000 The Hakaluki Haor supports a wide variety of biodiversity of the haor, Government of where Rio project activities will be people live surrounding Hakaluki haor area. agricultural and horticultural crops and fast Bangladesh has declared Hakaluki Haor as an implemented as piloting basis and environment Hakaluki haor is a highly significant site for a growing introduced timber species. A 'Ecologically Critical Area' (ECA) under the sector is selected as piloting sector. wide variety of waterfowl. It is important for significant number of medicinal plants is also provision of the Bangladesh Environment wintering migratory birds. Its overall found in the Haor. It provides sanctuary to Conservation Act in 1999 (CNRS, 2002). 1.2 Objectives of the Study significance is perhaps best expressed with many species of animals and birds including reference to the various criteria for inclusion as some very rare kinds – already declared as Today's work environment requires employees The major objective of the assessment is to a Ramsar site. It is a particularly good threatened, vulnerable, endangered and to be skilled in performing complex tasks in an strengthen institutional and technical capacities representative example of a wetland which critically endangered species. efficient, cost-effective, and safe manner. and skills of core public training institutions for 1.1 Background and Overview plays a substantial hydrological, biological or Training is needed when employees are not improved implementation of the Rio ecological role in the natural functioning of a A total of 558 species of animal and birds have performing up to a certain standard or at an Conventions. Other objectives to this end Rio convention is popularly known as ‘Earth Summit’. The major river basin; It supports an appreciable been identified here. Amphibians, reptiles, expected level of performance. The difference include, outcomes of the conference were three important assemblage of rare, vulnerable or endangered apes and mammals all of them enrich the between actual the actual level of job conventions; i) the UN Convention on Biological Diversity species of plant or animal, or an appreciable biodiversity of this haor region. Among these performance and the expected level of job An overview of the Rio Conventions (CBD) focused on biological aspects of the earth with a number of individuals of any one or more of animals are the freshwater Turtle and Tortoises, performance indicates a need for training. The obligations to the nation and actions taken in special attention to protection, conservation and sustainable these species. It is of special value for Otters, Capped Langur, Pallas's Fish Eagle, identification of training needs is the first step response to those obligations management of biological resources; ii) the UN Framework maintaining the genetic and ecological dolphin, snakes and many more. Besides trees in a uniform method of instructional design. A Review mandates of the training Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to diversity of a region because of the and animals Hakaluki haor has something successful training needs analysis will identify institutions on Rio Conventions reduce greenhouse gas emissions and iii) UN convention to peculiarities of its flora and fauna. It regularly more special for the bird lovers. Presence of those who need training and what kind of obligations; combat desertification. supports about 20,000 waterfowl. It regularly birds of many different species adds life to this training is needed. It is counter-productive to A quick overview of existing training supports substantial numbers of individuals haor. 417 species of apes have been spotted offer training to individuals who do not need it programmes; With the help of UNDP and GEF, Department of Environment from particular groups of waterfowl, indicative here among which 26 are totally threatened, 2 or to offer the wrong kind of training. A Areas covered by the Rio Conventions has taken a project which is working on capacity building and of wetland values, productivity or diversity. are vulnerable, and 10 are endangered and 14 training needs analysis helps to put the training and its obligations in the existing course institutional development through improving biodiversity, critically endangered species. Besides local resources to good use. curricula and identification of gap if any climate change and land degradation of the country. Hakaluki Hakaluki Haor is situated in the eastern part of birds many migratory birds visit this area in exists; Haor is a marsh wetland ecological system of Eastern Bangladesh adjacent to the Assam-Bangladesh winter. The numbers of migratory birds are Hakaluki haor is a neglected area that affected Scope of integrating the Rio Conventions Bangladesh in an area bordering Assam, India where piloting border. 5 upzillas comprise this haor's total increasing every year. As a result Hakaluki with land degraded, biodiversity lost and obligations and present responses of of this project will be held. It is one of Bangladesh’s largest area. 3 of them Kulaura, Juri and Baralekha are haor has become a significant site for bird climate change, there is no proper initiative to Bangladesh to Rio Conventions and one of Asia’s larger marsh wetland resources. Some under district. While the other 2 watching. Wide variety of waterfowl seen here protect biodiversity, land degradation and obligations; 190,000 people live in the surrounding Hakaluki Haor area. upzillas Golapganj and Fenchuganj are under is one of the main attractions. climate change in this area. Some capacity Scope of creating any new course on the division. It covers a large surface area of building activities done by some developing Rio; and Hakaluki Haor was designated an Ecologically Critical Area about 181.15 km2. Around 40% of this land In the recent time has become a fast-degraded organizations, most of them were on IGAs. Identification of the scope of networking (ECA). It’s also a protected Ramsar site of international falls in the territory of Baralekha upzilla. This landscape and facing increased pressure and with other national training institutions. importance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of huge land coverage makes it Bangladesh's threats. Such rapid degradation of the wetland Rio project is working on to fulfill the wetlands. Hakaluki Haor located in greater Sylhet, the haor largest haor and one of Asia's larger wetlands. ecology is causing devastating consequences obligation of three Rio conventions i.e. These will lead to development of training offers a very different type of ecosystem as well as a new set During rainy season, all the beels are united as on the community people living in, around and Convention on biological diversity, convention modules and training materials as resource base of management issues. The haor basin is an extensive alluvial one large lake, or haor, making Hakaluki Haor downstream of the Hakaluki Haor, who, for on UNFCCC and convention on land for the institutions, which will ultimately plain supporting a variety of wetland habitats. It contains the largest freshwater wetland in Bangladesh. generations, were dependent for their degradation and desertification. The project is strengthen institutional and technical capacities about 47 major and more than 6,000 beels, or The haor is mainly fed by the Juri/ Kantinala, livelihoods upon vital functions, services and a capacity building and institutional and skills for improved implementation of the freshwater lakes, nearly half of which are seasonal. Hakaluki Sonai/ Bordol, Damai. Fanai, and Kuiachara benefits provided by this wetland. About development project which is working on Rio Conventions.

