Index

A Blood , 380–394 Actin fi laments , 38, 176, 184, 186, 196, 258, 340, 350, 352 basophilic granulocytes , 386 brush border , 176 eosinophilic granulocytes , 384 brush cell , 186 erythrocytes , 380 nuclear actin , 26 erythropoiesis , 380 Adhering junctions , 196, 226, 258, 290, 294, 350 lymphocytes , 390 Adipose tissue , 330, 332 monocytes , 388 brown , 332 neutrophilic granulocytes , 382 white , 330 reticulocytes , 380 Aggresomes , 52, 180 thrombocytes , 392, 394 Alport’s syndrome , 214 Blood–brain barrier , 358 Alveoli , 288 Bone , 336, 338 Amphisomes , 148 mineralization , 336 Amyloid fi brils , 326, 328 osteoblasts , 336 Amyloidosis , 326 osteoclasts , 338 Anchoring junctions , 196 osteocyte , 336 Anderson disease , 64 osteoid , 336 Annulate lamellae , 42 resorption , 338 Apomucin , 40 Bone marrow , 380, 392 Apoptosis , 30, 48, 148, 268 cells of the erythroid lineage , 380 Arterial wall , 300 megakaryocytes , 392 Articular cartilague , 334 Bowman’s layer , 324 Astrocytes , 356, 358, 368 Brefeldin A , 94, 96, 98 Atomic force microscopy , 24, 328 effect on retrograde transport of internalized WGA , 98 Autophagic cell death , 30 disassembly , 94, 96 Autophagy , 148, 150, 152 tubulation of Golgi apparatus and endosomes , 96 autolysosomes , 148 Brush border , 176, 188, 258, 262 autophagosomes , 148 Brush cell , 186 crinophagy , 226 cytosolic protein aggregates , 152 ER-phagy , 152 C mitophagy , 152 CADASIL. See Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy pexophagy , 150 (CADASIL) selective autophagy of cellular , 152 Cajal body , 6, 20 Axon , 298, 344, 352, 356, 358, 360, 362, 366, 368, 370, 372 Cadherins, 196, 202, degeneration , 370 Camillo Golgi , 68 regeneration , 370 Capillaries , 248, 294, 298 continuous , 294 fenestrated , 298 B sinusoidal , 248 Basal bodies , 274, 282 Cardiac muscle , 350 Basal labyrinth , 208, 230 intercalated disk , 350 renal tubules , 208 myofi brils , 350 submandibular gland , 230 Cartilage , 334 Basement membranes , 212 Caveolae , 118, 126, 352 Descemet’s membrane , 216 cholera toxin , 126 glomerular basement membrane , 214, 302 smooth muscle cells , 126, 352 skin , 218 Cell crawling , 184 smooth muscle cell , 212 Cell division , 28 Basophilic granulocyte , 386 Cells in culture , 184 Birbeck granules , 124 Cells of Ito , 248

M. Pavelka, J. Roth, Functional Ultrastructure: Atlas of Tissue Biology and Pathology, Third Edition, 397 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1830-6, © Springer-Verlag Vienna 2015 398 Index

Cellular interdigitations , 206, 258 , 172–180 Central nervous system , 356, 358, 360 actin fi laments , 176 blood–brain barrier , 358 intermediate fi laments , 178 glial cells , 356 microtubules , 172, 174 neuron , 356 Cytosolic coat proteins (COPs) , 58 synapses, synaptic terminal , 358, 360 Centrioles , 94, 122, 172 , 172 D Ceramide-transfer protein , 92 Descemet’s membrane , 216 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy (CADASIL) , 354 Dermal-epidermal junction , 218 Cerebrospinal fl uid , 256 Desmin , 340, 352 Chondrocytes , 334 Desmosomes , 178, 196, 202, 226, 258, 278, 280, 350 Choroid plexus ependyma , 256 belt desmosome , 196, 226, 258 , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 28 fascia adhaerens , 350 condensed chromatin (heterochromatin) , spot desmosome , 178, 196, 202, 226, 258, 278, 280, 350 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 