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Download the Full Article As Pdf ⬇︎ ecology Ornate butterflyfish Text by Ila France Porcher For many years, I held a weekly feeding session for the resident reef sharks and their visitors in the study area where I observed their behaviour. If I had enough shark food, I would scatter crumbs into the water for the fish after the sharks had left. The fish knew this, so they had to wait, and while they were waiting, they were excited. As the session wore on and darkness fell, they gathered. They would creep ever closer as the moment I would feed them approached. The surface glimmered with the continually Seeking Eye Contact circling needlefish, who looked — Fish Gaze Reveals Self-Awareness at me gravely with their big RICKARD ZERPE / WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / CC BY 2.0 eyes. Hundreds flashed through the silvery surface lights while while upon the ledges and in groupers whose purple bodies hands, and gesticulate in an Self-awareness focus of attention that they are some circled solemnly upcurrent. little nooks in the coral were rock were covered with stars that agitated cloud in front of my That these animals would make aware of using, or they would not Below them, wrasses, goatfish, cod and stonefish, looking at shone in that dim light. eyes. For a long period, one an effort to attract my attention have understood this. Such insight butterflyfish, angelfish, pennantfish me expectantly. To my left was They became impatient if I butterflyfish spent much of its suggested that they understood is connected with self-awareness. and many others flitted in an a deep grotto where crimson waited too long to start feeding time in front of my mask at each what attention was. They knew Those fish knew the routine and effervescent cloud. Fish hovered squirrelfish hung motionless, them, and intermittently would session while I watched the that while I was watching the the passage of time, and when in front of me, turning to look first gazing with huge black eyes, swim up to my mask to get my sharks—whenever I looked up, it sharks, they did not have my I swam down to pick up a scrap with one eye, then the other, while below them were large attention, flutter around my would be peering in at me. attention. They too must have a for them, they surrounded me. 59 X-RAY MAG : 99 : 2020 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Sea turtle with school of jack fish (left); Goatfish ecology (below) Fish Gaze Interaction solemn faces, moving languidly in to the sea, where it lay around in Months after I had stopped using midwater. Giant trevally (Caranx the shallows near the beach on that site, those fish were still in the ignobilis) occasionally whipped the property my husband and I vicinity, and remembered. When into the sessions, and there was an owned, in a cloud of fish. When I passed through at odd times, I enormous lone barracuda—likely I fed it, the fish ate the tidbits would hold my hands out to them, an elderly individual—who often scattering around us. I counted they swam into them, and I stroked joined me. But as the years passed, about a dozen species of reef them. I had fed birds all my life, but no big fish came any more. fish among them, but the most they never flew down around my Moorea Island was badly mobile and alert were small silver shoulders when I went outside. Yet, overfished, and though there jack fish. that was what these exquisite birds were “fisheries” authorities there, When I went to check on the of the sea would do. they would not interfere with turtle and feed it, the jack fish Initially, the occasional large poachers. Anyone who wished to appeared around me in the fish came through the shark make a lot of money was free to lapping waves as I sat down to sessions. I regularly saw blue jack plunder as they wished. put on my mask, snorkel and fish (Caranx melampygus), titan fins. When I glided out, they triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens), Intelligent awareness surrounded me, swimming in and there was even a pair of Another notable example of formation with the leaders a metre gorgeous spangled emperorfish the intelligent awareness of in front. They escorted me to the (Lethrinus nebulosus) who waited fish developed while I was sea turtle—I never had any trouble at the site each session. They rehabilitating a sea turtle. The finding it as long as it was nearby. were half-metre long, pale fish, marine reptile had recovered While I fed the sea turtle, the with lavish decorations and from illness well enough to return fish formed a cloud around COURTESY OF ILA FRANCE PORCHER Needlefish hung, pointing at me shy sharks that might be cruising spending their time near the at the surface, from my mask all downcurrent. sand and feeding on the scraps, the way across the open circle of For a long period, a among which they favoured the feeding site. yellow trumpetfish stayed the red ones. These were usually So, I would scatter a handful companionably nearby and too big for one fish alone, so a of the scrap meat to the even drifted around the site with group of them would pick one up squirrelfish and cod, pushing me, though it never appeared and carry it into the coral where larger chunks deeper for the to be moving. Vertical in the they could all nibble it in private. groupers; spray a handful on water, and about half a metre Here was a demonstration of the surface for the needlefish; long, it propelled itself subtly with cooperation among them. several handfuls around for the its tiny rippling fins. I learnt what Once, when there were few wrasses, butterflyfish and goatfish; was truly motivating it when it scraps, I took the piece away a handful to my right to the fish suddenly shot vertically in front of from them and put it back on the waiting there; and then, begin my eyes and trapped a rainbow pile. The perch came back and all over again, trying to make wrasse in its elongated mouth. took that same piece, carrying sure that each patiently waiting The wrasse’s bright markings were it between them again, in spite creature got some. I alternately visible through the trumpetfish’s of the presence of three dozen fed them and cruised around, transparent, yellow skin as it slowly excited reef sharks. From time to whereon they covered my swallowed it, while its companions time, I noticed groups of perch lookout, searching for crumbs fluttered near, watching. moving off with the red scraps that might have dropped, when the food was first put on and accompanied me in a Cooperation the sand, though usually at the giant, glittering cloud, making it A large school of sea perch beginning, I was too busy with the problematic to sneak up on any attended the shark sessions, sharks to watch the fish. COURTESY PORCHER ILA FRANCE OF 60 X-RAY MAG : 99 : 2020 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Sea turtle with school of jack fish (right); ecology Trumpetfish (below) Fish Gaze us, and though they took the These animals together seemed too far. The fish were swirling particles of food drifting away, to form a companionable around my feet as I waited on the there was no greedy rush community, one in which I beach, but when the kayak was forward in spite of the hundreds seemed to be accepted as a still 15 metres away, they all went of individuals present. In deeper participant. Even a stonefish streaming out to meet it! water, the multispecies school joined us. And a whitetip shark, However, the most striking filled the volume of a room. who hunted the drop-off at the incident illustrating the faculties When I returned to the beach, edge of the fringe reef, would of those fish occurred when some of the jack fish always perform a circle into the beach I was walking along on the came with me, a few taking as it passed. large black rocks that lined the the lead, while others swam There was another beach on shore between the beaches, companionably around me. our property, about 50 metres looking for the sea turtle, one When the turtle and I swam away. As the sea turtle extended day when it had strayed. The together, they came too, but its range, sometimes it clambered turtle’s fish came streaming if the sea turtle roamed too far out onto it, and I would go and towards me, and though I was away, they would not follow. carry it back. Its fish friends would high above the water, they saw When looking for the sea turtle, be at our beach waiting for us by me and milled around in the scanning the water from the the time I arrived with the turtle water below. Obviously, they shore, I would often see them on foot. On another occasion, my recognized me from beneath coming back, which told me the husband went to fetch the sea the surface, though they had direction the turtle had taken. turtle in his kayak when it strayed never seen me there before. I COURTESY OF ILA FRANCE PORCHER must have looked very different inner lives. For example, one day and four centimetres apart, and standing on the rocks above, on a dive, my husband and I met their look was serious and intent.
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