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SEPTEMBER I Sl62 the CITIZEN c EDITORIAL OPINION OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CITIZENS' COUNC I LS OF AMERICA Editor ...... _.. W. J. Simmons Managing Editor __ _. _... _ . . Richard D. Morphew Business Manager .. _ . . . . . Louis \V. Hollis Victory At Oxford (Editorial Board listed on page 15)

Volume 6, Numbu 11 . PubJ..U.bed monthly with. combiDcd July· It happened on , realization that this was happening August iuue at Jac:kson. MissiWppi. by The Cimcru' Council, Inc. 1962. in the United States - not in SecOnd-Oau mail privilezes aulboriud at Jadaoa. Misswippi. On that peaceful Sunday, as Hungary or East Berlin. early autumn's green and gold Surely th e cruelest and most Address all correspondence to: mingled in the slanting shadow, The Citizen unforgiveable act connected 315-25 Plaza Building of late afternoon, the quiet of with the invasion was the use Jacbon 1, Mississippi Oxford, Miss., was rudely broken of negro troops. Those who by anned might. ordered them to Orford knew The opinions e.xpres.ued in signed .rtic::les appearinJ herein do An American community felt the the feelings of Mississippians; DOl n-"Iy n-prnent official vie~"S of The Citiuns' Councils of AlDCrica. Official policy statements are plainly desJgnaled. shock of military invasionl thus, this action can only be The CibuP is not TeJPOnsible for unmJicited material submitted for pouible public:ation. All sw::h material should be IICICXIQ)panied Disturbances followed. Two constnled as an extreme provo­ by Il M!1f-addressed stamped eQ"-clope if Its return i5 desired. men were killed, hundreds of per­ cation, an ooert c1Jollenge to sons wounded, scores were taken riot, and a deliberate attempt prisoner. to humiliate a proud people. SUBSCRIPrION RATES Croups of students at the Uni­ Using negro troops for the oc- One Year~3.00 Two Yea:rs-45.50 versity of Mississippi were gassed Smgle copy ...... _. 35¢ cupation of Ole "liss will be bit­ 10 copies . . . _ ...... $2.50 without just provocation. terly resented by all Southerners Back issues. as available SOc each Large numbers of Ole Miss stu­ for years to come. There was no (Except for special i5su~l.OO) dents were forced out of their possible justification for this insult, SPECIAL GROUP AND BULK RATES dormitories by tear gas and nausea unless it be out of sheer terror of UPON REQUEST gas, only to be run down like the NAACP and the negro bloc Advertising rates and availabilities upon request rabbits by armed marshals. "I any vote in big cities of the North. were captured and imprisoned in The unlawful invasion and stockades, where they were held seizure of the University of ~lis­ CONTENTS without food or water for as long sissippi campus came despite the EDITORLAL QPtNlON 2 as 18 hours. fact that President Kennedy and Civil liberties were trampled in MlSSW,lPPI STILL SAYS 'NEVER'- his brother, the attorney general, Gov. Ross R. Barnett 6 the dust. had been implored not to take Searches were made, property such precipitous action. INTECRATlOS Is Co:MMlII'o"lnJ Is Acnox- Dr. :\ledIord Evans 10 was seized - without proper war­ Despite all appeals to reason, rants. however, they evidenced a fanati· Cover-Covemor of Mississippi acknowl. The beautiful Ole Miss camp~s cal zeal to do whatever was neces­ edges cheers from Ole Mis!> booster~ who greeted became an anned camp. Foxholes sary to put negro James \Ieredith him \\;th Rebel yells at the Ole ~liss-Houston football game. poclmarked the turf with ugly physically on the campus, although scars. his application for enrollment had Eyewitnesses were dazed by the (Continued on page 4 1