28 Dinofl agellates , 36 euchromatin , 6, 20 Disseminated endocrine system , 244 Chromosomes , 6, 12 Duchenne muscular dystrophy , 346 interphase chromosome domains , 12 Dysproteinemic neuropathies , 374 Chylomicron retention disease , 64 Cilia , 274, 282, 284 E axoneme , 282 Elastic fi bers , 318 ciliopathies , 284 Electron tomography , 88, 90, 360 immotile cilia syndrome , 284 Endocytic trans Golgi network , 90, 118, 120 Kartagener syndrome , 284 Endocytosis , 90, 116, 118, 120, 126, 128, 130, 132 olfactory epithelium , 274 Birbeck granules , 124 tracheo-bronchial epithelium , 282, 284 caveolae , 118, 126 Ciliated cells , 282 clathrin-dependent endocytosis , 116, 118 Clara cells , 286 clathrin-independent , 118 Clathrin-dependent transport , 116, 118, 132 endocytic pathways , 118 Cochlea , 270, 272 endocytic TGN , 90, 118, 120 basilar membrane , 270 fl uid-phase endocytosis , 128 organ of Corti , 270, 272 Golgi apparatus , 120 Reissner’s membrane , 270 late endosomes , 118 scala tympani , 270 , 118, 130, 132 scala vestibuli , 270 macropinosomes , 118 Collagen fi bers , 314, 316, 318 phagocytosis , 118, 128 Compound secretion , 112, 232 receptor-mediated endocytosis , 116, 122 Concanavalin A (Con-A) , 44 recycling endosomes , 118 Condensing , 2, 68, 102, 224, 226 retrograde traffi c into Golgi apparatus , 120 Congenital hepatic fi brosis , 254 sorting endosomes , 118 Connective tissue , 314–324 tubular pericentriolar endosomes , 122 Bowman’s layer , 324 vesiculated endosomes , 118 collagen fi bers , 314, 316, 318 virus endocytosis , 116 collagen fi brils , 318, 322 Endoneurium , 364 dense connective tissue , 322 (ER) , 2, 6, 22, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, elastic fi bers , 318 50, 52, 54, 56, 252, 260, 340, 342 eosinophilic granulocyte , 320 ER-associated degradation , 66 fi broblast , 314, 316, 318 lipid droplet biogenesis , 166 fi brocytes , 316 membrane contact sites , 194 loose connective tissue , 314 rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) , 2, 6, 22, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, macrophage , 314, 316, 320 44, 46, 48, 50, 52 mast cell , 320 sarcoplasmic reticulum , 340, 342 plasma cells , 320 smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) , 54, 56, 166, 340, 342 Connexons , 198 transitional elements , 58 COP I-coated vesicles , 58, 88, 94 Endosomes , 96, 114, 118 COPII-coated vesicles , 58 Brefeldin A , 96 Cornea , 216, 276, 322, 324 multivesicular endosomes , 114 Bowman’s layer , 324 tubular pericentriolar endosomes , 122 corneal epithelium , 276 Endothelium , 248, 294, 298, 300, 302 corneal stroma , 322 endothelio-pericyte interactions , 300 Descemet’s membrane , 216 endothelio-smooth muscle cell interactions , 300 Crigler-Najjar syndromes I and II , 56 endothelium in continuous capillaries , 294 Crohn’s disease , 236 endothelium in fenestrated capillaries , 298 Cystinosis , 146 endothelium in glomerular capillaries of the kidney , 302 Cytocenter , 94, 172 endothelium in liver sinusoidal capillaries , 248 Cytomegalovirus , 32 Eosinophilic granulocyte , 320, 384 Index 399

