DOCSLIB.ORG

Homo Sapiens) Neandertals) Neandertal Specific Features Post-Cranial Skeleton

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Homo Sapiens) Neandertals) Neandertal Specific Features Post-Cranial Skeleton Mousterian Le Moustier Le Moustier Le Moustier Le Moustier Adolescent nanderthal Le Moustier 1 The neandethal infant Le Moustier 2 Levallois knapping with prefered flake Recurrent Levallois knapping Tools obtained from handaxes Use and re-use of a scraper Diversity of the denticulates How many Denticulates Mousterians ? Discoid nucleus Levallois nucleus Quina retouche Double scraper fitting Denticulates tool appearing within Mousterian industries persist all along the Palaeolithic Mousterian of Acheulean tradition Cordiform handaxes Triangular handaxes Datings for the Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition Provenance of the flint material Handaxe retouched into scraper (Pech-de-l’Azé) Scraper on a flake obtained from a handaxe with soft hammer used for wood work Mousterian of Acheulean tradition - Coudoulous Mousterian of Acheulean tradition - Coudoulous Mousterian of Acheulean tradition - Coudoulous Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping Mousterian of Acheulean tradition with non-Levallois knapping MTA A ? MTA B Archaeological layers of Pech-de-l’Azé I Location of the denticulate layer within Combe-Grenal section Location of the denticulate layer within Combe-Grenal section Regionalism – complexity of the European industries Europe ~200 to 30kya The realm of Neandertal Neandertal sites (from ~ 150,000 to 28,000 years ago) Neandertal Külna Spy Steinheim Tata Molodovo La Quina Krapina Saint Césaire La Chapelle Kiyik-Koba Le Moustier aux Saints Vindija La Ferrassie Moula Saccopastore Guattari Zafarraya Amud Tabun La Chapelle aux Saints (Southwestern France; 40,000 BP) Discovered in 1908 La Chapelle-aux-Saints (National Geographic) Shanidar (Irak) Analysis of the sediment present in the burial, underneath the human skeleton indicates an important concentration in pollens of flowers Shanidar (Irak) A very peculiar usewear of anterior teeth… (dessin G.Tosello) Shanidar 1 (Jurmains et al., 2009) Neandertal specific features Skull Neandertal specific features Skull Cranial shape in posterior view Development of parietal bossae (eminences) Circular House-shaped (specific of (Homo sapiens) Neandertals) Neandertal specific features Post-cranial skeleton Stature: Body proportions: Male average = 1.65 m Radius + ulna short / humerus Female average = 1.55 m Tibia + fibula short / femur Neandertal specific features Post-cranial skeleton Stature: Body proportions: Male average = 1.65 m Radius + ulna short / humerus Female average = 1.55 m Tibia + fibula short / femur Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens La Chapelle aux Saints La Ferrassie Kent Cavern Mladec Brno Predmost Fontéchevade Lagar Velho La Ferrassie Cro-Magnon Isturitz Pestera Cu Oase La Crouzade Grotta del Cavallo Homo sapiens (a.m.)‏ Néandertaliens Lagar Velho (1998)‏ ~ 24 – 25 000 BP (Zilhao & Trinkaus, 2002)‏ (Zilhao & Trinkaus, 2002)‏ Lagar Velho « The facial and appendicular remains provide a morphological mosaic, with the mandibular mentum osseum and dental proportions, as well as mandibular ramal, antebrachial features and pubic size, aligning the specimen with European Early modern humans. The mastoid region is intermediate ; however, the femorotibial lenght proportions and lower limb hypertrophy reflect artic body proportions, and these features, along with the mandibular symphyseal retreat and thoracohumeral muscle hypertrophy, indicate affinities to the Neandertals » « This mosaic indicates admixture between late archaic and early modern humans in Iberia, refuting hypotheses of complete replacement of the Neandertals by early modern humans and underlining the complexities of the cultural and biological processes and events that were involved in modern human emergence » Out of Africa Homo sapiens 90 000 y 70 000 y 40 000 ? 