7 Haor itself is a complex of more than 80 Rivers, out of which the Bordol/ Sonai, and 200,000 people live around the haor. All of capacity building and institutional inter-connecting beels located in the Maulvi Juuri/ Kantinala Rivers are originated in India. them, more or less, are dependent on the development for government organization. As Bazar district. During the dry season, the beels resources of the haor for their livelihoods. As Hakaluki haor is affected with environmental cover an area of approximately 4,400 ha. This haor basin supports numerous wetland the haor floods annually, settlements are problem associates with obligation of three However, during the rainy season, the entire habitats. Different types of plants are found clustered along its slightly raised fringes. On mother conventions i.e. Convention on area gets flooded, and the beels are united as here. Various known- unknown plants and rare ground of such threats and rapid degradation of biological diversity, convention on UNFCCC one large lake, or haor, with an area of aquatics adorn this area with shades of green. the resources and in recognition of the urgent and convention on land degradation and approximately 18,000 ha. This makes it the The abundance of trees and herbs is surprising. need to protect the unique ecology and desertification , Rio project selected the area largest haor in Bangladesh. Some 190,000 The Hakaluki Haor supports a wide variety of biodiversity of the haor, Government of where Rio project activities will be people live surrounding Hakaluki haor area. agricultural and horticultural crops and fast Bangladesh has declared Hakaluki Haor as an implemented as piloting basis and environment Hakaluki haor is a highly significant site for a growing introduced timber species. A 'Ecologically Critical Area' (ECA) under the sector is selected as piloting sector. wide variety of waterfowl. It is important for significant number of medicinal plants is also provision of the Bangladesh Environment wintering migratory birds. Its overall found in the Haor. It provides sanctuary to Conservation Act in 1999 (CNRS, 2002). 1.2 Objectives of the Study significance is perhaps best expressed with many species of animals and birds including reference to the various criteria for inclusion as some very rare kinds – already declared as Today's work environment requires employees The major objective of the assessment is to a Ramsar site. It is a particularly good threatened, vulnerable, endangered and to be skilled in performing complex tasks in an strengthen institutional and technical capacities representative example of a wetland which critically endangered species. efficient, cost-effective, and safe manner. and skills of core public training institutions for 1.1 Background and Overview plays a substantial hydrological, biological or Training is needed when employees are not improved implementation of the Rio ecological role in the natural functioning of a A total of 558 species of animal and birds have performing up to a certain standard or at an Conventions. Other objectives to this end Rio convention is popularly known as ‘Earth Summit’. The major river basin; It supports an appreciable been identified here. Amphibians, reptiles, expected level of performance. The difference include, outcomes of the conference were three important assemblage of rare, vulnerable or endangered apes and mammals all of them enrich the between actual the actual level of job conventions; i) the UN Convention on Biological Diversity species of plant or animal, or an appreciable biodiversity of this haor region. Among these performance and the expected level of job An overview of the Rio Conventions (CBD) focused on biological aspects of the earth with a number of individuals of any one or more of animals are the freshwater Turtle and Tortoises, performance indicates a need for training. The obligations to the nation and actions taken in special attention to protection, conservation and sustainable these species. It is of special value for Otters, Capped Langur, Pallas's Fish Eagle, identification of training needs is the first step response to those obligations management of biological resources; ii) the UN Framework maintaining the genetic and ecological dolphin, snakes and many more. Besides trees in a uniform method of instructional design. A Review mandates of the training Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to diversity of a region because of the and animals Hakaluki haor has something successful training needs analysis will identify institutions on Rio Conventions reduce greenhouse gas emissions and iii) UN convention to peculiarities of its flora and fauna. It regularly more special for the bird lovers. Presence of those who need training and what kind of obligations; combat desertification. supports about 20,000 waterfowl. It regularly birds of many different species adds life to this training is needed. It is counter-productive to A quick overview of existing training supports substantial numbers of individuals haor. 417 species of apes have been spotted offer training to individuals who do not need it programmes; With the help of UNDP and GEF, Department of Environment from particular groups of waterfowl, indicative here among which 26 are totally threatened, 2 or to offer the wrong kind of training. A Areas covered by the Rio Conventions has taken a project which is working on capacity building and of wetland values, productivity or diversity. are vulnerable, and 10 are endangered and 14 training needs analysis helps to put the training and its obligations in the existing course institutional development through improving biodiversity, critically endangered species. Besides local resources to good use. curricula and identification of gap if any climate change and land degradation of the country. Hakaluki Hakaluki Haor is situated in the eastern part of birds many migratory birds visit this area in exists; Haor is a marsh wetland ecological system of Eastern Bangladesh adjacent to the Assam-Bangladesh winter. The numbers of migratory birds are Hakaluki haor is a neglected area that affected Scope of integrating the Rio Conventions Bangladesh in an area bordering Assam, India where piloting border. 5 upzillas comprise this haor's total increasing every year. As a result Hakaluki with land degraded, biodiversity lost and obligations and present responses of of this project will be held. It is one of Bangladesh’s largest area. 3 of them Kulaura, Juri and Baralekha are haor has become a significant site for bird climate change, there is no proper initiative to Bangladesh to Rio Conventions and one of Asia’s larger marsh wetland resources. Some under . While the other 2 watching. Wide variety of waterfowl seen here protect biodiversity, land degradation and obligations; 190,000 people live in the surrounding Hakaluki Haor area. upzillas Golapganj and Fenchuganj are under is one of the main attractions. climate change in this area. Some capacity Scope of creating any new course on the . It covers a large surface area of building activities done by some developing Rio; and Hakaluki Haor was designated an Ecologically Critical Area about 181.15 km2. Around 40% of this land In the recent time has become a fast-degraded organizations, most of them were on IGAs. Identification of the scope of networking (ECA). It’s also a protected Ramsar site of international falls in the territory of Baralekha upzilla. This landscape and facing increased pressure and with other national training institutions. importance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of huge land coverage makes it Bangladesh's threats. Such rapid degradation of the wetland Rio project is working on to fulfill the wetlands. Hakaluki Haor located in greater Sylhet, the haor largest haor and one of Asia's larger wetlands. ecology is causing devastating consequences obligation of three Rio conventions i.e. These will lead to development of training offers a very different type of ecosystem as well as a new set During rainy season, all the beels are united as on the community people living in, around and Convention on biological diversity, convention modules and training materials as resource base of management issues. The haor basin is an extensive alluvial one large lake, or haor, making Hakaluki Haor downstream of the Hakaluki Haor, who, for on UNFCCC and convention on land for the institutions, which will ultimately plain supporting a variety of wetland habitats. It contains the largest freshwater wetland in Bangladesh. generations, were dependent for their degradation and desertification. The project is strengthen institutional and technical capacities about 47 major haors and more than 6,000 beels, or The haor is mainly fed by the Juri/ Kantinala, livelihoods upon vital functions, services and a capacity building and institutional and skills for improved implementation of the freshwater lakes, nearly half of which are seasonal. Hakaluki Sonai/ Bordol, Damai. Fanai, and Kuiachara benefits provided by this wetland. About development project which is working on Rio Conventions.