Epidermis , 202, 278, 280 secretory and endocytic pathways , 84 dermal-epidermal junction , 218 subcompartments , 86 epidermal fl uid barrier formation , 280 three-dimensional models , 88, 90 keratinocytes differentiation , 280 tilt series , 88 layers , 278 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex , 220 Epineurium , 364 H ERGIC-53 , 58 Heat shock response , 100 ER-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) , 58 Hemidesmosomes , 218 Erythroblasts , 380 Hepatocyte , 54, 246, 248, 250, 252 Erythrocytes , 380 Hereditary nephritis , 214 Erythropoiesis , 380 High-pressure freezing , 86, 88, 92, 94, 96 Erythropoietic protoporphyria , 170 Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) , 116 Exocytosis , 2, 34, 102, 108, 226, 236 Hyaline arteriolosclerosis , 296 Exosomes , 114

I F I-cell disease , 134 Fabry disease , 138 Immunogold labeling , 34, 40, 44, 46, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80 Farber disease , 142 Immotile cilia syndrome , 284 Fenestrated capillary , 298 Insulin , 240, 242 FIB-SEM. See Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy Insulinoma , 242 (FIB-SEM) tomography Intercalated cells of kidney , 238 Fibroblast , 314, 316, 318 Intercalated disk , 350 Fibrocyte , 316 Intermediate fi laments , 26, 178, 180, 186, 196, 202, 262, 278, 280, Filaggrin , 280 340, 352 Filopodia , 184 brush cell , 186 Fluid-phase endocytosis , 128 desmin , 340, 352 Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) keratinocyte , 178, 278, 280 tomography , 4 keratins , 178, 278, 280 Freeze fracture replica , 22, 182, 198, 292 lamins , 26 Mallory bodies , 180 neurofi laments , 362 G Intestinal absorptive cell , 174, 176, 188, 258, 260 Gap junctions , 198, 350 Invadopodia , 210 freeze-fracture replica , 198 Invadosomes , 210 Gaucher disease , 136 Islets of Langerhans , 240 Gilbert syndrome , 56 Glycocalyx , 188, 190, 192 antennulae microvillares , 188 J cell type specifi city and domains , 190 Junctional complex , 102, 196, 226, 258 changes in tumors , 192 maculae adhaerentes , 196, 226, 258 Glycogen , 168 zonula adhaerens , 196, 226, 258 Glycogenosis type I , 168 zonula occludens , 196, 226, 258 Glycogenosis type II , 146

GM2 gangliosidoses , 140 Goblet cells , 76, 112, 232, 282 K Golgi apparatus , 2, 50, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 80, 82, 84, 88, 90, 92, Kartagener syndrome , 284 94, 96, 98, 100, 118, 120, 132, 172, 174, 252 Keratinocytes , 178, 278, 280 antero-and retrograde traffi c , 92 Keratins , 178, 278, 280 Brefeldin A , 94, 96, 98 Kidney , 208, 214, 238, 262, 264, 302, 304, 306, 308, Camillo Golgi , 68 310, 312, 326 ceramide-condensing compartments , 92 amyloidosis , 326 COP I-coated vesicles , 88, 94 basal labyrinth , 208 endocytosis , 84, 90, 118, 120 distal tubule , 208 ER-Golgi relationships , 92 fi ltration machinery , 302 Golgi reassembly and stacking proteins , 68 glomerular basement membrane , 214 Golgi stack organization , 68 glomerulus and disorders , 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312 heat shock response , 100 intercalated cells , 238 maturation of asparagine-linked N -glycans , 72 parathyroid hormone response , 264 microtubule disruption , 174 proximal tubule , 208, 262, 264 oligosaccharide trimming , 72 Kupffer cell , 128, 248 pathway of toxins , 84 protein N -glycosylation , 66, 72, 74 protein O -glycosylation , 80 L protein secretion visualized by immunoelectron microscopy , 70 Lamellipodia , 184 recycling membrane proteins , 84 Lamina basalis , 212 400 Index