2 THE CITIZEN one state, none is immune. If the victory lie in other means. rights and liberties of one of our The origin of our immediate Victory At Oxford Union of 50 sovereign states can problem is political. Its roots are be ruthlessly crusbed, then the in the overriding design of the (Continued from page 2) by force of arms. rights and liberties of the other Kennedy Administration to bold been repeatedly rejected for good How long ,viII this be? How long 49 are in peril. the negro bloc vote in pivotal cause. can the Kennedys afford to be What sball we do bere in Mis­ Northern states. And the action was taken for one responsible for the permanent sissippi, in the face of the crisis Consider for a moment the di­ obvious reason: Meredith is a military occupation of a college which has been thrust upon us? lemma upon which the Kennedys negro! No one-not even the wild­ campus for the sake of a lone We shall stand like me~xactly have impaled themselves by the est liberal- would dream of the symbol which might prove attrac­ wbere we bave stood since the be­ armed invasion of Mississippi to Kennedys going to such extremes tive to negro bloc voters in the ginning! place oDe negro-temporarily-in to force a white student into a North? We shaU not yield one single one school. They have gained no university under any circum­ Clearly, the Oxford Campaign inch in our convictions on negro votes, for they had them all stances. was politically inspired. But the States' Rights and Racial In­ in the bag already. But they have ow that the Kennedys bave immature judgment of the brothers tegrity! Federal forces may alienated the South beyond all acted, let's take a look and see Kennedy in committing more than iwve occupied a portion of our hope of recoveryl who bas really won the victory. 30,000 troops to the Oxford area beloved state, but we shall Every Southerner now knows First, it must be clear that any is already backfiring. Already, it never bow to tyranny! that a vote for Kennedy is a vote claims that the segregation barrier is plain that the Kennedys stand Military occupation - e.ven by not only for integration, but for has been breached in Mississippi to lose much more from their Ox­ negro troops - is nothing new integration at bayonet-point! are patently spurious. ford foray than they could ever for the South. During the First The South is united as never be­ Ole Miss has not been in­ have hoped to gain. Reconstruction, all the Southern fore in its determination to insure tegrated! It has been inooded And what of other white colleges states were under military rule for that what happened at Oxford will and occupied by the United in Mississippi and the Deep South? 12 long years. But our forefathers never happen again in our land! States Anny, bllt Meredith is The same type military occupation never yielded, and in the end, they And clear-thinking people allover a prisoner on tlte campus. He at these schools would require up­ won their fight for States' Rights the country are \\rith us. is surrounded btl marshals who wards of a quarter-million troops and Racial Integrity. When the histories of our time live, eat and sleep with him. in Mississippi alone. And adding Certainly, we would never take are written, one fact ,viII stand If a man was ever segregated, the hundreds of elementary and up arms against our country, be forth as clear as the warm Southern that man is ! secondary schools to the total il­ it right or wrong (and in this in­ sunshine on that bright autumn lustrates the magnitude of the im­ The Mississippi Legislature made stance, we deem it grievously day: the state's official position abund­ possible task which would confront wrong! ). the Pentagon. The South Wall at Oxford! And we antly clear when it pointed out in Our remedy and the road to have ius! begun to fight! a recent resolution that Meredith Granted that the Kennedy Ad­ is the Kennedy. student. He was ministration has shown far more ------SUBSCRIBE NOW TO THE CITIZEN ------, placed on the University campus enthusiasm for sending troops to 315 Piau Build ing - Jackson. Mississippi I by illegal use of military forces, ~Iississippi than to ; even so, Yes! I want to receive THE CITIZEN every month! Payment is enclosed for my ~ and he is kept there only by Fed­ the problems posed are still in­ subscription as follows: I eral armed might. He is not a stu­ solvable. DOne Year-$3.00 0 Two years-$5.50 I dent of the State of Mississippi A vast groundswell of public o Check here if renewal I and has been, in effect, disowned reaction and indignation is build­ I (PLEASEPRINT) ______~~~------by the state. ing up against the Kennedys, not (NAME) I only in the South, but throughout I It is thus apparent that Meredith I will remain at Ole Miss only as the nation! (ADDRESS) I long as the Kennedy Adminis­ For thinking people real.ize that I (CITY a. STATE) I tration is willing to keep bim there if armed force can be used against ------~

