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Rubiaceae) Necessitated by the Polyphyly of Bikkia Reinw

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Reinstatement of the endemic New Caledonian genus Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae) necessitated by the polyphyly of Bikkia Reinw. as currently circumscribed Laure BARRABÉ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR AMAP, Laboratoire de Botanique et d’Écologie végétale appliquées, Herbarium NOU, BPA5, F-98848 Nouméa (New Caledonia) [email protected] Arnaud MOULY Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, IUFM de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon (France) [email protected] Porter P. LOWRY II Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299 (USA) [email protected] and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7205, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Jérôme MUNZINGER Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR AMAP, Laboratoire de Botanique et d’Écologie végétale appliquées, Herbarium NOU, BPA5, F-98848 Nouméa (New Caledonia) [email protected] Barrabé L., Mouly A., Lowry II P. P. & Munzinger J. 2011. — Reinstatement of the endemic New Caledonian genus Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae) necessitated by the polyphyly of Bikkia Reinw. as currently circumscribed. Adansonia, sér. 3, 33 (1) : 115-134. DOI: 10.5252/ a2011n1a8. ABSTRACT Th e genus Bikkia Reinw. as currently circumscribed comprises 20 species dis- tributed throughout the western Pacifi c Ocean, with a center of diversity in New Caledonia (11 species, all but one endemic). Two recent phylogenetic studies based respectively on molecular and morphological data have shown that Bikkia s.l. is polyphyletic, comprising two lineages: coastal Bikkia from the western Pacifi c (including the type species of the genus, B. tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich.) and endemic New Caledonian Bikkia, a situation that necessitates the resurrection ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 115 Barrabé L. et al. of the generic name Th iollierea Montrouz., the oldest available for the second KEY WORDS Rubiaceae, of these groups. An emended description is provided for Th iollierea as well as Bikkia, a summary of the features that distinguish it from Bikkia s.s., and seven new Th iollierea, New Caledonia, combinations are proposed (T. kaalaensis (N.Hallé & Jérémie) Barrabé & Mouly, endemic genus, T. lenormandii (N.Hallé & Jérémie) Barrabé & Mouly, T. neriifolia (Brongn.) polyphyly, Barrabé & Mouly, T. pachyphylla (Guillaumin) Barrabé & Mouly, T. parvifl ora taxonomic reinstatement, (Schltr. & K.Krause) Barrabé & Mouly, T. retusifl ora (Brongn.) Barrabé & new combinations. Mouly and T. tubifl ora (Brongn.) Barrabé & Mouly). RÉSUMÉ Rétablissement taxonomique du genre Th iollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae) endé- mique de Nouvelle-Calédonie, nécessité par la polyphylie de Bikkia Reinw. tel qu’actuellement défi ni. Le genre Bikkia Reinw. s.l. tel qu’il est défi ni actuellement comporte 20 espèces réparties sur l’ensemble du Pacifi que ouest. Son centre de diversité se trouve en Nouvelle-Calédonie avec 11 espèces, dont 10 endémiques de l’archipel. Deux études phylogénétiques récentes obtenues respectivement à partir de données moléculaires et morphologiques, ont démontré la polyphylie de Bikkia s.l., ainsi que l’existence de deux lignées évolutives : les Bikkia côtiers du Pacifi que ouest (incluant l’espèce type du genre, B. tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich.) et les Bikkia endémiques néo-calédoniens. Il convient désormais de rétablir le nom de genre Th iollierea Montrouz., le plus ancien des noms valides et disponibles, pour les MOTS CLÉS Rubiaceae, espèces du second groupe. Des descriptions formelle et diagnostique sont ainsi Bikkia, proposées pour caractériser le genre