Ser Gibraltarino Estudo Exploratório Sobre a Cultura E Identidade Dos Residentes Em Gibraltar

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Ser Gibraltarino Estudo Exploratório Sobre a Cultura E Identidade Dos Residentes Em Gibraltar Ser gibraltarino Estudo exploratório sobre a cultura e identidade dos residentes em Gibraltar Sandra Regina Borges Gilotay Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Gestão Mestrado em Relações Interculturais Orientação científica: Professora Doutora Olga Magano Lisboa, 2018 Ser gibraltarino Estudo exploratório sobre a cultura e identidade dos residentes em Gibraltar Sandra Regina Borges Gilotay Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Gestão Mestrado em Relações Interculturais Orientação científica: Professora Doutora Olga Magano Lisboa, 2018 ii “Uma vida de escrita ensinou-me a desconfiar das palavras. As que parecem mais límpidas são muitas vezes as mais traidoras. Um destes falsos amigos é precisamente a palavra “identidade”. Acreditamos saber tudo o que ela quer dizer, e continuamos a confiar nela mesmo quando, insidiosamente, ela se põe a dizer o contrário.” (Maalouf, 2015: 17) iii Resumo Este estudo de investigação foi desenvolvido no intuito de conhecer a complexidade cultural, a construção e a afirmação identitária dos residentes de Gibraltar. Devido à sua diversidade cultural, social, linguística e religiosa, e por ser um território de pequena dimensão com uma ubicação geográfica estratégica, Gibraltar usufrui hoje de excelentes condições económicas e sociais. Tratando-se de um território dentro do continente europeu, onde ainda prevalecem certos vínculos coloniais, com um passado de conquistas e disputas de soberania (entre Espanha e Inglaterra), que ainda são percetíveis através da sua fronteira, despertou-nos a atenção o modo como os seus habitantes interagem e conjugam as suas múltiplas pertenças. No desenvolvimento teórico, procuramos retratar alguns dos eixos pertinentes para esta análise, nomeadamente as conceções de cultura, as interações sociais, as fronteiras sociais e culturais, formas de mestiçagem e hibridismo, a pluralidade cultural, a identidade e a integração social, para tentar perceber em que consiste a identidade dos residentes de Gibraltar e a conceção do ser gibraltarino. Em termos metodológicos, optámos por um estudo exploratório, devido à falta de trabalhos publicados anteriormente e concernentes à identidade gibraltarina, de caráter qualitativo, através da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a diferentes perfis de entrevistados/as residentes ou que trabalham em Gibraltar. Os resultados apontam para a importância que a diversidade cultural assume na construção da identidade gibraltarina. Considerando a imposição histórica das duas culturas, tanto a inglesa como a espanhola, e a influência das demais culturas dos residentes em Gibraltar, o gibraltarino encontrou uma forma particular de se integrar diante a sua própria diversidade cultural. Quanto mais diversificou a sua cultura mais complexificaram as formas identitárias, provocando, para além um sentimento comum entre os seus residentes, também um sentimento de partilha, de integração e tolerância, desprendendo também um sentimento de orgulho da sua própria diversidade. O ser gibraltarino é o resultado final das suas múltiplas pertenças que certamente continuarão a fazer parte da sua complexa forma de ser. Palavras-chave: identidade, Gibraltar, cultura, diversidade, mestiçagem iv Abstract This research study was developed in order to know the cultural complexity, construction and identity of the residents of Gibraltar. Due to its cultural, social, linguistic and religious diversity, and because it is a small territory with a strategic geographical location, Gibraltar now enjoys an excellent economic and social conditions. In the case of a territory within the European continent where certain colonial claims still prevail, with a history of conquests and sovereignty disputes (between Spain and England), which are still noticeable across its frontier, it calls to our attention by the way its residents interact and meld their multiple backgrounds. In the theoretical development, we have tried to describe some of the relevant axes for this analysis, such as, culture conceptions, social interactions, social and cultural borders, forms of mixture, cultural plurality, identity and social integration, to try to understand the identity of the residents of Gibraltar and the design of the Gibraltarian identity. In methodological terms, due to the lack of previously published works concerning the qualitative Gibraltarian identity, we opted for an exploratory study, through semi-structured interviews with residents of different backgrounds and workers in Gibraltar. The results point to the importance of cultural diversity in the construction of the Gibraltarian identity. Considering the historical imposition of both British and Spanish cultures plus the