4 THE CITIZEN SEPTEMBER 1962 5 Mississippi Still Says 'N.ever' ~ By Ross R. BAlL"'ElT Govemor of M Wiuippi In an historic television and radic address to the people of Mississippi "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, on , Governor Ross Barnett gave voice to tlte convictio~ nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively or of white AI ississippians. Here is the fuU text of Governor Barnett s to the peaple." message, a clear summary of Afississippi'$ position in the current crisis. These are not my words. This is the Tenth Amendment to the Con­ stitution of the United States. Ladies and gentlemen, my friends and fellow Mississippians: I speak convictions and principles of our Lest there be misgivings in some to you as your Governor in a solemn hour in the history of our great State­ fo refathers that they risked even quarters about the immediate in a solemn hour, indeed, in our nation's history. I speak to you now in the death to establish this now de­ status of the University of Missis· moment of our greatest crisis since the War Between the States. secrated Constitution as the Ameri­ sippi and other public schools, I can Way of Life and handed it to assure you that they will not be In the absence of Constitutional lending the power of the Federal us in trust as our sacred heritage closed if this can possibly be authority and without legislative government to the ruthless de- and for our preservation. avoided, but they will not be in· action an ambitious Federal mands of these agitators. The day of expediency is past. tegrated! government, employing naked and Thus we see our own Federal We must either submit to the un· As your Governor and Chief arbitrary power has decided to government teamed up with a lawful dictates of the Federal Executive of the Sovereign State deny us the right of self-determina· motley array of un.American pres. Government or stand up like men of ~Iississippi, I now call on every tion in the conduct of the affairs sure groups against us! This is the and tell them "neverr of our sovereign State. crisis we face today. public official and every private The day of reckOning has been citizen of our great State to join Having long since failed in their "Principles" is a little word. It delayed as long as possible. It is ,vith me in refuSing, in every legal efforts to conquer the indomitable is easy to speak and to spell and, and constitutional manner availa­ spirit of the people of Mississippi in print, is easily overlooked, but now upon us. Tilis is the day-and this is tile Ilour. ble, to submit to illegal usurpation and their unshakable will to pre· it is a word that is tremendous in of power by the Kennedy Admin· serve the sovereign majesty of our its import and meaning-

6 THE CITIZEN SEPTEMBER 19152 7 racial integrity of Olu people and guaranteed exclusive right to con­ which was reserved to the respec­ tions defended their liberties with institutions. Every man holding trol and regulate its own internal tive States pursuant to the terms blood and sweat and tears at Val­ of the Tenth Amendment; and public office sbould feel the same affairs. ley Forge, at Shiloh and at Vicks­ Wherea..t, we are now face to face hurg, in the Argonne, at Guadal­ way. This is the law of the State of with the direct usurpation of this E,'ery public official, including Mississippi. It is my sworn duty power by the Federal government canal and on the Heartbreak Hills myself, should be prepared to to uphold the laws of our great through the illegal use of judicial of Korea. make the choice tonight whether State. decree: Now, therefore, I. Ross R. Bar­ Our generation now faces this he will submit or whether he is The last hope of our Constitu­ nett, as Governor of the Sovereign new challenge to our liberties. willing to go to jail, if necessary, tional form of government rests in State of Mississippi, by authority The hurning question in the minds to keep faith with the people who the conscientious enforcement of vested in me. do hereby proclaim of all Americans today is whether, that the operation of the public have placed their 'welfare in his state laws and the perpetuation in this crisis, we will exhibit the hands. If there be any official who schools. universities and colleges of of the sovereignty of the states. the State of Mississippi is vested same courage, the same devotion is not prepared to suffer imprison­ Without this, there can be no in the duly elected and appointed to deathless principle, and the ment for this righteous cause, I ask government of, by and for the officials 01 the State; and 1 weby same determination to guarantee him now to submit his resignation people. 1£ Olu nation is to survive, direct each said official to uphold and enforce the laws duly and the hlessings of liberty to future and it will be accepted without we must maintain strong state generations as was shown by those prejudice. A man who is prepared legally enacted by the Legislature governments and unity in matters of the State of Mississippi, regard­ patriots who have gone before. to stand firm will be appointed in of national security. less of this unwarranted., illegal and his place. Therefore, in obedience to legis­ arbitrary usurpation of power; and Fellow Mississippians, let us 1£ these measures should be con­ lative and constitutional sanction, to intCrpose the State Sovereignty stand together, hand in hand, mind and themselves between the people to mind, unyielding and IInflfraid! sidered extreme they are evoked I interpose the rights of the of the State and any body-politic by extreme provocation for which Sovereign State of Mississippi to seeking to usurp such power. We know that our cause is just we are in no way responsible. enforce its laws and to regulate The State of Mississippi has be­ and right. Let us meet this crisis There is no cause which is more its own internal affairs without come the keystone in the fight with dignity, courage and forti­ moral and just than the protection interference on the part of the for State's Rights. Our nation's tude, and show to the world that of the integrity of Olu races. To Federal government or its officers, survival as a Republic of Sovereign we are people of honor, that we this end, we as parents will do and in my official capacity as States depends on what we do in do not, we will not surrender to whatever is necessary to defend Governor of the State of Missis­ this crisis. Should we fail and the the evil and illegal forces of ty­ those who are most dear to us, sippi, I hereby make this proclama­ keystone be removed, our system ranny! tion: of government will crumhle and There is no case in history where Should the actions on the part A PROCLAMATION fall, and American liberty will be the Caucasian race has survived of any public officials of Missis­ social integration. We will not Whereas, the Unitc:d States of Jost forever in the ruins. America consists of IiIty (50) Sov",­ sippi be construed as contempt of drink from the cup of genocidel eign States bound together basically Therefore, my friends, let us Federal courts, then in such event, Mississippi, as a sovereign State, for their common welfare; and stand together as loyal Missis­ I humbly and respectfully suggest has the right under the Federal \Vhereas. the Constitution of the ) sippians and as patriotic Ameri­ that the charge be laid upon the United States of America provides cans, and hold fast against this Governor of our Sovereign State Constitution to determine for itself that .each State is sovereign with grave threat to our liberties. and not against any of her public what the Federal Constitution has respect to certain rights and powers; 1 reserved to it. and Mississippians have never fal­ officials or citizens. The Mississippi Legislature, in \Vherea.t, pursuant to the Tenth tered in times of crisis, and we Let us invoke the blessings of Amendment to the Constitution of shall not fail now. 1956, asserted this right in no un­ the United States, the powers not Divine Providence as we struggle certain terms by the passage of specifically delegated to the Federal Generations ago, our ancestors to maintain our liberties. With the Chapter 466 of the Laws of 1956, government are reserved to the pledged their lives, their fortunes, help of Almighty God, and with invoking the historic and time­ several Statesj and and their sacred honor to establish the unbounding determination of recognized doctrine of interposi­ Whereas, the operation of the on this Continent a government of our people to remain free, we shall public school system is one of the tion to protect the sovereignty of powers which was not delegated the people, by the people, and for be invincible, and we shall keep this State and its constitutionally- to the Federal government but the people. Succeeding genera- the faith!