Th iollierea et le distinguer du genre Bikkia Th iollierea, Nouvelle-Calédonie, s.s. Sept nouvelles combinaisons sont eff ectuées (T. kaalaensis (N.Hallé & Jéré- genre endémique, mie) Barrabé & Mouly, T. lenormandii (N.Hallé & Jérémie) Barrabé & Mouly, polyphylie, T. neriifolia (Brongn.) Barrabé & Mouly, T. pachyphylla (Guillaumin) Barrabé & rétablissement taxonomique, Mouly, T. parvifl ora (Schltr. & K.Krause) Barrabé & Mouly, T. retusifl ora (Brongn.) combinaisons nouvelles. Barrabé & Mouly et T. tubifl ora (Brongn.) Barrabé & Mouly). INTRODUCTION by Linnaeus fi l. for Portlandia tetrandra, making B. grandifl ora a superfl uous name (McNeill et al. Th e genus Bikkia Reinw. as currently circumscribed 2006). Five years later, Richard (1830) transferred comprises c. 20 species and occurs throughout the the Linnaean entity to Bikkia in order to distinguish Western Pacifi c, with half its members found in it from the Caribbean taxon recognized by Browne New Caledonia and the remainder shared among (Richard 1830). Some subsequent 19th century Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and Indonesia. Th e authors such as Montrouzier (1860) and Brongni- type species, B. tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich., was based art (1865) distinguished two morphological groups on a specimen from the Savage Islands (= Niue) within Bikkia. Th e fi rst of these includes coastal originally described as Portlandia tetrandra L.f. species with a broad distribution whose members (Linnaeus 1782), expanding the range of this genus, are restricted to littoral sites on limestone. Various which was initially based on material from Jamaica authors have recognized from three to ten species in (Browne 1756). Reinwardt’s (1825) protologue of this group, whose taxonomic history has been very Bikkia included a single species, B. grandifl ora Reinw. complex. Rafi nesque-Schmaltz (1820) fi rst used the ex Blume, whose type is the same specimen used name Cormigonus Raf. for the entity now known as 116 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (1) Reinstatement of the New Caledonian genus Th iollierea Montrouz. Bikkia, but he did not associate any species with it. sampled by Motley et al. (2005: 317, appendix) (viz. Th e later and more widely used name Bikkia was B. artensis (Montrouz.) Guillaumin, B. macrophylla recently accepted for conservation against Cormigonus (Brongn.) K.Schum., B. neriifolia (Brongn.) Schltr. (McNeill et al. 2006). Another generic name, Bik- and B. tubifl ora (Brongn.) Schltr.), along with a single kiopsis Brongn., described in 1865 for a single New sampled species of Morierina Vieill. Th e latter taxon Caledonian species (Bikkio psis pancheri Brongn., a is a genus of two species likewise endemic to New member of the coastal group), was placed in syn- Caledonia (Vieillard 1865; Brongniart & Gris 1871; onymy under Bikkia by some authors (Guillaumin Guillaumin 1948). Th e clade comprising the New 1909; Jérémie & Hallé 1976) but retained by others Caledonian endemic Bikkia and Morierina in turn (Brongniart 1865; Baumann-Bodenheim 1989). is sister to the monospecifi c genus Siemensia Urb., Th e second group of species currently included endemic to Cuba. in Bikkia comprises ten species endemic to New A second phylogenetic study based on morpho- Caledonia, all restricted to ultramafi c substrates (Jaf- logical data (Barrabé 2006), which included all fré et al. 1994) and occurring at various elevations, endemic New Caledonian members of the genus, from lowland sites to the highest mountains. Several likewise revealed two monophyletic groups that are generic names have been published to accommodate fully congruent with those identifi ed by Motley et al. members of this second group: Th iollierea Mon- (2005). Th e morphological phylogeny placed the ten trouz., initially based on a single species, T. artensis endemic New Caledonian species within a clade that Montrouz. (Montrouzier 1860), to which two more is sister to a clade comprising representatives of the species were added later (Baumann-Bodenheim previously recognized tribe Chiococceae, and these 1989); Tatea Seem. for another species (Seemann two clades are in turn sister to the genus Morierina. 