150 000 y 55 000 y Châtelperronian Grotte des Fées (Châtelperron, Allier) Châtelperron coupe Industry from la Grotte des Fées (Châtelperron, Allier) Uluzzian Uluzzian industry Marginal back arrow Bone point Semi-moon nd Scraper Chisel Human 2 (burins) decidual upper molar Scared pieces Lincombian – Ranisian – Jerzmanowician Jerzmanowician industry Jerzmanowician bifacial Jerzmanowician flat face leaf point leaf point Szeletien Szelettian industry Leaf points Châtelperronian sites Châtelperronian industry Châtelperron arrow Scraper Side scraper Châtelperron arrow Châtelperronian toolbox from Quinçay Traces of impact on Châtelperron arrows After Pierre-Yves Demars Châtelperronian bone indusrty Bone ponts Incised bone point Rynchonelle Fox canine Bison incisor Reindeer phalanx Ivory ring Grotte du Renne – Arcy-sur-Cure Living floor Grotte du Renne : Couche Xc Hutte adossée à de gros blocs à l’ouest et au nord, délimitée par 11 trous de poteau. M=frag. De Mammouth - Def= défense Mg= manganèse - Oc=ocre En B12 : fémur de Mammouth tronçonné, couvert d’incisions Points = outils de silex - croix = restes osseux Points = outils de silex - croix = restes osseux Grotte du Renne : Couche Xb État de la cabane après effondrement de la superstructure Sol dégagé au centre Plaquettes sur le pourtour En B13 : défense de Mammouth encore dressée entre des blocs de calage The artisan Saint-Cézaire Arcy-sur-Cure Aurignacian Proto-aurignacian Lower aurignacian Upper aurignacian Grotte d’Aurignac (Aurignac, Haute-Garonne) Aurignac coupe Blade production 1872 : Gabriel de Mortillet Neolithic Tourassian Magdalanian Palaeolithic { Solutrean Mousterian 1912 : Henri Breuil Magdalenian Solutrean Aurignacian Mousterian 1933 : Denis Peyrony Magdalenian Solutrean Aurignacian and Perigordian Mousterian Le système « Aurignaco-Périgordien » Upper Aurignacian Perigordian (Gravettian) Lower Perigordian (Châtelperronian) 1960 : Denise de Sonneville-Bordes Magdalenian Solutrean VII VI Perigordian V IV IV Aurignacian III II I Perigordian I Magdalenian Solutrean Gravettian Aurignacian Châtelperronian Truncated chisel breaking Proto-aurignacian industry – Aurignacian 0 Lower Aurignacian Aurignacian bade Carenated scraper Scraper on Thick scraper aurignacian blade Lower Aurgnacian Bone industry Languette piece Spears split base Upper Aurignacian Burin busqué Grattoir à museau Dufour bladelets Bone industry Losangic spear Mladěc arrow Blanchard-Castanet-La Souquette Isturitz Mladěc Cro-Magnon Goyet Tuto de Camalhot Tuto de Camalhot La Art Ferrassie Hornos de La Peña Chauvet Isturitz Vogelherd Human remains Les Rois (Charente) The Châtelperronian- Aurignacian « interstratifications » c. 1 à 4 : Gravettien c. 5 à 7 : Aurignacien c. 8 : Châtelperronien c. 9 : Aurignacien c. 10 : Châtelperronien « Interstratifications » du Roc de Combe (Bordes et Labrot, 1967) c. C et E : Solutréen et Magdalénien « Interstratifications » c. F : Aurignacien du Piage (Champagne et Espitallié, 1967) c. G à K : Aurignacien But … … The taphonomic and technologic analysis shows : « Mix of different industries caused by posterior natural phenomenons. » (Bordes JG, 2002) No interstratifications ! No contemporaneity between Châtelperronian and Aurignacian in those two sites Aurignacian is posterior to Châtelperronian .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal Children