8 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance Haor itself is a complex of more than 80 Rivers, out of which the Bordol/ Sonai, and 200,000 people live around the haor. All of capacity building and institutional inter-connecting beels located in the Maulvi Juuri/ Kantinala Rivers are originated in India. them, more or less, are dependent on the development for government organization. As Bazar district. During the dry season, the beels resources of the haor for their livelihoods. As Hakaluki haor is affected with environmental cover an area of approximately 4,400 ha. This haor basin supports numerous wetland the haor floods annually, settlements are problem associates with obligation of three However, during the rainy season, the entire habitats. Different types of plants are found clustered along its slightly raised fringes. On mother conventions i.e. Convention on area gets flooded, and the beels are united as here. Various known- unknown plants and rare ground of such threats and rapid degradation of biological diversity, convention on UNFCCC one large lake, or haor, with an area of aquatics adorn this area with shades of green. the resources and in recognition of the urgent and convention on land degradation and approximately 18,000 ha. This makes it the The abundance of trees and herbs is surprising. need to protect the unique ecology and desertification , Rio project selected the area largest haor in Bangladesh. Some 190,000 The Hakaluki Haor supports a wide variety of biodiversity of the haor, Government of where Rio project activities will be people live surrounding Hakaluki haor area. agricultural and horticultural crops and fast Bangladesh has declared Hakaluki Haor as an implemented as piloting basis and environment Hakaluki haor is a highly significant site for a growing introduced timber species. A 'Ecologically Critical Area' (ECA) under the sector is selected as piloting sector. wide variety of waterfowl. It is important for significant number of medicinal plants is also provision of the Bangladesh Environment wintering migratory birds. Its overall found in the Haor. It provides sanctuary to Conservation Act in 1999 (CNRS, 2002). 1.2 Objectives of the Study significance is perhaps best expressed with many species of animals and birds including reference to the various criteria for inclusion as some very rare kinds – already declared as Today's work environment requires employees The major objective of the assessment is to a Ramsar site. It is a particularly good threatened, vulnerable, endangered and to be skilled in performing complex tasks in an strengthen institutional and technical capacities representative example of a wetland which critically endangered species. efficient, cost-effective, and safe manner. and skills of core public training institutions for 1.1 Background and Overview plays a substantial hydrological, biological or Training is needed when employees are not improved implementation of the Rio ecological role in the natural functioning of a A total of 558 species of animal and birds have performing up to a certain standard or at an Conventions. Other objectives to this end Rio convention is popularly known as ‘Earth Summit’. The major river basin; It supports an appreciable been identified here. Amphibians, reptiles, expected level of performance. The difference include, outcomes of the conference were three important assemblage of rare, vulnerable or endangered apes and mammals all of them enrich the between actual the actual level of job conventions; i) the UN Convention on Biological Diversity species of plant or animal, or an appreciable biodiversity of this haor region. Among these performance and the expected level of job An overview of the Rio Conventions (CBD) focused on biological aspects of the earth with a number of individuals of any one or more of animals are the freshwater Turtle and Tortoises, performance indicates a need for training. The obligations to the nation and actions taken in special attention to protection, conservation and sustainable these species. It is of special value for Otters, Capped Langur, Pallas's Fish Eagle, identification of training needs is the first step response to those obligations management of biological resources; ii) the UN Framework maintaining the genetic and ecological dolphin, snakes and many more. Besides trees in a uniform method of instructional design. A • Review mandates of the training Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to diversity of a region because of the and animals Hakaluki haor has something successful training needs analysis will identify institutions on Rio Conventions reduce greenhouse gas emissions and iii) UN convention to peculiarities of its flora and fauna. It regularly more special for the bird lovers. Presence of those who need training and what kind of obligations; combat desertification. supports about 20,000 waterfowl. It regularly birds of many different species adds life to this training is needed. It is counter-productive to • A quick overview of existing training supports substantial numbers of individuals haor. 417 species of apes have been spotted offer training to individuals who do not need it programmes; With the help of UNDP and GEF, Department of Environment from particular groups of waterfowl, indicative here among which 26 are totally threatened, 2 or to offer the wrong kind of training. A • Areas covered by the Rio Conventions has taken a project which is working on capacity building and of wetland values, productivity or diversity. are vulnerable, and 10 are endangered and 14 training needs analysis helps to put the training and its obligations in the existing course institutional development through improving biodiversity, critically endangered species. Besides local resources to good use. curricula and identification of gap if any climate change and land degradation of the country. Hakaluki Hakaluki Haor is situated in the eastern part of birds many migratory birds visit this area in exists; Haor is a marsh wetland ecological system of Eastern Bangladesh adjacent to the Assam-Bangladesh winter. The numbers of migratory birds are Hakaluki haor is a neglected area that affected • Scope of integrating the Rio Conventions Bangladesh in an area bordering Assam, India where piloting border. 5 upzillas comprise this haor's total increasing every year. As a result Hakaluki with land degraded, biodiversity lost and obligations and present responses of of this project will be held. It is one of Bangladesh’s largest area. 3 of them Kulaura, Juri and Baralekha are haor has become a significant site for bird climate change, there is no proper initiative to Bangladesh to Rio Conventions and one of Asia’s larger marsh wetland resources. Some under Moulvibazar district. While the other 2 watching. Wide variety of waterfowl seen here protect biodiversity, land degradation and obligations; 190,000 people live in the surrounding Hakaluki Haor area. upzillas Golapganj and Fenchuganj are under is one of the main attractions. climate change in this area. Some capacity • Scope of creating any new course on the Sylhet division. It covers a large surface area of building activities done by some developing Rio; and Hakaluki Haor was designated an Ecologically Critical Area about 181.15 km2. Around 40% of this land In the recent time has become a fast-degraded organizations, most of them were on IGAs. • Identification of the scope of networking (ECA). It’s also a protected Ramsar site of international falls in the territory of Baralekha upzilla. This landscape and facing increased pressure and with other national training institutions. importance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of huge land coverage makes it Bangladesh's threats. Such rapid degradation of the wetland Rio project is working on to fulfill the wetlands. Hakaluki Haor located in greater Sylhet, the haor largest haor and one of Asia's larger wetlands. ecology is causing devastating consequences obligation of three Rio conventions i.e. These will lead to development of training offers a very different type of ecosystem as well as a new set During rainy season, all the beels are united as on the community people living in, around and Convention on biological diversity, convention modules and training materials as resource base of management issues. The haor basin is an extensive alluvial one large lake, or haor, making Hakaluki Haor downstream of the Hakaluki Haor, who, for on UNFCCC and convention on land for the institutions, which will ultimately plain supporting a variety of wetland habitats. It contains the largest freshwater wetland in Bangladesh. generations, were dependent for their degradation and desertification. The project is strengthen institutional and technical capacities about 47 major haors and more than 6,000 beels, or The haor is mainly fed by the Juri/ Kantinala, livelihoods upon vital functions, services and a capacity building and institutional and skills for improved implementation of the freshwater lakes, nearly half of which are seasonal. Hakaluki Sonai/ Bordol, Damai. Fanai, and Kuiachara benefits provided by this wetland. About development project which is working on Rio Conventions.