Lamina fi broreticularis , 212 Myoepithelial cells , 230 Langerhans cells , 124 Myofi brils , 340, 342, 344, 350 Ligand-mediated cell-cell interaction , 204 Myosin fi laments , 340, 350 Lipid droplets , 166, 194, 230, 232 Liver , 54, 246, 248, 250, 252 bile canaliculi , 246, 248, 250 N cell of Ito , 248 Nanotubes , 200 hepatocytes , 54, 246, 248, 250, 252 Nerve tissue , 298, 314, 344, 352, 356–379 Kupffer cell , 128, 248 axon , 298, 344, 352, 356, 358, 360, 362, 366, 368, 370, 372 secretory lipoprotein particles, pathway of , 252 axonal degeneration , 370 sinus, sinus endothelium , 246, 248, 250, 252 blood–brain barrier , 358 space of Disse , 246, 248, 252 central nervous system , 356, 358, 360 Lung , 286, 288 neuron, glial cells , 356 Lymph capillary , 128 metachromatic leukodystrophy , 376 Lymphocyte , 390 myelinated nerve fi ber , 356, 366, 368 Lysosomes , 118, 128, 130, 132, 134–146, 148, 150, 152 neuroaxonal dystrophy , 372 acid phosphatase , 132 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses , 378 autophagy , 130, 148, 150, 152 neuropathies associated with dysproteinemias , 374 heterophagy , 128, 130 node of Ranvier , 368 -associated membrane proteins , 132 peripheral nervous system , 362, 364, 366, 368 lysosomal disorders and storage diseases , 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, Schwann cell , 362, 364, 366, 368 144, 146 synapses, synaptic terminal , 358, 360 lysosomal enzymes , 130, 132 unmyelinated nerve fi ber , 298, 314, 362, 364 lysosomal membrane proteins , 132 Neuroaxonal dystrophy , 372 mannose-6-phosphate recognition marker , 130 Neuromuscular junction , 344 polylactosamine , 132 Neuron , 356 dendrites , 356 neurite , 356 M soma , 356 Macrophage , 128, 314, 316, 320 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses , 378 Macropinocytosis , 116, 118 Neutrophilic granulocyte , 382 Mallory bodies , 180 Node of Ranvier , 368 Mannose-6-phosphate receptors , 130, 132 Nuclear actin fi bers , 26 Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome , 64 , 6, 22, 26, 40, 42 Mast cell , 320 perinuclear cisterna , 40 Megakaryocyte , 392 Nuclear lamina , 26 Melanocytes , 278 Nuclear lamins , 26 Membrane contact sites , 194 complexes , 22, 24, 42 RER-lipid droplets , 194 calcium concentrations , 24 RER-mitochondria , 194 freeze-fracture replica , 22 RER-plasma membrane , 194 structural changes , 24 trans Golgi compartments , 92 three-dimensional structure , 22 Metachromatic leukodystrophy , 376 time-lapse atomic force microscopy , 24 Microtubules , 28, 122, 172, 174, 186, 274, 282, 284, 356, 360, 362, , 14, 16, 20, 38 364, 394 architecture , 14 cilia , 282, 284 changes of nucleolar architecture , 16 Golgi apparatus , 174 components , 14 microtubule disruption , 174 Nucleoskeleton , 26 mitosis , 28 Nucleus , 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 20 thrombocytes , 394 architecture , 6 Microvesicles , 114 Cajal bodies , 6, 20 Mitochondria , 30, 154, 156, 194 cancer cell , 8 crista type , 154 chromosome territories , 6, 12 mitochondrial networks , 154 condensed chromatin , 6 paracrystalline inclusions , 156 cytochemical detection of ribonucleoproteins , 10 programmed cell death , 30, 154 detection of sites structural abnormalities , 156 of DNA replication , 12 tubulus type , 154 of RNA synthesis , 18 Mitophagy , 152 euchromatin , 6 Mitosis , 28 functional changes , 8 Monocyte , 388 interchromatin granule clusters , 6 Mott cells , 48, 50 interphase chromosome domains , 12 Multivesicular bodies , 114, 118 nuclear envelope , 6, 22, 26, 40, 42 Multivesicular endosomes , 114 nuclear space , 6 Muscular dystrophies , 346 nucleolus , 6, 14, 16, 20, 38 Myelin sheath , 356, 366, 368 nucleoskeleton , 26 Index 401