1865-1873); and Grisia Brongn. for eight species Th e coastal species of Bikkia, on the other hand, (Brongniart 1865; Brongniart & Gris 1871), all form a monophyletic group, although its position of which were subsequently included in Bikkia was unresolved. Th e phylogenetic analyses of Motley by various authors (Schumann 1891; Schlechter et al. (2005) and Barrabé (2006) both suggest that 1905, 1906; Guillaumin 1909, 1930; Guillau- in order to maintain monophyly at the generic level, min & Beauvisage 1913; Jérémie & Hallé 1976). the views of earlier workers (Montrouzier 1860; A total of 17 names is validly published for the 10 Brongniart 1865; Seemann 1865-1873; Brongniart & currently recognized species of Bikkia restricted to Gris 1871) may have to be re-adopted by excluding New Caledonia (Jérémie & Hallé 1976). the New Caledonian endemics from Bikkia. As the In a molecular study of the Catesbaeeae-Chiococceae type of Bikkia (B. tetrandra) belongs to the coastal Complex (CCC) based on nuclear and chloroplast Bikkia clade, which thus comprises Bikkia s.s., it DNA data (trnL-F and ITS), Motley et al. (2005) appears necessary to place the members of the New sequenced seven of the 20 species of Bikkia recognized Caledonian endemic clade in a separate genus, for by Jérémie & Hallé (1976). While their analyses did which several names are available, viz. Grisia, Tatea, not fully resolve relationships within the complex, the and Th iollierea, the latter of which, described by results suggest that Bikkia, as currently circumscribed, Montrouzier in 1860, has priority. is not monophyletic, with members belonging to two In this paper we 1) review
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    Environmental Impact IV 489 FATE OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST FROM MINING ACTIVITIES IN NEW CALEDONIA AND THE IMPACT ON THE NICKEL CONTENT OF LICHEN ESTELLE ROTH1, EMMANUEL RIVIERE1, JEREMIE BURGALAT1, NADIA NGASSA1, YAYA DEMBELE1, MARIAM ZAITER1, ABDEL CHAKIR1, CAMILLE PASQUET2, RONAN PIGEAU2 & PEGGY GUNKEL-GRILLON2 1GSMA UMR CNRS 7331, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France ²ISEA, University of New Caledonia, Canada ABSTRACT Nickel mining in New Caledonia proceeds in open pit mining. Therefore, bare soil surfaces submitted to wind blow and mining operation (earthwork, excavating, transport, etc.) are a source of particulate matter. These phenomena produce essentially coarse metal rich dusts which undergo regional atmospheric transport. This study aims to determine how the mining activities can impact the environment and the population in conjunction with the presence of particles in the atmosphere via the wind transport. In this work, Koniambo (KNS) is the target mine, a new plant and mining site created in 2010 in the north of New Caledonia. Particle matter with diameter below 10 µm (PM10) was measured in three sites surrounding the KNS mine to follow the population exposition to particulate matter. Air mass trajectory modelling was carried out to identify the sources of high PM10 events (above 50 µg/m3) in these locations and to elaborate a density map of air mass trajectories. Five mines appeared to contribute more or less to rich PM10 air masses: KNS, Népoui, Poro, Kouaoua and Monéo. A density map of air mass trajectories originating from these mines showed areas where the lower atmosphere is potentially impacted by mining dust. As lichens are known for their air pollution bioindication properties, lichens were sampled in areas with high, medium and poor trajectory densities and their Ni and Ti content were analyzed.