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 9 Haor itself is a complex of more than 80 Rivers, out of which the Bordol/ Sonai, and 200,000 people live around the haor. All of capacity building and institutional inter-connecting beels located in the Maulvi Juuri/ Kantinala Rivers are originated in India. them, more or less, are dependent on the development for government organization. As Bazar district. During the dry season, the beels resources of the haor for their livelihoods. As Hakaluki haor is affected with environmental cover an area of approximately 4,400 ha. This haor basin supports numerous wetland the haor floods annually, settlements are problem associates with obligation of three However, during the rainy season, the entire habitats. Different types of plants are found clustered along its slightly raised fringes. On mother conventions i.e. Convention on area gets flooded, and the beels are united as here. Various known- unknown plants and rare ground of such threats and rapid degradation of biological diversity, convention on UNFCCC one large lake, or haor, with an area of aquatics adorn this area with shades of green. the resources and in recognition of the urgent and convention on land degradation and approximately 18,000 ha. This makes it the The abundance of trees and herbs is surprising. need to protect the unique ecology and desertification , Rio project selected the area largest haor in Bangladesh. Some 190,000 The Hakaluki Haor supports a wide variety of biodiversity of the haor, Government of where Rio project activities will be people live surrounding Hakaluki haor area. agricultural and horticultural crops and fast Bangladesh has declared Hakaluki Haor as an implemented as piloting basis and environment Hakaluki haor is a highly significant site for a growing introduced timber species. A 'Ecologically Critical Area' (ECA) under the sector is selected as piloting sector. wide variety of waterfowl. It is important for significant number of medicinal plants is also provision of the Bangladesh Environment wintering migratory birds. Its overall found in the Haor. It provides sanctuary to Conservation Act in 1999 (CNRS, 2002). 1.2 Objectives of the Study significance is perhaps best expressed with many species of animals and birds including reference to the various criteria for inclusion as some very rare kinds – already declared as Today's work environment requires employees The major objective of the assessment is to a Ramsar site. It is a particularly good threatened, vulnerable, endangered and to be skilled in performing complex tasks in an strengthen institutional and technical capacities representative example of a wetland which critically endangered species. efficient, cost-effective, and safe manner. and skills of core public training institutions for 1.1 Background and Overview plays a substantial hydrological, biological or Training is needed when employees are not improved implementation of the Rio ecological role in the natural functioning of a A total of 558 species of animal and birds have performing up to a certain standard or at an Conventions. Other objectives to this end Rio convention is popularly known as ‘Earth Summit’. The major river basin; It supports an appreciable been identified here. Amphibians, reptiles, expected level of performance. The difference include, outcomes of the conference were three important assemblage of rare, vulnerable or endangered apes and mammals all of them enrich the between actual the actual level of job conventions; i) the UN Convention on Biological Diversity species of plant or animal, or an appreciable biodiversity of this haor region. Among these performance and the expected level of job An overview of the Rio Conventions (CBD) focused on biological aspects of the earth with a number of individuals of any one or more of animals are the freshwater Turtle and Tortoises, performance indicates a need for training. The obligations to the nation and actions taken in special attention to protection, conservation and sustainable these species. It is of special value for Otters, Capped Langur, Pallas's Fish Eagle, identification of training needs is the first step response to those obligations management of biological resources; ii) the UN Framework maintaining the genetic and ecological dolphin, snakes and many more. Besides trees in a uniform method of instructional design. A Review mandates of the training Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to diversity of a region because of the and animals Hakaluki haor has something successful training needs analysis will identify institutions on Rio Conventions reduce greenhouse gas emissions and iii) UN convention to peculiarities of its flora and fauna. It regularly more special for the bird lovers. Presence of those who need training and what kind of obligations; combat desertification. supports about 20,000 waterfowl. It regularly birds of many different species adds life to this training is needed. It is counter-productive to A quick overview of existing training supports substantial numbers of individuals haor. 417 species of apes have been spotted offer training to individuals who do not need it programmes; With the help of UNDP and GEF, Department of Environment from particular groups of waterfowl, indicative here among which 26 are totally threatened, 2 or to offer the wrong kind of training. A Areas covered by the Rio Conventions has taken a project which is working on capacity building and of wetland values, productivity or diversity. are vulnerable, and 10 are endangered and 14 training needs analysis helps to put the training and its obligations in the existing course institutional development through improving biodiversity, critically endangered species. Besides local resources to good use. curricula and identification of gap if any climate change and land degradation of the country. Hakaluki Hakaluki Haor is situated in the eastern part of birds many migratory birds visit this area in exists; Haor is a marsh wetland ecological system of Eastern Bangladesh adjacent to the Assam-Bangladesh winter. The numbers of migratory birds are Hakaluki haor is a neglected area that affected Scope of integrating the Rio Conventions Bangladesh in an area bordering Assam, India where piloting border. 5 upzillas comprise this haor's total increasing every year. As a result Hakaluki with land degraded, biodiversity lost and obligations and present responses of of this project will be held. It is one of Bangladesh’s largest area. 3 of them Kulaura, Juri and Baralekha are haor has become a significant site for bird climate change, there is no proper initiative to Bangladesh to Rio Conventions and one of Asia’s larger marsh wetland resources. Some under Moulvibazar district. While the other 2 watching. Wide variety of waterfowl seen here protect biodiversity, land degradation and obligations; 190,000 people live in the surrounding Hakaluki Haor area. upzillas Golapganj and Fenchuganj are under is one of the main attractions. climate change in this area. Some capacity Scope of creating any new course on the Sylhet division. It covers a large surface area of building activities done by some developing Rio; and Hakaluki Haor was designated an Ecologically Critical Area about 181.15 km2. Around 40% of this land In the recent time has become a fast-degraded organizations, most of them were on IGAs. Identification of the scope of networking (ECA). It’s also a protected Ramsar site of international falls in the territory of Baralekha upzilla. This landscape and facing increased pressure and with other national training institutions. importance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of huge land coverage makes it Bangladesh's threats. Such rapid degradation of the wetland Rio project is working on to fulfill the wetlands. Hakaluki Haor located in greater Sylhet, the haor largest haor and one of Asia's larger wetlands. ecology is causing devastating consequences obligation of three Rio conventions i.e. These will lead to development of training offers a very different type of ecosystem as well as a new set During rainy season, all the beels are united as on the community people living in, around and Convention on biological diversity, convention modules and training materials as resource base of management issues. The haor basin is an extensive alluvial one large lake, or haor, making Hakaluki Haor downstream of the Hakaluki Haor, who, for on UNFCCC and convention on land for the institutions, which will ultimately plain supporting a variety of wetland habitats. It contains the largest freshwater wetland in Bangladesh. generations, were dependent for their degradation and desertification. The project is strengthen institutional and technical capacities about 47 major haors and more than 6,000 beels, or The haor is mainly fed by the Juri/ Kantinala, livelihoods upon vital functions, services and a capacity building and institutional and skills for improved implementation of the freshwater lakes, nearly half of which are seasonal. Hakaluki Sonai/ Bordol, Damai. Fanai, and Kuiachara benefits provided by this wetland. About development project which is working on Rio Conventions.