influence of the other cultures of the residents of Gibraltar, the Gibraltarian has found a particular way of integrating itself in the face of its own cultural diversity. The more they diversified their culture, the more complex the identity forms, in addition to a common feeling among their residents of a sense of sharing, integration and tolerance, giving a feeling of pride in their own diversity. The modern day Gibraltarian is the result of multiple backgrounds and cultures that will certainly continue to be part of a complex way of being. Keywords: identity, Gibraltar, culture, diversity, mixture. v Resumen Este estudio de investigación fue desarrollado con el fin de conocer la complejidad cultural, la construcción y la afirmación identitaria de los residentes de Gibraltar. Debido a su diversidad cultural, social, lingüística y religiosa, y por ser un territorio de pequeña dimensión con una ubicación geográfica estratégica, Gibraltar goza hoy de excelentes condiciones económicas y sociales. Tratándose de un territorio dentro del continente europeo donde aún prevalecen ciertos vínculos coloniales, con un pasado de conquistas y disputas de soberanía (entre España e Inglaterra), que aún son perceptibles a través de su frontera, nos ha despertado la atención el modo como sus habitantes interactúan y conjugan sus múltiples pertenencias. En el desarrollo teórico hemos intentado retratar algunos de los ejes pertinentes para este análisis, tales como las concepciones de cultura, las interacciones sociales, las fronteras sociales y culturales, formas de mestizaje e hibridismo, la pluralidad cultural, la identidad y la integración social, para intentar percibir en qué consiste la identidad de los residentes de Gibraltar y la concepción del ser gibraltareño. En términos metodológicos, optamos por un estudio exploratorio, debido a la falta de trabajos publicados anteriormente y concernientes a la identidad gibraltareña, de carácter cualitativo, a través de la realización de entrevistas semi estructuradas a diferentes perfiles de entrevistados/as residentes o que trabajan en Gibraltar. Los resultados apuntan a la importancia que la diversidad cultural asume en la construcción de la identidad gibraltareña. Considerando la imposición histórica de las dos culturas, tanto la inglesa como la española, además de la influencia de las otras culturas de los residentes en Gibraltar, el gibraltareño encontró una forma particular de integrarse frente a su propia diversidad cultural. Conforme más diversificó su cultura, más complejas lo hacían las formas identitarias, provocando, además de un sentimiento común entre sus residentes, también un sentimiento de compartir, de integración y tolerancia, desprendiendo un sentimiento también de orgullo de su propia diversidad. El ser gibraltareño es el resultado final de sus múltiples pertenencias que seguramente seguirán formando parte de su compleja forma de ser. vi Palabras clave: identidad, Gibraltar, cultura, diversidad, mestizaje vii Dedicatória Dedico este trabalho a duas pessoas que já não se encontram mais nesta dimensão da existência, mas que foram fontes de inspiração no meu caminho. Uma delas é meu pai, que partiu um pouco antes do término deste trabalho e que certamente estaria imensamente feliz por partilhar este momento tão especial comigo. Outra é minha avó Maria, o meu maior exemplo de pessoa. viii Agradecimentos Este trabalho não poderia ter sido concretizado sem ajuda de muitas pessoas, às quais deixo aqui expressa a minha mais profunda gratidão. À minha Orientadora Professora Doutora Olga Magano, sou imensamente grata, pela sua dedicação, paciência e experiência, e sobretudo, pela confiança depositada em mim, sem ela todas as dificuldades e limitações encontradas não poderiam ter sido superadas. Aos meus professores de mestrado, pelo enriquecimento académico, e aos meus colegas de que fizeram com que esta dissertação não tenha sido um percurso tão solitário, o meu especial agradecimento aos colegas Carlos, Manuela, Vera e Ana Cristina. Agradeço às pessoas de Gibraltar que me ajudaram neste projeto, como a Doutora Jennifer Ballantine, diretora da biblioteca Garrison, por sua orientações bibliográficas e históricas, bem como aos senhores William, Tito e Wallace, com dicas e conselhos. Aos meus familiares que, embora a distância, sempre estiveram presentes de alguma forma, e um especial agradecimento à minha família espanhola pelo imenso apoio e incentivo que tive de todos eles. Por último, o meu especial agradecimento às duas pessoas com quem mais partilho a minha vida, pois sem elas o meu caminho não seria tão iluminado, Frédéric, a minha melhor escolha, o meu cúmplice de caminhada, e Nicole Marie, por me permitir ser o que há de mais valioso na vida, ser mãe. ix Índice Resumo ................................................................................................................................
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