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WILDLIFE and RARE PLANT REPORT & BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

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WILDLIFE and RARE PLANT REPORT & BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION 1 Final Wildlife Report, Little Bear Salvage Project, Lincoln National Forest WILDLIFE and RARE PLANT REPORT & BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION Little Bear Salvage USDA Forest Service Smokey Bear Ranger District; Lincoln National Forest Lincoln County, New Mexico August 19, 2013 Prepared by: Larry Cordova District Wildlife Biologist 2 Final Wildlife Report, Little Bear Salvage Project, Lincoln National Forest TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Introduction/ Existing Conditions and Purpose and Need. 3 B. Description of the Proposed Action . .4 C. Project Conservation Measures and Best Management Practices. ..6 D. Species Evaluation and Determination . ...7 Management Indicator Species . .8 Other Wildlife: Merriam’s Turkey, Black Bear, Fisheries, etc . 14 Neotropical Migratory Birds (NTMB) . 18 Federal and State Listed Species . 25 Sensitive Plant Species . 26 Sensitive Wildlife Species . 28 D. Contacts/Contributors/Preparer …. .32 E. References . 33 F. Appendices A - B Appendix A: Sensitive Species…………….....………………………. 36 Appendix B: Management Indicator Species……………………………………….49 3 Final Wildlife Report, Little Bear Salvage Project, Lincoln National Forest A. INTRODUCTION/EXISTING CONDITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS The purpose of this “Wildlife, Fish and Rare Plant Report” is to disclose current habitat conditions that occur within the Little Bear Salvage Project. This report will analyze how the proposed action will affect animal, fish and plant species of concern within the project area. The scale of analysis or the area in which effects are addressed is an important factor in assessing cumulative effects. The analysis from this report will provide baseline knowledge to perform an informed selection of action to a decision maker. Existing Conditions and locale The project area is located in the Loma Grande area on the Lincoln National Forest, Smokey Bear Ranger District. The legal location is: T. 9 S., R. 12 E., sec. 25, 36; and T. 9 S., R. 13 E., sec. 30, 31. The project area includes portions of the stands listed in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of Stands Location Stand Acres 000162 1200 5 000165 0200,0300,0800,0900 134 000166 0400 16 Total 155 Slopes on most of the project area is <20 percent with few areas at 20 to 25 percent. Elevation of the project area ranges from approximately 8,240 to 8,600 feet. The hilltops are generally characterized by variable widths and gentle gradients. The hilltops of the southern portion of the project area are more mesa-like in character. All cutting units are outside 100-year floodplains. The project area is dominated by ponderosa pine forest and includes 3 cutting units totaling 155 acres. This represents 0.4 percent of the area burned by the Little Bear Fire on National Forest System lands (approx. 35,300 acres) and 0.3 percent of the total area burned by the Little Bear Fire (approx. 44,330 acres). The project area burned at moderate to high severity during the Little Bear Fire. The project area was seeded and mulched during the Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) efforts following the Little Bear Wildland Fire. The project area was selected because the units were easily accessible and additional infrastructure (i.e. roads) is not required. Other areas within the Little Bear Wildland Fire perimeter were less accessible or had potential issues related to heritage resources, watersheds, botany, general wildlife, northern goshawk post-fledgling family areas (PFAs) or MSO protected activity centers (PACs), steep slopes, or low tree volume. The area will have an increased threat of more severe wildfires into the future. Regenerating trees would have a higher risk of mortality if these areas experienced a reburn in the future due to high fuel loading. Purpose and Need The purpose of the project is to recover the economic value from trees burned in the Little Bear Wildland Fire and to reduce high fuel loads that could become a future hazard to life and properties including private property and natural and cultural resources. There is a need to provide local communities with opportunities for wood products before the value of dead and dying trees is diminished. There is also the need to break up the continuity of heavy fuels remaining in the area by removing the dead and dying trees before they fall and accumulate. The reduced fuel loading will lessen the probability of newly established 4 Final Wildlife Report, Little Bear Salvage Project, Lincoln National Forest trees being killed by a moderate-severity fire. The Little Bear Fire was started by a lightning strike on June 4, 2012. Full suppression tactics were employed; however, the fire grew to approximately 44,000 acres with the majority of the affected acres being on National Forest System (NFS) lands. The project area for this proposed action is within the Little Bear Fire burn perimeter and outside of the wilderness boundary. Burned area emergency treatments were completed on