10 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance CHAPTER 2

2.1 Methodology and Approach Organizations

To complete the assessment report and current Following organizations were visited for this skillset different base materials were collected need assessment purpose: from different organizations. Considering the time constrains a quick methodology was 1) Bangladesh Public Administration adopted in this assessment process. This Training Centre (BAPTC), Savar, included literature reviews/ desk studies and Dhaka stakeholders consultation in the light of 2) Bangladesh Civil Service UNDP’s “Practitioner’s Guide: Capacity Administration Academy (BCSAA), Development for Environmental Shahbag, Dhaka Sustainability” (UNDP, 2011), but not strictly 3) The Judicial Administration Training based on it. The review process also included Institute (JATI), College Road, Dhaka some of the past project reports on institution 4) National Academy for Training and and capacity development of biodiversity Development (NAPD), Nilkhet , Dhaka conservation and management (Mitchell et al., Bangladesh Institute of Administration 2004; Catterson and Alam, 2009) with a 5) and Management (BIAM), Moghbazar, special emphasis on NCSA (MoEF, 2007), Dhaka Report on Capacity Development Action Plan National Academy for Educational by MoEF with support from ADB (MoEF, 6) management (NAEM), Dhanmondi, 2015) and SDG (UN, 2016). Public Dhaka Administration Training Policy of Bangladesh National Agriculture Training Academy Government (BAPT, 2017) was also reviewed. 7) (NATA), Gazipur The desk studies included content analysis of Bangladesh Academy for Rural respective organizations and related websites 8) Development (BARD), Koatbari, visit. Comilla Rural Development Academy (RDA), 2.2 Stakeholders’ Consultations 9) Bogra

Stakeholders’ consultations included visit to the training organizations, consultation with the resource persons of the organizations and existing physical facilities of the organizations. Discussions on existing course contents and delivery mechanisms enable us to understand the individuals’ capacities of the organizations.

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 11 CHAPTER 3 Findings of the Need Assessment and Gap Analysis

3.1 Gap analysis: UNCBD

Analyses of desired capacities against existing challenges can identify priority areas in capacities help to identify the capacity needs capacity development needs. Findings of the at individual and organization levels. For each capacity needs for different organizations are capacity, putting of (a) capacity assets, i.e., given in Table below. strengths, and (b) gaps, weaknesses and

Name of the Capacity Assets Gaps, Weakness- Capacity Development Organization (Strengths) es and Challenges Needs

Bangladesh Mandated for Rio Conventions Integrate CBD, its Public capacity are absent in most obligations, responses of Administration development with of the courses; Bangladesh; related Training physical facilities, Most of the staff protocols, best practices in Centre manpower and members are not FTC; CBD obligations and (BPATC) budgetary aware of CBD SDG in Advanced Course on provisions; Apex obligations and Administration and training national Development (ACAD). organization, others achievements; CBD obligations in Project follow it for little scope of Management, and Foundation Training changing of Environment Management Course modules. on-going modules course. Introduction of new There are always and allocation of course on CBD with other opportunities to time in set Rio Conventions introduce new modules courses.

Bangladesh Mandated for Rio Conventions Integrate CBD, its obliga- Civil Service capacity are absent in most tions, responses of Bangla- Administration development with of the courses; desh; related protocols, best Academy physical facilities, Most of the staff practices in FTC, Course on (BCSAA) manpower and members are not Law and Administration budgetary aware of CBD (L&A); CBD and Bangla- provisions. There obligations and desh in Governance Course are always national for DC fit list, and CBD with opportunities to achievements; little NBSAP in introduce new scope of changing Masters Course in Public courses. of on-going Policy and Management modules and (MPPM); Introduction of allocation of time new course on CBD with in set modules other Rio Conventions

12 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance Name of the Capacity Assets Gaps, Capacity Development Organization (Strengths) Weaknesses and Needs Challenges

The Judicial Mandated for Rio Conventions Administration capacity are absent in most Training development with of the courses; Institute (JATI) physical facilities, Most of the staff manpower and members are not budgetary aware of CBD provisions. There obligations and are always national opportunities to achievements; introduce new little scope of courses. modifications and allocation of time in set modules

National Mandated for Rio Conventions Integrate CBD, its obliga- Academy for capacity are absent in most tions, responses of Bangla- Planning and development with of the courses; desh, best practices in FTC, Development physical facilities, Most of the staff Project Appraisal, EIA and (NAPD) manpower and members are not Formulation of DPP, Post budgetary aware of CBD Graduate in Development provisions. There obligations and Planning course; Environ- are always national mental Issues for Project opportunities to achievements; little Management. Introduction introduce new scope of changing of new course on CBD with courses. of on-going other Rio Conventions modules and allocation of time in set modules

Bangladesh Mandated for Rio Conventions Institute of capacity are absent in most Administration development with of the courses; and physical facilities, Most of the staff Management manpower and members are not (BIAM) budgetary aware of CBD provisions obligations and national achievements; little scope of changing of on-going modules and allocation of time in set modules

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 13 Name of the Capacity Assets Gaps, Capacity Development Organization (Strengths) Weaknesses and Needs Challenges

National Mandated for Rio Conventions Academy for capacity are absent in most Educational development with of the courses; management physical facilities, Most of the staff (NAEM) manpower and members are not budgetary aware of CBD provisions obligations and national achievements; changing of on-going modules and allocation of time in set modules

National Mandated for Rio Conventions Integrate CBD, its obliga- Agriculture capacity are absent in all of tions, responses of Bangla- Training development with the current courses; desh; related protocols, best Academy physical facilities, Most of the staff practices in Climate Smart (NATA) manpower and members are not Agriculture course; Disaster budgetary aware about CBD Management course; Project provisions. There is obligations and Appraisal and Formulation of scope to introduce national Development Project Profor- new course. achievements; little ma (DPP), and Introduction scope of changing of new course on CBD with of on-going other Rio Conventions modules and allocation of time in set modules

Bangladesh Mandated for Rio Conventions Integrate CBD, its obliga- Academy for capacity are absent in most tions, responses of Bangla- Rural development with of the courses; desh; related protocols, best Development physical facilities, Most of the staff practices in Foundation (BARD) manpower and members are not Training Course (FTC); CBD budgetary aware of CBD obligations and SDG in provisions obligations and Poverty Alleviation courses; national Bio-safety rules and in Food achievements; Hygiene course; little scope of CBD obligations in Project changing of Management, and Environ- on-going modules ment Management course. and allocation of Introduction of new course time in set on CBD with other Rio modules Conventions

14 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance Name of the Capacity Assets Gaps, Weaknesses Capacity Development Organization (Strengths) and Challenges Needs Rural Mandated for Rio Conventions are Development capacity absent in most of the Academy development with courses; Most of the (RDA) physical facilities, staff members are not manpower and aware of CBD budgetary obligations and provisions national achievements; little scope of changing of on-going modules and allocation of time in set modules

3.2 Gap analysis: UNCCD exclusive or generally on the CCD. Most of the training institutes have a general focus on Public training institutes are the key ‘Environment’ as a whole in the training organizations to convey international programme. A total of 6 institutes, out of 8 instruments to young or senior officials. offers training topic on climate change. Unfortunately, CCD has not been addressed in Training institutes do have good focus on land public training systems, leaving off related topics, but only on legal aspects of land, Bangladesh from getting benefits of an leaving off its physical aspects. Land as a part improved management of land degradation. of natural resources has not been included in the curriculum. It has not been included from Content analysis of the manuals of 8 training desertification point of view either. Institutes institutes and indicates poor level of inclusion having climate change as a training component of the CCD in public training arrangements. do have touched the UNFCCC superficially, Information on training programme available but the CCD has no place in academic in the websites also do not mention anything activities of the training institutes.