B THE CITIZEN SEPTEMBER 1962 9 Forced Integration Is Communism In Action I

By MEDFORD EVANS wouldn't an integrationist be to you and me is the necessary spur tempted to cut his throat when he to action. Scripture declares that where "Fidel Castro is not a Commu­ realizes that after eight years, 92 What is integration? Historically there is no vision, the people nist - he is a romantic revolu­ per cent of the negroes are still anJayzed and on the basis of the perish! tionary.- in all-negro schools? facts which we can see before us, Throughout most of the United But last year, Fidel Castro him­ In spite of this, and the fact that it is a strategic campaign of the States, vision is very defective. self boasted that of course, he had the rate of integration slows up world Communist movement. It The word vision most often ap­ always heen a Communist, and every year, we have people-some, is just that - nothing more and plies to seeing the future, hut it wasn't it stupid of the Americans even, in the Deep South-repeat­ nothing less. also applies to seeing the present to think that he was anything else? ing the absurd contradiction of fact I have spent a great man)' years and the immediate past. Another example which is still that integration is inevitable. Of in right-wing movements, and have Americans in general in recent true in many parts of the country course, it is not inevitable at all! heen a member of or a participant years seem to have had great diffi­ is that of people repeating what On the other hand, we have some in a dozen different anti-Commu­ culty in seeing what is right be­ they hear instead of looking at the people who jump to the opposite nist. pro-American~ conservative fore their eyes. We will - like facts before them on the suhject extreme and say "Oh, weU, it can't organizations of one kind and an­ persons in a hypnotic trance - re~ of racial integration. happen herel" That is also con­ other. peat what the hypnotist says to us, trary to the facts-because it has There are two cliches a bou t this, happened in some plaoes. In these groups, I find some of rather than recognize what is right and they are equally erroneous. my friends who want to talk about in front of us. The fact that eight per cent of One is that integration is inevita­ every kind of anti-Communist is­ the negroes are going to school I will call your attention to one ble, and the other, strangely sue except the race question. Then in integrated situations proves it is recent example of this: From 1957 enough, is that integration is im­ 1 find others who want to talk only possible; the fact that 92 per cent 00, the evidence was visible to possible. Some people even be­ about the race question. What I are still not integrated proves that everyone who looked at it that lieve both of these mutually con­ should like to insist upon as it is very difficult for the other Fidel Castro was a Communist, a tradictory things simultaneously­ strongly as I can, however, is that side. leading agent of the world Com­ or perhaps on Monday, Wednes­ the race question as it exists today The decision, of course. is in munist conspiracy. And yet, be­ day and Friday they think that in­ and the Communist question can­ your hands and mine - with the cause there were voices in the tegration is impossible, and on not in any way be separated-for advantages on our side, provided press and the other media of mass Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday the agitation of the race question we have enough intelligence to communications saying "Fidel they think it is inevitable. is what the Communists are doing Castro is not a Communist-he is exploit those advantages. Actually, the evidence of your in this country. a romantic revolutionary." almost So we see that integration is own eyes shows you that integra­ If you dn not oppose forced in­ everyone in this country repeated, neither inevitable nor impossible. tion is so far from being inevitable Why does the left wing promote tegration, you are not fighting that for 81> years, a decree of the these slogans? Because in either Communists in the United States! Dr. Medford Eoons, now a mem­ highest court of the land has failed case-if it were inevitable or im­ On the other hand, if you do ber of the full-time staff of the almost completely of enforcement! possible - the resulting action not recognize that the Commu­ Citizens' Councils. WlU for mnny It is, of course, a tragedy that would be not to do anything. nists are back of the integration lJeot'$ a "ro/euor of Ilmory at lead­ ing Southern collega and unict'Tn­ there are any mixed schools at all, If it's inevitahle, there is no hope movement, then you will not be tlu. During World 'Var II, he and yet 92 per cent of the negro of doing anything. If it's impos­ ahle effectively to oppose the in­ tca$ chief 01 training for the U.S. pupils in this nation are remaining sible, you don't have to do any­ tegrationists, for you wiu not know Atomic Energy Commiuion. From in all-negro schools this Fall. thing. In either case, you do no­ who your real enemy is. thi3 vantage point, he quickl" .$Ow the Communist threat to America. If segregationists have the temp­ thing! Thus, the recognition of the The negroes are not the source tation to become discouraged, plain fact that the verdict is up of the negro problem today. It is

10 THE CITIZEN SEPTEMBER 1962 11 those who are exploiting the bi­ who said on the centenary of the and the reason why this country Party supports both the NAACP, racial composition of this country's publication of Darwin's book in is so far ahead of any other coun­ which believes in integration, and population who are rexpansible for Chicago a few years ago that man­ try in this hemisphere. the fanatical Black Muslims, who the so-called negro problem. kind must outgrow religion. These Therefore, those who offer us believe in an extreme form of seg­ There is only one body in the are the people who are promoting this advice and who work against regation. world that is seriously interested integration. an institution which has upheld The answer becomes clear when in the destruction of the United But if they really believed that us are, of course, not to be trusted. we realize that the Communists' States of America, and that is the integration were Christian, they Their motives are not to be trusted real motive is not integration as world Communist movement! The wouldn't be for it-because they if they know what they are doing; such. Their real motive is the de­ world Communist movement has aren't for Christianity! Most of the and their judgment is not to be struction of the existing white so­ long viewed the hi-racial character Communist thought 1eaders on trusted if they do not know what ciety in this countryl of our population as the place to other subjects will not pretend to they are doing. This society can be destroyed attack. be Christians. So when the Com­ There have always been indivi­ either way--either by the loss of For many years - more than a munists tell us that you and I must duals who felt like this, but the racial integrity, the loss of Consti­ generatiou now - they have been integrate because it is our Chris­ movement gained no power in this tutional liberty, which is the attacking what they call the Jim tian duty, they are telling us to live country until after World War n­ AACP approach; or by pbysical Crow system-the system of segre­ by a standard that they do not and it was during World War II extermination of the whites, which gation which has endured in the themselves accept. that the government of our COUD­ would be the Black Muslim ap­ South since around 1900. And when these people say to try rescued the from proach. The Communists have attacked us that segregation is un-American, destruction and laid the founda­ The Communists are perfectly the segregation system not because remember that if it were un-Ameri­ tions of the strength of the Com­ willing to support both of these it is un-American, but because it is can they would be for it, because munist Party. approaches, for they are against American . .. not because it is un­ they are un-American themselves, The Communist Party is not in you and me and against the Ameri­ Christian, but because it is Chris­ and they believe that the very con­ a popularity contest. It has vast can tradition. Obviously, because tianl cept of national sovereignty is financiaJ resources. coming from it appears to be more practical, the Consider the logic of this thing something which, like religion, we Siberian gold mines, from Ameri­ Communists support the AACP for a moment. Remember that must outgrow. can industri.lists such as Cyrus approach more often then they do this whole controversy was begun ow why take advice on Chris­ Eaton, and even. on occasion. from the Black Muslim approach. not by segregationists, but by the tianity and Americanism from the richest organization in the In my judgment, the attack on integrationists. They took the ini­ people who don't even think that world-the United States Govern­ racial segregation is the leading ment! tiative to overthrow and revolu­ Christianity and Americanism are edge of tlte Communist attack 01& tionize the status quo. The good? Of course, the answer is Therefore, the Communist Party America! Any right-wingers or integrationists are sparked and led that we should not! doesn't particularly need the mem­ conservatives who aHempt to op­ by the Communists. I will not Again, if segregation had not bership of individual negroes in pose Communism without also op­ quibble over whether these people been a successful system, they the South; but it does need to de­ posing the NAACP, Martin Luther are members of the Communist would not be against it; for their stroy the Southern system of segre­ King and other integrationists, are Party-but they are extreme left­ purpose is to undennine Ollr gation in order to destroy our basic like those who might try to oppose wing, they are ~farxists , they are American civilization, and they at­ American institutions. a football team without tackling materialists, they are collectivists, tack the underpinnings of our When we realize that the motives the ball carriers! they believe in one world under civilization to hasten its fall. This of the Communist Party are not A year and a half ago, on J anu­ the administrative leadership of is precisely their purpose. primarily constructive-even from ary 22, 1961, the national commit­ the intellectual classes. Of course, we have had a segre­ their own point of view - but tee of the Communist Party USA Now all these people wish to see gated SOCiety in the United States destructive, some of the things they adopted a legislative program. the end of traditional America. since colonial times. This is the do which otherwise appear incon­ Along with the usual Kremlin-line They wish to see the end of Chris­ great distinguishing feature be­ sistent begin to clear up. foreign policy items, the very first tianity. They believe with Julian tween our nation aDd the majority For instance, it might be hard thing on the Communist Party's Huxley, the head of U]I.'ESCO, of the countries of Latin America, to figure out why the Communist domestic agenda for the United

12 THE CITIZEN SEPTEMBER 1962 13 States, printed in capital letters, of the entire .nation. Consider the are present in no other part of the That is why they have made the was: "'For an end to the Jim Crow Kaval bases from Norfolk to world so much as tbey are right South the number ODe Soviet tar­ system, for unrestricted civil rights Corpus Christi, including those at here in DL'

SEPTEMBER 1962 14 THE CITIZEN 15 Eisenhower's Go-To-Jail Pledge

Former Presiden' Dwight D. Eisenhower made news recently wilh a OO·lo-j,il pledge of his own. Writing in the Saturday Ev enin, POl l for AUgU51 1 I, Ei senhower referred 10 a Kennedy AdministrOilion farm bill as "one of Ihe most repreuive mea$Ures ever Iilid before our Congress."

One provision of Ihe bil( Ike noted, "set up penalties involving jail sen­ tences for farmers who f,iled 10 comply with cerlain regulations set forth in the me.sure." "When I learned of Ihis proposal," he wrote, " I rather explosively exclaimed that if these provisions were enacted intQ raw and applied to a raiser of beef t.lII,le Iwhich I amI I would,offer myself as a les! case.

" I h id that I .... ould go to jail if " ecenu ), and conchu:' , public: monologue On hum;l n rightl hom behind the b~r •.

" ... I mu nt w h~t I H id; I felt jUlt that strongl, about the ule of thru,* ~nd compull ion to control the liv el of Amerinnl."

Thus, Eisenhower seemingly placed an advance stamp of blparlisan approval on Governor Barnen's vow 10. go 10 jail ralher Ihan yield 10 Feder~1 " Ihreals and compulsion" brought on by wh~I Ihe former President himself termed a "thirst for more ~nd more power cenlered in Ihe F eder~1 oovernmenl-,llnd p~r t icularly in the eKcculive branch,"

In the same ~rticle, Eisel'lhower slaled: "At limes it seems thai we are losing sight of a fundamental principle, basic to dernocrKY. It is this: The le.der of • democ"c, il not the source of power; he mere ly directl it , Power de rives from, and mllst remain in, the people. "Historically, when the power that belonged to the people was concentrated in Ihe hands of one family, we had Ihe absolule monarch; loday ... we h,'We the totalitarian stale such as Soviel Russi. or Red . ", , . One cannot help wondering how far down Ihe present road we can go--constanlly investing Washinglon wilh greater and more detailed power over the lives of people-without arriving OIl something quite different from the free society which for ~Imost 200 ye~rs h~ s been the bedrock of the American system,"