    This is a repository copy of The Cradle of Thought : Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal children. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/83027/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Spikins, Penny orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-5168, Hitchens, Gail, Rutherford, Holly et al. (1 more author) (2014) The Cradle of Thought : Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal children. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. pp. 111-134. ISSN 0262-5253 https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12030 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ THE CRADLE OF THOUGHT: GROWTH, LEARNING, PLAY AND ATTACHMENT IN NEANDERTHAL CHILDREN Penny Spikins, Gail Hitchens, Andy Needham and Holly Rutherford Department of Archaeology University of York King’s Manor York YO1 7EP SUMMARY Childhood is a core stage in development, essential in the acquisition of social, practical and cultural skills. However, this area receives limited attention in archaeological debate, especially in early prehistory.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Altai and Southwestern France: New Research on the Complex Question of Late Pleistocene Demographic Histories
    The Altai and Southwestern France: new research on the complex question of Late Pleistocene demographic histories 21 to 28 October 2017 - Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil - Preliminary final version Project Director: Hugues Plisson Workshop organisation committee: Brad Gravina, Maxim B. Kozlikin, Andrei I. Krivoshapkin, Bruno Maureille, with the collaboration Jean-Jacques Cleyet-Merle, Jean-Michel Geneste and Hugues Plisson Discussion moderators: Anne Delagnes, Francesco d’Errico, Jacques Jaubert, Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Vikor .P. Chabaï, Andrei I. Krivoshapkin, Evgenii P. Rybin, Mikhail V. Shunkov. Saturday 21 and Sunday 22 October : Arrival From 9h00 onwards -- visit to Rouffignac Cave and the Heritage of Altai Rock Art exhibition (with Frédéric Plassard), afternoon – visit of the Château de Commarque and nearby decorated (engravings) cave. Sunday 22 October: welcome drink and buffet at the Musée National de Préhistoire (MNP) with welcome address from Jean Jacques Cleyet-Merle (18:30) Monday 23 Octobre 8:30 – 12:30 : Musée National de Préhistoire followed by the Maison Bordes – introduction and long presentations on the Altai (30’) plus discussions. Musée National de Préhistoire 1) Opening address from Anne-Gaëlle Baudouin-Clerc, Préfète de la Dordogne 2) Jacques Jaubert - "East to West (“Ex Oriente lux“) in Europe or West to East in Central and Northern Asia? A geographic perspective on the Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic to Late Palaeolithic: items to discuss" 3) Mikhaïl V. Shunkov - "Denisovans in the Altai: natives or incomers" Maison Bordes 4) Andreï I. Krivoshapkin - "Common traits of the Middle Palaeolithic in Southern Siberia and western Central Asia: a matter of migration or evolutionary convergence?" 5) Evgueny P.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus
    Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Adler, Daniel S., Guy Bar#Oz, Anna Belfer#Cohen, and Ofer Bar# Yosef. 2006. Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus. Current Anthropology 47, no. 1: 89–118. Published Version doi:10.1086/432455 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12242824 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Current Anthropology Volume 47, Number 1, February 2006 89 Ahead of the Game Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus by Daniel S. Adler, Guy Bar-Oz, Anna Belfer-Cohen, and Ofer Bar-Yosef Over the past several decades a variety of models have been proposed to explain perceived behavioral and cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. A key element in many of these models and one often used as a proxy for behavioral “modernity” is the frequency and nature of hunting among Palaeolithic populations. Here new archaeological data from Ortvale Klde, a late Middle–early Upper Palaeolithic rockshelter in the Georgian Republic, are considered, and zooar- chaeological methods are applied to the study of faunal acquisition patterns to test whether they changed significantly from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic.