Table: Level of inclusion of the CCD in Current Training Programs of Public Training Institutes Organization Environment as Climate Land CCD Any other a whole change convention/ protocol BARD yes Yes Yes No N/A BCSAA Yes Yes Yes No UNFCCC BIAM Yes Yes Yes No UNFCCC BPATC Yes No No No N/A NAEM Yes No No No N/A NAPD Yes Yes Yes No UNFCCC NATA Yes Yes Yes No UNFCCC RDA Yes Yes Yes No UNFCCC

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning15 3.3 Gap analysis: UNFCCC - Training Programs are needed: Concerned personals of these institutions do not have Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development Academy for Rural Development (BARD), enough knowledge on international and (BARD) provides training Course on: Climate Bangladesh Institute of Administration and national policy responses to climate change Change Issues and Its Adaptation, Contents: Management (BIAM), Dhaka National - Expertise Development: Trainers of these Mitigation and Adaptation. Other Courses Academy for Planning and Development institutions need trainings for enhancing their relvent to climate change includes (NAPD), and National Agricultural Training understandings and skills to provide further Environmental Impact Assessment of Rural Academy (NATA), provide number of course trainings. Development Projects (2 Weeks); Disaster and on climate change. On the other hand, - Training Modules: Training Modules for Environment Management (1 Week); Effects Bangladesh Civil Service Administration Trainers need to be developed initially with of Extreme Events of Climate Change on the Academy (BCSAA), Public Administration relevant experts Livelihoods of Coastal Areas of Bangladesh; Training Centre (BPATC), Rural Development - Participants Hand Book: Participants Hand Sustainable Development Goal; Farmers’ Academy (RDA) are offering limited number Book need to be developed through relevant Response to Natural Disasters in Chittagong of courses related to climate change. experts. Coastal Zone of Bangladesh. - Policy Approaches: Policy guidance is need to mainstream the climate change related Figure 1: Elaborates the intensity of climate contents in their courses trainings

NAPD BARD BPATC RDA

BIAM & NATA BCSAA

Public Training Institutes includes Public Training Institutes includes CC with Limited Approach CC with Narrow Approach

3.4 Need Analysis assigned for this report, visited these nine institutions and talked with relevant officials The previous sections identified the gaps and and trainers regarding climate change issues scope of nine public institutions to provide involved with training programs, for ensuring trainings related to climate change and this demand driven need assessment. Such section identifies the needs of these training consultations identify the following needs of institutions through consolations. Selected nine these institutions as follows: public training institutes have been consulted to understand the gaps and needs related to - Awareness Programs are needed: climate change relevant training contents, Concerned personals of these institutions are duration, trainers, target participants and mode not adequately aware about the basic science, of delivery, extensive visits. Consultant cause and consequences of climate change

16 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance - Training Programs are needed: Concerned personals of these institutions do not have enough knowledge on international and national policy responses to climate change - Expertise Development: Trainers of these institutions need trainings for enhancing their understandings and skills to provide further trainings. - Training Modules: Training Modules for Trainers need to be developed initially with relevant experts - Participants Hand Book: Participants Hand Book need to be developed through relevant experts. - Policy Approaches: Policy guidance is need to mainstream the climate change related trainings

assigned for this report, visited these nine institutions and talked with relevant officials and trainers regarding climate change issues involved with training programs, for ensuring demand driven need assessment. Such consultations identify the following needs of these institutions as follows:

- Awareness Programs are needed: Concerned personals of these institutions are not adequately aware about the basic science, cause and consequences of climate change

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 17 Bangladesh Centre for Scientific and Industrial endangered such as the Lesser Adjutant CHAPTER 4 Research (BCSIR) available to the (Leptoptilos javanicus) and Pallas Fish Eagle communities who would otherwise have had no (Haliaeetus leucoryphus). This general decline Major Interventions and Current Skillset knowledge of the existence of these training is largely a result of habitat degradation, but courses and of how to secure the training also because of on-going illegal hunting services provided by these departments. activities including the use of guns, nets, and poison. Caught birds are either eaten or sold in Supporting Resources local markets as a source of additional income usually for poorer families. The Project provided quite considerable 4.1 Community Based Haor and Studies (CNRS), the Bangladesh Center for supporting resources to the local communities. Ecosystem Restoration Floodplain Resource Management Advanced Studies (BCAS) and the Nature These included items such as planting materials The Convention on Wetlands of International project Conservation Management (NACOM). These used to re-establish areas of swamp forests, Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat organizations have strong grassroots links and materials for (Ramsar Convention) is directed toward the The Community Based Haor and Floodplain have been working in the areas selected for the conservation and wise use of wetland habitats, Resource Management project undertaken by pilot projects, prior to the commencement of 4.2 Eco-environmental Changes of as well as the conservation wetland fauna and IUCN Bangladesh Country Office (IUCNB) is SEMP. They provided the much-needed link Wetland Resources of Hakaluki haor flora including migratory species, especially between IUCNB and local communities. a component of the Sustainable Environmental in Bangladesh Using GIS Technology waterfowl. Management Programme (SEMP) of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) The Project successfully enhanced technical The main objective of this study is to 4.4 Strengthening and consolidation implemented by its Ministry of Environment skills in activities crucial for community-based investigate the eco-environmental changes of of community based Ecosystem and Forest (MoEF). It is an implementation wetland resource management in all the Hakaluki haor, one of the major wetland Conservation and Adaptation in ECA of activity of the National Environment participating communities. Trainings were resources of Bangladesh using GIS technology. Bangladesh is working nearly about three Management Action Plan (NEMAP) and is successfully provided in twelve key activities, From the time series data analysis by GIS years to improve the live and livelihood of the undertaken with the support of a grant from processes and issues as follows: technology, it is confirmed that wetland common people of the area. Under the project UNDP. The objective of SEMP is to build and ecosystems of Hakaluki haor is decreasing in the following training provided to the affected strengthen capacity in environmental 1. Plantation and swamp forest course of time due to sedimentation, irregular people of the Hakaluki haor. From this project management at the community, local area and regeneration rainfall and other related anthropogenic causes. 380 people were trained on different topics of national levels especially through enabling 2. Swamp nursery development and This decreasing trend is becoming serious due environment development and on IGAs. access by the poor to natural and environmental management to the lack proper management planning. resources, developing capacity to protect the 3. Accounts keeping and management Henceforth, this wetland eco-system is Trainings and Workshops Conducted during interests of the poor, and by exploring possible 4. Basic concepts of organizational degrading seriously which impacts on the October to December 2017 in Hakaluki Haor, changes to existing policies, laws and development bio-resources and biodiversity of the study Cox’s Bazar and Sonadia Island ECAs . institutions. The overall aim of SEMP is to curb 5. Capacity building on organizational areas. and where possible reverse the trend towards development and management 6. Women in wetlands environmental degradation, promote 4.3 An Integrated Environmental 7. Gender issues development that is sustainable, alleviate Assessment of Hakaluki Haor 8. Training of trainers on wetland resource poverty and enhance the quality of life. Ecosystem Using Dpsir Framework A management Case Study on Moulovibazar District The goal of Project is to establish and 9. Participatory monitoring and evaluation of Bangladesh mainstream participatory resource 10. Duck rearing management in hoar and floodplain ecosystems 11. Vegetable gardening The Objective of the project was Species through improving access by the poor, 12. Baira practice Conservation and ecosystem restoration: especially women, by building understanding and capacity for sustainable wetlands resource The Project was instrumental in making Species Conservation utilization. It is implemented in association training by Government Departments such as Birds - Overall bird numbers are declining at with three agencies acting as partners of that by the Department of Livestock, Fisheries, Hakaluki Haor and a significant number are IUCNB viz. the Center for Natural Resources Agriculture & Extension, and by the now vulnerable, threatened, and even critically