some NFS lands. This project area is in management area 1G as designated in the Lincoln National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan, or “Forest Plan”. Forest Plan guidance for salvage operations on the Lincoln National Forest “salvage harvesting operations will be prescribed as needed to meet conditions imposed by wildfire, insect or disease epidemics, blow down, or other catastrophes. Salvage prescriptions will consider timber salvage values, harvesting costs, and environmental impacts of the harvesting. The closing of all local roads not essential for management needs upon completion of sale. The proposed action would meet Forest Plan requirements for salvage timber sales and operations. B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION Two alternatives have been proposed for the Little Bear Salvage Project. The first alternative is no action and the second alternative would consists of salvaging burned trees and reducing the fuel load to protection the forest resources. Alternative 1, no action, the trees in the area over time will fall and create a high fuel concentration that would increase the potential for another wildfire in the future. Alternative 2, preferred alternative, includes the salvage of dead and dying trees within 3 cutting units totaling approximately 155 acres. Proposed treatment would follow all Lincoln National Forest Land Management Plan standards and guidelines. These standards and guidelines include retention of snags and down wood for wildlife. The proposed actions are consistent with Lincoln National Forest Direction. The northern goshawk management guidelines for ponderosa pine habitat were used to develop snag and downed woody material project design features. Harvest dead or dying trees with ≤20 percent green crown; merchantable timber would generally be ≥12 inches diameter at breast height (DBH), although smaller size classes may be considered for removal. Less desirable timber would include trees with split crowns, damaged trees, black- ened trees, and trees <12 inches DBH. Desired trees include ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir and white fir. A minimum of 3 snags per acre at ≥18 inches DBH and ≥30 feet in height would be retained. If at least three snags greater than 18 inches dbh are not available, the three largest snags or snags with obvious wildlife use will be retained. Retain 5-7 tons per acre of downed woody material within ponderosa pine stands to ensure adequate wildlife habitat. Favor the retention of logs greater than 12 inches midpoint diameter and 8 feet in length. When sufficient downed woody material doesn’t exist, suitable size snags may be felled or retained for down woody material recruitment. Slash would be lopped and scattered--slash volume and depth cannot be estimated until the timber cruise, which would occur following the decision. Locations of skid trails and landings would be designed based on Forest Service Manual 2430 to minimize soil erosion. 5 Final Wildlife Report, Little Bear Salvage Project, Lincoln National Forest Best management practices would reduce the risk of introducing noxious weeds into the project area (i.e. known populations would be flagged for avoidance; equipment being transported to and from the project area would be cleaned). Archaeological sites would be flagged for avoidance. Existing roads leading to and from the project area would be maintained at level 3 during the life of the project. By removing the dead trees, the intensity of future fires is reduced, hence protecting the seedlings/saplings that regenerate. Mechanical activity would break up the soil crust, and incorporate wood into the soil, improve nutrient cycling, and provide a microclimate for grass, forbs, shrubs and tree regeneration. Ponderosa pine snags can be expected to stand about 7-10 years, then they fall and become down logs. Large snags stand a few years longer than smaller snags. (Russell et al. 2006). Down logs are valuable for holding the soil, and providing nutrients and they decompose. Design criteria are in place to address the retention of snags and include leaving snags in excess of forest plan standards, for resource benefits. Existing downed woody material may be disturbed but will not be targeted for sale and will remain in place. Only existing roads will be used to implement this project. Seeding may take place on skid trails and landings if natural re-vegetation is unlikely to reestablish ground cover. Project Conservation Measures and Best Management Practices The following items would be implemented if Alternative two is chosen as the best management plan for the Little Bear Salvage Project. Sensitive and Native Plants If sensitive plant populations are located during operations, the sites will be identified on the ground and no thinning, burning, slash piling or other project activities will occur within a 50-foot radius around the sensitive plant until a botanist can be consulted. Require contractors to clean their heavy equipment used for project activities prior to entering National forest system land unless there is evidence the equipment was last operated in a weed-free area. Identify invasive plant infestations on the ground by flagging or other means so they can be avoided.
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