  • Tableau Recap Registre Trp-Vlc 20191118

    Tableau Recap Registre Trp-Vlc 20191118

    REGISTRE DES TRANSPORTS PUBLICS ROUTIERS DE PERSONNES AU 18 NOVEMBRE 2019 Prochaine mise à jour : JANVIER 2020 Notez bien : Le listing ci-dessous recense les opérateurs ayant effectués leur DPA (Déclaration Préalable d'Activité) pour l'année 2019. Dans ce document, et conformément à la règlementation en vigueur, les opérateurs se sont engagés à être à jour de leurs contrôles techniques et de leurs assurances de transport de personnes à titre onéreux. CATEGORIE ANNEE N° REGISTRE NOM DIRIGEANT RAISON SOCIALE ENSEIGNE COMMERCIALE RIDET COMMUNES (Siège) TRP 2004 04-046 THEVEDIN Miguel GIE NEDEE 0 601 344.001 BOULOUPARIS TRP 2008 08-030 POANOUI épouse BOA Diana THIAMYA TRANSPORT 0 871 673.001 BOULOUPARIS TRP 2009 09-049 UHILA Victorio 0 560 367.003 BOULOUPARIS TRP 2012 12-003 GUIEYSSE Martial 1 046 523.001 BOULOUPARIS TRP 2000 00-031 PANTALONI Yannick SARL ARC EN CIEL BOURAIL SARL ARC EN CIEL BOURAIL 0 575 878.001 BOURAIL TRP 2016 16-021 ROBERT-TRAEGER Noëlle-Gratienne SARL BOURAIL BUS BOURAIL BUS 1 301 191.001 BOURAIL TRP 2017 17-043 DIROUA épouse SALAÜN Ingrid MY LITTLE GINGER GWEN 0 962 944.001 BOURAIL VLC 2019 19-001 BLOMME Graziella, Maité BOURAIL SHUTTLE SERVICE 1 414 754.001 BOURAIL TRP 2001 01-013 DATHIEUX Jean-Charles 0 459 917.001 CANALA TRP 2002 02-039 NECHERO Benoît 0 232 694.004 CANALA TRP 2002 02-042 PICANON Camillo 0 222 398.003 CANALA TRP 2007 07-038 KASOVIMOIN épouse VAKIE Chrystelle 0 690 263.002 CANALA TRP 2008 08-010 MIDJA Jacky 0 823 278.001 CANALA TRP 2008 08-032 NEDJA Wilfrid TRANSPORT KENDJA 0 608 471.002 CANALA TRP
  • Gausȧli Bikkia Tetrandra

    Gausȧli Bikkia Tetrandra

    Gausȧli March 2017 Bikkia tetrandra Native Plants of Guam ausȧli is a shrub that is endemic to Guam and the Northern Mariana GIslands. It is usually found growing on limestone cliff faces close to the ocean. Other Common Names: Torch wood, Sialetafa (Tonga) Synonyms: Bikkia australis, Bikkia australis var. commersoniana, Bikkia australis var. fosteriana, Bikkia comptonii, Bikkia forsteriana, Bikkia grandiflora, Bikkia hombroniana, Bikkia mariannensis, Bikkiopsis comptonii, Cormigonus tetrandus, Hoffmannia amicorum, Petesia carnosa, Portlandia tetrandra Family Name: Rubiaceae Plant Appearance Distinctive feature: Its attractive Gausȧli flowersa. flowers have been nominated to be the Territorial Flower of Guam. Leaf Shape: Obovate, entire, and petiolate Arrangement: Opposite Type: Simple Flower Size: 2-2.5 in. Color: White Shape: The flowers are shaped like Gausȧli leavesa. Gausȧli fruita. trumpets with square bells. Arrangement: The flowers are square in cross section and petals occur two to three together in leaf axils. Flowering period: Year-round Habit Typical height: Up to 10 ft. Fruit Type: The fruit is a fibrous, woody two- celled capsule (dehiscent). b a Size: About 1 in., elongated Gausȧli seeds . Gausȧli seedling . College of Natural & Applied Sciences USDA is an equal University of Guam | Unibetsedåt Guahan opportunity employer and provider. Color: Dark brown Notes How to Use This Plant Number of seeds: 100+ tiny seeds This publication is an update of: Edible: Not edible Gausȧli is a coastal shrub that is easy to Devin Frazier and Thera Santos. care for. 2006. Gausali. Guam Department of Agriculture. 2pp. Growing Your Own Agroforestry: Informal hedge, ornamental, erosion control For Further Information PROPAGATION Wildlife: None Forestry & Soil Resources Division Form: Seeds Other uses: The stems can be used to make torches or candles and the Guam Department of Agriculture Seed collection: When collecting flowers are used for garlands.