18 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance Bangladesh Centre for Scientific and Industrial endangered such as the Lesser Adjutant Research (BCSIR) available to the (Leptoptilos javanicus) and Pallas Fish Eagle communities who would otherwise have had no (Haliaeetus leucoryphus). This general decline knowledge of the existence of these training is largely a result of habitat degradation, but courses and of how to secure the training also because of on-going illegal hunting services provided by these departments. activities including the use of guns, nets, and poison. Caught birds are either eaten or sold in Supporting Resources local markets as a source of additional income usually for poorer families. The Project provided quite considerable 4.1 Community Based Haor and Studies (CNRS), the Bangladesh Center for supporting resources to the local communities. Ecosystem Restoration Floodplain Resource Management Advanced Studies (BCAS) and the Nature These included items such as planting materials The Convention on Wetlands of International project Conservation Management (NACOM). These used to re-establish areas of swamp forests, Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat organizations have strong grassroots links and materials for (Ramsar Convention) is directed toward the The Community Based Haor and Floodplain have been working in the areas selected for the conservation and wise use of wetland habitats, Resource Management project undertaken by pilot projects, prior to the commencement of 4.2 Eco-environmental Changes of as well as the conservation wetland fauna and IUCN Bangladesh Country Office (IUCNB) is SEMP. They provided the much-needed link Wetland Resources of Hakaluki haor flora including migratory species, especially between IUCNB and local communities. a component of the Sustainable Environmental in Bangladesh Using GIS Technology waterfowl. Management Programme (SEMP) of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) The Project successfully enhanced technical The main objective of this study is to 4.4 Strengthening and consolidation implemented by its Ministry of Environment skills in activities crucial for community-based investigate the eco-environmental changes of of community based Ecosystem and Forest (MoEF). It is an implementation wetland resource management in all the Hakaluki haor, one of the major wetland Conservation and Adaptation in ECA of activity of the National Environment participating communities. Trainings were resources of Bangladesh using GIS technology. Bangladesh is working nearly about three Management Action Plan (NEMAP) and is successfully provided in twelve key activities, From the time series data analysis by GIS years to improve the live and livelihood of the undertaken with the support of a grant from processes and issues as follows: technology, it is confirmed that wetland common people of the area. Under the project UNDP. The objective of SEMP is to build and ecosystems of Hakaluki haor is decreasing in the following training provided to the affected strengthen capacity in environmental Plantation and swamp forest course of time due to sedimentation, irregular people of the Hakaluki haor. From this project management at the community, local area and regeneration rainfall and other related anthropogenic causes. 380 people were trained on different topics of national levels especially through enabling Swamp nursery development and This decreasing trend is becoming serious due environment development and on IGAs. access by the poor to natural and environmental management to the lack proper management planning. resources, developing capacity to protect the Accounts keeping and management Henceforth, this wetland eco-system is Trainings and Workshops Conducted during interests of the poor, and by exploring possible Basic concepts of organizational degrading seriously which impacts on the October to December 2017 in Hakaluki Haor, changes to existing policies, laws and development bio-resources and biodiversity of the study Cox’s Bazar and Sonadia Island ECAs . institutions. The overall aim of SEMP is to curb Capacity building on organizational areas. and where possible reverse the trend towards development and management Women in wetlands environmental degradation, promote 4.3 An Integrated Environmental Gender issues development that is sustainable, alleviate Assessment of Hakaluki Haor Training of trainers on wetland resource poverty and enhance the quality of life. Ecosystem Using Dpsir Framework A management Case Study on Moulovibazar District The goal of Project is to establish and Participatory monitoring and evaluation of Bangladesh mainstream participatory resource Duck rearing management in hoar and floodplain ecosystems Vegetable gardening The Objective of the project was Species through improving access by the poor, Baira practice Conservation and ecosystem restoration: especially women, by building understanding and capacity for sustainable wetlands resource The Project was instrumental in making Species Conservation utilization. It is implemented in association training by Government Departments such as Birds - Overall bird numbers are declining at with three agencies acting as partners of that by the Department of Livestock, Fisheries, Hakaluki Haor and a significant number are IUCNB viz. the Center for Natural Resources Agriculture & Extension, and by the now vulnerable, threatened, and even critically

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 19 Training Name No of trainings Days Participants Remarks Strengthen VCG 5 (2 in Hakaluki, 20 persons Module 5X1 = Capacity on MCG 2 in Cox’s Bazar, in each development and 5days management 1 in Teknaf) batch impart training Module 10 ( 4 in 25 persons development, Training on Alternative Hakaluki, 3 in 10X2 = in each training materials livelihoods activities Cox’s Bazar, 3 in 20 days batch and impart Tekanf) training Training of the 5 (2 in Hakaluki, 15 – 20 Module 5X1 = 5 Volunteers to monitor 2 Cox’s bazaar persons in development and days MCG performance and 1 Teknaf) each batch impart training 4 ( 2 in Hakaluki, 15 persons Module Training for Eco-tour 4X1 = 4 1 in Cox’s bazaar, in each development and guide development days 1 in Teknaf) batch impart training Orientation on equipment’s; use for 4 trainings (HH 2, Module 4X1 = Each batch Watchtower Cox’s 1 and development and 4days 10 persons Management Committee Taknaf 1) impart training (30 persons) 6 half day events Orientation on VCC 20 VCG Module (3 in HH, 2 in 6 X = 6 utilization, multipurpose members in development and Cox’s Bazar, 1 in half days use and maintenance each batch impart training Teknaf) Sanctuary Management About 15 Module Trainings on wetland Committees are 4X2 = 8 participants development and sanctuary management trained in 4 days in each impart training batches (in batch Hakaluki) Orientation for Solar Irrigation Plant About 10 Management Committee 6 half day Module 6 X = 6 participants on Operation and orientations (4 in development and half days in each Maintenance; fee HH, 2 in Cox’s) impart orientation batch collection, Accounts keeping etc About 10 Module Train VCG members on 4 trainings (2 in 4X1 = 4 participants development, specimen collection and HH, 1 in Cox’s days in each materials and preservation and 1 in Taknef) batch impart training About 100 Workshop for 2 (1 in Sylhet/ 2X1 = 2 participants Organize the Dissemination of ECA Moulvibazar, 1 in days in each workshops Rules at District levels Cox’s Bazar) workshop Total (BDT)