shape , 8 morphometric analysis , 60 size , 8 oligosaccharide trimming , 66 telomerase , 20 peripheral , 62, 64, 66 viral inclusions , 32 procollagen VII ER export , 62 protein quality control , 66 Preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) , 38 O Procollagen , 316, 318 Odland bodies , 280 Programmed cell death , 30 O -Glycans , 80 mitochondria , 154 Olfactory epithelium, 274 Proinsulin , 240, 242 Oligodendrocytes , 366 Protein A-gold technique , 34 Omegasomes , 148 Protein-N -glycosylation , 44, 46, 66, 72, 74 Organ of Corti , 270, 272 cell type-related variations , 76, 78 hair cell innervation , 272 Protein-O -glycosylation , 80 hair cells , 270, 272 Protein quality control , 46, 64, 66 spiral ganglion neurons , 272 Pulmonary surfactant, 286, 288 supporting cells , 270, 272 tectorial membrane , 270 Osteoblasts , 336 R Osteoclast , 338 Receptor-mediated endocytosis , 116, 118 Osteocytes , 336 Red blood cells , 380 Regulated secretion , 2, 34, 70, 102, 108, 224, 226, 232, 236 Renal distal tubule , 208 P Renal proximal tubule , 208, 262, 264 Pancreas , 2, 34, 70, 102, 104, 224, 226, 228, 240, 242, 298 RER. See Rough endoplasmic reticulum acinar cells , 2, 34, 102, 226 Reticulocyte , 380 acinar center , 226 Reticulophagy , 152 acinus , 224 Retina , 266, 268 beta cell , 104, 240, 242 light-induced apoptosis , 268 centroacinar cells , 226 membrane disks , 266 endocrine , 104, 240, 242 photoreceptor cells , 266, 268 exocrine , 2, 34, 70, 102, 224, 226, 228, 298 pigment epithelium , 266, 268 intercalated duct , 228 precursors , 14, 16 islets of Langerhans , 240 , 38 zymogen granules , 2, 34, 70, 102, 224, 226 Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) , 2, 6, 22, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, Paneth cells , 28, 104, 108, 236 46, 48, 50, 52, 58, 66, 68, 92, 194 Parietal cells , 234 accumulation of misfolded proteins , 48 Pericytes , 294, 300, 358 calnexin/calreticulin , 46, 66 Perineurium , 364 export regions , 58, 68 Peripheral nerve , 362, 364, 366, 368 glucosidase I , 46 connective tissue components , 364 glucosidase II , 46 Peroxisomal disorders , 164 glucosyltransferase , 46 Peroxisomes , 158, 160, 162, 164 membrane contact sites , 92, 194 adaptive changes , 162 oligosaccharide trimming , 46 biogenesis , 160 oligosaccharyltransferase , 44 function , 158 protein-N -glycosylation , 44, 46 peroxisomal disorders , 164 protein quality control , 46 pexophagy , 150 protein translocation , 44 Zellweger syndrome , 164 reglucosylation , 46 Pexophagy , 150 Sec61 complex , 44 Phagocytosis , 118, 128 signal peptidase , 44 Pigment epithelium , 266, 268 storage site of excess immunoglobulins , 50 Plasma cells , 50, 320 transitional elements , 58, 60, 68 Plasma membrane , 182, 188, 190, 192, 194 Russell bodies , 48, 50, 52 freeze-fracture electron microscopy , 182 glycocalyx , 188, 190, 192 lipid bilayer , 182 Podocytes , 214, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312 S Polyomaviruses , 32 Sarcomere , 340 Polysomes , 38 Sarcoplasmic reticulum , 340, 342 Pompe disease , 348 Satellite cell , 342 Potocytosis , 126 Schmidt-Lanterman clefts , 366 Pre-Golgi intermediates , 2, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 72, 88 Schwann cells , 362, 364, 366, 368, 370 changes , 64 Secretion ERGIC-53 , 58 compound , 112, 232 Golgi apparatus-associated , 60, 64, 66 constitutive , 110 402 Index

Secretion (cont.) Tight junctions , 196, 198, 226, 256, 258, 274, 290, 294 regulated , 2, 34, 70, 102, 108, 224, 226, 232, 236 freeze-fracture replica , 198 unconventional , 114 Titin , 340, 350 Secretory granules , 2, 34, 102, 104, 106, 112, 224, 226, 230, Tonofi brils, tonofi laments , 178, 202, 278, 280 232, 236, 240, 242, 244 Tracheo-bronchial epithelium , 282, 284 formation , 104 cell types , 282 types , 106 cilia , 282 Secretory lysosomes , 132, 382, 384 ciliopathies , 284 Selectins , 204 Clara cells , 286 SER. See Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Trans Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum , 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 120 Skeletal muscle , 340, 342, 344, 346, 348 Trans Golgi network (TGN) , 68, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 102, 104, glycogenosis type II , 348 110, 118, 120, 132 muscle fi ber , 340 cryo-immobilization , 86 muscular dystrophies , 346 endocytic TGN , 90, 118, 120 myofi brils , 340 endocytosis , 84 neuromuscular junctions , 344 formation of secretory granules , 104 sarcomere , 340 GERL , 82 sarcoplasmic reticulum , 340, 342 secretory pathway , 84 satellite cell , 342 structure , 90 triad , 342 three-dimensional models , 90 Skin , 124, 134, 178, 218, 220, 278, 280 Transitional elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum , Small intestine , 176, 258, 260 58, 60, 68 absorptive cells , 258, 260 Triads , 342 brush border , 258 Tropocollagen , 318 endocrine cells , 244 Tunneling nanotubes , 200 goblet cells , 112, 232 Type I and II alveolar epithelial cells , 288 junctional complex , 258 lipid pathway , 260 microvilli , 258 U Paneth cells , 28, 104, 108, 236 Umbrella cell , 290, 292 smooth muscle layer , 314, 352 asymmetric unit membrane , 290 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) , 54, 56, 166, 340, 342 fusiform vesicles , 292 bilirubin metabolism , 56 surface specializations , 290 ER shaping proteins , 54 Unmyelinated nerve fi ber , 298, 314, 362, 364 lipid droplet biogenesis , 166 Uroplakins , 290 proliferation , 56 Urothelium , 290, 292 reticulons , 54 sarcoplasmic reticulum , 340, 342 very low density lipoprotein particles , 54 V Smooth muscle , 126, 300, 314, 352, 354 Very low density lipoproteins , 54, 252, 260 CADASIL , 354 liver , 54, 252 smooth muscle cells , 126, 300, 352 small intestine , 260 synapse á distance , 352 Vesicular-tubular clusters , 58 Spot desmosomes , 178, 196, 202, 226, 258, 278, 280, 350 Viral inclusions , 32 tonofi brils, tonofi laments , 178, 202, 278, 280 Virus endocytosis , 116 Stem cell niche , 28 Von Willebrand factor , 294 Stomach , 234 Stress fi bers , 176 Submandibular gland , 230 Surfactant proteins, 286, 288 W Synapses , 344, 352, 358, 360 Weibel-Palade bodies , 294 neuromuscular junction , 344 Wheat germ agglutinin , 90, 98, 118, 120 synapse á distance , 352 Wilms tumor , 192 Synaptic terminal, 3D-reconstruction , 360 Wolman disease , 144

T Z Terminal web , 176, 188, 258, 262 Zellweger syndrome , 164 TGN. See Trans -Golgi network Zonula adhaerens , 196, 226, 258 Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen , 80 Zonula occludens , 196, 226, 258 Thrombocytes , 392, 394 Zymogen granules , 2, 34, 70, 102, 224, 226