    [Show full text]
  • New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature22336 New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E. Bailey4, Sarah E. Freidline1, Simon Neubauer1, Matthew M. Skinner5, Inga Bergmann1, Adeline Le Cabec1, Stefano Benazzi6, Katerina Harvati7 & Philipp Gunz1 Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H. heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, a the exact place and time of emergence of H. sapiens remain obscure because the fossil record is scarce and the chronological age of many key specimens remains uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the present day ‘modern’ morphology rapidly emerged approximately 200 thousand years ago (ka) among earlier representatives of H. sapiens1 or evolved gradually over the last 400 thousand years2. Here we report newly discovered human fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and interpret the affinities of the hominins from this site with other archaic and recent human groups. We identified a mosaic of features including facial, mandibular and dental morphology that aligns the Jebel Irhoud material with early or recent anatomically modern humans and more primitive neurocranial and endocranial morphology. In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating)3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established. Furthermore, it shows that the evolutionary processes behind the emergence of H. sapiens involved the whole African continent. In 1960, mining operations in the Jebel Irhoud massif 55 km south- east of Safi, Morocco exposed a Palaeolithic site in the Pleistocene filling of a karstic network.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluación De Las Capacidades Cognitivas De Homo Neanderthalensis E Implicaciones En La Transición Paleolítico Medio-Paleotíco Superior En Eurasia
    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA DEPARTAMENTO DE PREHISTORIA TESIS DOCTORAL Evaluación de las capacidades cognitivas de Homo Neanderthalensis e implicaciones en la transición Paleolítico Medio-Paleotíco Superior en Eurasia MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Carlos Burguete Prieto DIRECTOR José Yravedra Sainz de Terreros Madrid Ed. electrónica 2019 © Carlos Burguete Prieto, 2018 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA Departamento de Prehistoria EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CAPACIDADES COGNITIVAS DE HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS E IMPLICACIONES EN LA TRANSICIÓN PALEOLÍTICO MEDIO – PALEOLÍTICO SUPERIOR EN EURASIA MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Carlos Burguete Prieto Bajo la dirección del doctor José Yravedra Sainz de Terreros MADRID, 2018 ©Carlos Burguete Prieto, 2018 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA Departamento de Prehistoria EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CAPACIDADES COGNITIVAS DE HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS E IMPLICACIONES EN LA TRANSICIÓN PALEOLÍTICO MEDIO – PALEOLÍTICO SUPERIOR EN EURASIA TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por Carlos Burguete Prieto Dirigida Por Dr. José Yravedra Sainz De Terreros MADRID, 2018 A Álvaro, mi hermano. AGRADECIMIENTOS (en orden alfabético): A Abel Amón por facilitarme documentación gráfica de difícil acceso referente a varios sitios arqueológicos de Rusia y Cáucaso. A Eva Barriocanal (Servicio de depósito del Museo Arqueológico de Bilbao) por su amable atención y disposición a permitirme analizar piezas procedentes del abrigo de Axlor. A Francesco d’Errico (Université de Bordeaux) por compartir sus opiniones y facilitarme información sobre piezas procedentes de la Grotte de Peyrere, Francia. A Luis de Miguel (Director del Museo Arqueológico de Murcia) por facilitarme amablemente el acceso a los restos humanos hallados en la Sima de las Palomas, Murcia.
    [Show full text]
  • Jürgen Richter Social Memory Among
    Social memory among late Neanderthals Jürgen Richter Jörg Orschiedt, Gerd-Christian Weniger (ed.), Neander- thals and Modern Humans – Discussing the Transition. Central and Eastern Europe from 50.000 – 30.000 B.P. Mettmann, 30-41 2000 Universität zu Köln Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Weyertal 125 50923 Köln www.ufg.uni-koeln.de J~JRGENRICHTER - SOCIALMEMORY AMONG LATE NEANDERTHALS SOCIAL MEMORY AMONG LATE NEANDERTHALS Jurgen Richter Between the first and the second glacial maximum (i.e. between 60.000 and 28.000 B. P., Oxygen Isotope Stage 3) a patchwork of different social memory units occurred in Central and Eastern Europe. The exchange of information becomes evident within well defined but flexible boundaries. It is the first time in the history of man in Europe that some typological features can be securely attributed to a specific time range and region of origin. A comparison of three major stratigraphies shows that technological features are superimposed on typological features. Artefacts began to represent their makers, thus indicating entities of social memory and lines of tradition. Hence, early OIS 3 Neanderthal behaviour seems to prepare the emergence of the European Upper Palaeolithic during late OIS 3. 2. A DEFINITION OF SOCIAL MEMORY Social memory can be understood as the ability of a group of humans to maintain a specific set of information by means of tradition over many generations. Social memory contains a pool of ideas and concepts which are shared by a group of humans. 3. DEMOGRAPHYAND TRADITION The more individuals contribute to such a pool, and participate in it, the higher the chance for successful tradition and for long-term maintenance of the pool's contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Punctured Reindeer Phalanges from the Mousterian of Combe Grenal (France)
    Arheološki vestnik (Arh. vest.) 52, 2001, str. 17-23 17 Punctured reindeer phalanges from the Mousterian of Combe Grenal (France) Philip G. CHASE Izvleček Abstract V musterjenskih nivojih najdišča Combe Grenal je bilo najdenih There are a number of reindeer phalanges from the Mousterian več prstnih členkov severnega jelena, ki so preluknjani. Vse luknje levels of Combe Grenal with holes penetrating into the marrow cav- se odpirajo v medularno votlino. Mnoge najdbe spominjajo na ity. Many of these resemble and could have been used as whistles. žvižgalke in ni izključeno, da so bile tudi uporabljene kot žvižgalke. However, it is clear that many of the holes are due to natural cau-ses, Po drugi strani pa je mnogo lukenj nedvomno naravnega nastanka. and in the remaining cases, the cause of the hole is ambiguous, often Pri ostalih je nastanek lukenj nejasen zaradi delovanja po-sediment- because of post-depositional chemical corrosion of the bone. This ne kemične korozije. Najdbe iz Combe Grenala tako ne potrjujejo assemblage thus neither proves nor disproves the existence of either niti ne zavračajo obstoj glasbe in simbolov v evropskem srednjem music or symbolism during the Middle Paleolithic of Europe. paleolitiku. BACKGROUND implies an arbitrary meaning for a sign or signal - arbi- trary in the sense of purely conventional.1 Since the Reindeer phalanges with holes penetrating into the sound of a reindeer-phalange whistle has no “natural” marrow cavity have been recovered from numerous meaning, the use of whistles for signaling would Middle Paleolithic sites in Europe. Very early in the imply the use of symbolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary and Behavioral Strategies Of
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2011 Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis Kristin Lynn Krueger University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Krueger, Kristin Lynn, "Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 92. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/92 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology By Kristin L. Krueger University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Anthropology, 2003 University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Spanish, 2003 Western Michigan University Master of Arts in Anthropology, 2006 May 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT The extreme gross wear of Neandertal anterior teeth has been a topic of debate for decades. Several ideas have been proposed, including the excessive mastication of grit- laden foods and non-dietary anterior tooth use, or using the anterior dentition as a clamp or tool.
    [Show full text]
  • Krapina 3: Cut Marks and Ritual Behavior?
    PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 108, No 4, 519–524, 2006 CODEN PDBIAD ISSN 0031-5362 Original scientific paper Krapina 3: Cut Marks and Ritual Behavior? Abstract DAVID W. FRAYER1 JÖRG ORSCHIEDT2 Incisions on the frontal of the Krapina 3 cranium differ from other cut JILL COOK3 marks from the site. Thirty-five, mostly parallel marks course up the frontal MARY DORIA RUSSELL4 JAKOV RADOV^I]5 from right of the midline, just posterior to the supraorbitale point to left of the midline, slightly anterior to bregma. They are angled mostly perpendic- 1 Department of Anthropology ular to the midsagittal plane, averaging 5.2 mm in length and are on aver- University of Kansas age 1.2 mm apart. The marks' characteristics are not consistent with scalp- Lawrence, KS, USA 66045 ing, cannibalism, defleshing or other perimortem activities described for E-mail: [email protected] Neandertals or modern groups. These marks represent a type of funereal be- 2 Archaeologie, Historisches Centrum Hagen havior yet to be documented in Neandertals and suggest a kind of ritual Eilper Strasse 71–75 treatment of the deceased. 58091 Hagen, Germany 3 Head of Prehistory Department of Prehistory and Europe The British Museum INTRODUCTION London WC1B 3DG, UK one modifications attributed to cannibalism in fossil humans were 4 4083 Princeton Boulevard Brecorded at the Krapina Neandertal site in 1899 by Dragutin Cleveland Ohio 44121, USA Gorjanovi}-Kramberger. These observations were some of his first in- 5 Croatian Natural History Museum terpretations of the Neandertal bones from Krapina and the first, any- Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia where for cannibalism at a Neandertal site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Lithic Production Systems to the Interpretation Of
    The contribution of lithic production systems to the interpretation of Mousterian industrial variability in south-western France: The example of Combe-Grenal (Dordogne, France) Jean-Philippe Faivre, Emmanuel Discamps, Brad Gravina, Alain Turq, Jean-Luc Guadelli, Michel Lenoir To cite this version: Jean-Philippe Faivre, Emmanuel Discamps, Brad Gravina, Alain Turq, Jean-Luc Guadelli, et al.. The contribution of lithic production systems to the interpretation of Mousterian industrial variability in south-western France: The example of Combe-Grenal (Dordogne, France). Quaternary International, Elsevier, 2014, 350, pp.227-240. 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.048. hal-01139414 HAL Id: hal-01139414 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139414 Submitted on 23 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The contribution of lithic production systems to the interpretation of Mousterian industrial variability in south-western France: The example of Combe-Grenal (Dordogne, France) Jean-Philippe Faivre, Emmanuel Discamps, Brad Gravina, Alain Turq, Jean-Luc Guadelli, Michel Lenoir a b s t r a c t Keywords: Mousterian variability Disentangling the relative contribution of the various factors underlying Middle Palaeolithic industrial Combe-Grenal Primary flaking strategies variability remains one of the foremost problems for researchers interested in Neandertal technological Raw material provisioning strategies and behavioural adaptations.
    [Show full text]
  • Escorbuto En Los Neandertales? Posibles Casos En Combegrenal Domme, Francia
    ESCORBUTO EN LOS NEANDERTALES? POSIBLES CASOS EN COMBEGRENAL DOMME, FRANCIA Resumen: El presente trabajo versa sobre tres restos humanos hallados por F. Bordes en la cueva francesa de Combe-Grenal y que forman parte del conjunto de veintiocho fósiles en- contrados en el nivel 25 (~75/65 ky) asignados a H. s. neanderthalensis y acompañados de Musteriense (Quina). Los datos cronoestratigráfi cos y faunísticos documentan las condicio- nes de gran frío del OIS 4. Los fósiles descritos consisten en un pequeño fragmento de parietal (Combe-Grenal A) y dos mandíbulas incompletas, una atribuida a un adolescente (Combe-Grenal III-IV) y otra a un niño (Combe-Grenal I). Los tres restos tienen lesiones óseas que alteran los tejidos cor- ticales y son interpretadas como el resultado de una reacción por hemorragias crónicas. En el parietal puede deberse a rotura de algunos de los vasos de la arteria meníngea media. En la mandíbula juvenil parece relacionada con la vascularización profunda asociada con el múscu- lo temporal y la función del mismo, mientras que en la del niño puede ser debida a la arteria mental y esfuerzos realizados con la parte anterior de la boca. Las lesiones son interpretadas como causadas por escorbuto, teniendo en cuenta los da- tos obtenidos en los diversos casos identifi cados, la etiología de esta enfermedad y las condi- ciones medioambientales, casi periglaciales, en las que vivieron los Neanderthales estudiados, siendo la primera vez que se documenta tal patología en poblaciones pleistocenicas Palabras clave: Combe-Grenal, Sudoeste de Francia, Musteriense, Neanderthal, Escorbu- to, Porosidad, Enfermedad metabólica Summary: is paper analyzes three human bones found by F.
    [Show full text]