20 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance 4.5 Under the Community Based management of wetlands and forests. Fisheries Management (CBFM-II) Project (2001−2007), a total of 130 community 4.7 Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity based organizations were established to Management Project manage 116 water bodies in 22 districts. Part of Hakaluki Haor () was The Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity included in this country wide venture supported Management Project (CWBMP), implemented by the USAID. Community based management by the Department of Environment from 2003 approach was introduced in the project sites, to 2011 was the first comprehensive initiative where different skill development initiatives, to focus only on management of selected like water body management, good ECAs, namely, Cox’s Bazar, Hakaluki Haor, governance, leadership and account keeping Sonadia Island and St. Martin’s Island. The were exercised to build the capacity of the project considered the major threats faced by fishermen’s organizations for wetland these ECAs: i) excess and unsustainable management. At the same time, alternative exploitation of biodiversity resources; ii) income generating options such as duck clearing of forests, including watershed; iii) rearing, vegetable production, livestock conversion and fragmentation of wetland and rearing, aquaculture and cage culture were forest ecosystems; iv) movement of large introduced to reduce people’s dependency on number of tourists and transportation; iv) natural resources. The project established hunting and poaching of birds and other sanctuaries for managing and enhancing wildlife; v) indiscriminate collection of shell, biodiversity of the wetlands. The initiative coral and shrimp fry; vi) pollution of habitats; showed improvement in wetland management vii) dry season water lifting from rivers in and in fish biodiversity by the communities. neighboring country India; and viii) climate change impacts. The initiative sensitized and 4.6 The Nishargo Support Project raised awareness of local communities and (2003−2008) was initiated by the secondary stakeholders in the light of these Bangladesh Forest Department with USAID’s threats and harnessed the opportunities to support and introduced the co-management overcome the challenges. approach in protected areas for wise use of natural resources. In continuation of this Governance has always been a major challenge initiative, USAID supported implementation of in natural resource management in Bangladesh. Integrated Protected Area Co-management Keeping that in mind, the CWBMP formed (IPAC) Project (2009−2012)8 in association village conservation groups (VCG) and ECA with the Bangladesh Forest Department and the Management Committees and linked them for Department of Fisheries to promote and effective monitoring and support on the institutionalize an integrated protected area ground. The project brought together relevant co-management system for sustainable natural stakeholders from union to national levels in resources management and biodiversity the ECA Management Committees to take conservation. A couple of ECAs, namely pragmatic, context specific actions for Hakaluki Haor and Teknaf Peninsula were respective ECA management, including included in this project, where activities to enforcement. This was further supported by reduce dependency of the local communities establishing Endowment Fund at the Upazila over natural resources and improvement of (sub-district) level, facilitating conservation biodiversity through conservation were efforts within the committees’ jurisdiction. implemented. The project revealed that by understanding the local context, a mix of strategies needed to be considered for better

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 21 4.8 Capturing the Experiences of linkages among the VCGs and the ECA Community Based Ecosystem Management Committees, from union to Conservation and Adaptation in national levels, for effective ECA management. Ecologically Critical Areas The CBA-ECA Project under took many To retain and strengthen CWBMP’s conservation initiatives at the ecosystem and conservation efforts in ECAs and to build the species levels, ranging from mangrove resilience of respective communities under restoration and sea turtle conservation on the changing climate, the Department of coast to swamp protection and aquatic Environment has implemented the sanctuaries in the haor. The Endowment Fund “Community Based Adaptation in the established under the CWBMP further Ecologically Critical Areas through facilitated conservation and ECA management Biodiversity Conservation and Social efforts in all ECA upazilas under the Protection Project (CBA-ECA Project)” CBA-ECA Project. To build community between 2010 and 2015. The CBA-ECA resilience through adaptation and mitigation, project has motivated communities and special initiatives were undertaken by enhanced their awareness, capacity and providing a wide range of technological organizations (Village Conservation Groups, support to the communities, like improved VCGs) for ECA management and biodiversity cooking stoves, solar home systems, solar conservation. Like its predecessor, the irrigation and desalinization plants, and CWBMP, it has further supported the submersible green belts. community organizations with grants to facilitate alternative income generation activities. The project has strengthened

22 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance CHAPTER 5 Conclusions

The fact that Hakaluki haor has been To conserve biodiversity and protect the natural designated as an Ecologically Critical Area resources of Hakaluki Haor the initiative and signifies its importance as a reservoir of measure should be taken which are swamp disappearing natural resources. By the findings forest restoration and conservation, sustainable of the need assessment, gap analysis it management of fisheries resources, production underscores the reality that that Hakaluki haor of wildlife, resources substitution for also constitutes an important source of natural conservation of wetland ecology, ensure capital, which yields high economic and alternative sources of income and development livelihood values to surrounding populations of community based organization. Government and the country as a whole. Where capacity should formulate appropriate policy and building on obligation of Rio conventions i.e. necessary law and should to create awareness Convention on biological diversity, convention among the people to preserving it biodiversity. on UNFCCC and convention on land It is also necessary to co-ordinate among degradation and desertification could be different Ministry, specially Ministry of applied to recover its biodiversity, climate Forestry and Environment, Ministry of water change and land degradation. resource, Ministry of land.

It is found that more than 80% of local By applying obligation of three Rio households depend on wetland resources, and conventions i.e. Convention on biological that the bulk of income-earning and livelihood diversity, convention on UNFCCC and opportunities in the area are wetland-based. convention on land degradation and The wetland also generates a series of desertification could recover its land economically important ecosystem services, degradation, biodiversity and climate change. which function to underpin, support and Through institutional development and safeguard essential production and capacity building of common people of the consumption processes. In total, it has been Hakaluki haor, Rio project can play a vital role estimated that Hakaluki haor is worth at least in the field of land degradation, biodiversity BDT 585 million, or an average of BDT and climate change. 48,000/hectare.

Assessment Report to Identify the Training Needs in District Level Planning 23 REFERENCE

CNRS (2002) Bio-physical and socio-economic characterization of Hakaluki haor: steps towards building community consensus on sustainable wetland resources management. IUCN-Nether- lands small grants for wetlands programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

24 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance