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Felinos ESTUDO DA NATUREZA Amigo Material preparado espe- cialmente para classe de amigo (10 anos) N° 56 Ano 4/2016 2ª Edição www.mundodasespecialidades.com.br Felinos ESTUDO DA NATUREZA Ministério dos Desbravadores Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia mundodasespecialidades [email protected] mundodasespecialidades www.mundodasespecialidades.com.br EXPEDIENTE 2ª Edição: Disponível em www.mundodasespecialidades.com.br Direção Geral: Khelven Klay de Azevedo Lemos Diagramação e Edição: Khelven Klay de A. Lemos Coord. de Guias das Especialidades: Thomé Duarte Editoração e Revisão : Aretha Stephanie Autor: Khelven Klay Impressão: Servgrafica Editora O que vem por aí /// por Mundo das Especialidades SITE MUNDO DAS ESPECIALIDADES Telefones:(84)8778-0532 E-mail:[email protected] O site do Mundo das Especialidades já havia sido lançado, já esta- Site: www.mundodasespecialidades.com va funcionando no ar, só faltava uma coisa... uma atenção especial Facebook:Facebook.com/mundodasespecialidades Éas matérias de especialidades. Foi no ano de 2012, que os então conhecidos guias das especialidades ganharão sua primeira diagrama- DIREITOS RESERVADOS: ção. A escolhida da época foi a especialidade de felinos, assim que foi A reprodução deste material seja de forma total ou divulgada, foi um sucesso. Quando olho para os nossos guias atuais e parcial de seus textos ou imagens é permitida, des- comparo com os do passado enxergo o quanto o evoluímos tanto no que de que seja referenciado o Mundo das Especialida- des e seus autores pela nova autoria ao fim de seu se refere a conteúdo quando no aspecto gráfico. Para comemorar, resolve- material. Todos os direitos reservados para Mundo mos reeditar a nossa especialidade nº1. Agora ela vem recheada de novas das Especialidades informações, ilustrações e fotografias. Esse nosso pulsar por novidades nos deixa inquietos como equipe, sabendo que está especialidade muitas UNIÃO NORDESTE BRASILEIRA UNIÃO LESTE BRASILEIRA das vezes é a primeira que muitos desbravadores estudam, então que esta seja o começo de um primoroso caminho de conhecimentos dentro deste IGREJA ADVENTISTA DO SÉTIMO DIA Ministério incrível! MINISTÉRIO DOS DESBRAVADORES Natal, RN, Julho de 2016 QUEM ESCREVE Sou diretor do site Mundo das Especialidades. Zootecnista pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Líder investido e atualmente trabalho com o Clube de Líderes, aqui na Missão Nordeste, UNeB. KHELVEN KLAY Bom Estudo! Guia das Especialidades ESTUDO DA NATUREZA Introdução Os gatos domésticos podem ser atendidos pelos nomes cien- tíficos Felis silvestris catus ou, simplesmente, Felis catus. O processo de domesticação desses animais é pouco elucidado, sendo que há linhas de pesquisa que apontam que tais indivíduos podem ter passa- do por um processo de “autodomesticação”, ou seja: tendo pouca ou mesmo nenhuma participação da nossa espécie, diretamente falando. Acredita-se que tal fato está relacionado ao plantio intensivo de cereais, Leopardo há cerca de 10.000 anos, que propiciou a atração de roedores, com a O leopardo é o que tem a tática de caça consequente atração dos gatos para tais locais. Registros egípcios, mais sofisticada. África que remontam a mais de 2.300 a.C. já apresentavam referências ao convívio humano com esses felídeos. Os gatos pertencem a ordem carnívora, na qual os animais tem dentes cortantes e salientes, e consomem carne. Outras características comuns a todos os carnívoros é que possuem o corpo peludo e com garras nas patas. Os gatos são muito silenciosos. Esta é uma heran- ça de seus antepassados que fazem deles caçadores ainda melhores. Isto porque suas patas têm uma densa pelagem, abafando os ruídos que elas produzem contra o chão.Possuem o hábito higiênico de se lamberem, Guepardo Felinos Selvagens o guepardo é mais veloz. África As principais espécies de felinos abaixo dividem democratica- mente a vantagem nas principais características de caça. Todos eles são carnívoros e muitas vezes disputam as mesmas presas. “Mas es- sas semelhanças não são suficientes para comparar e avaliar se uma espécie de felino caça melhor que outra”, diz o biólogo Rogério de Paula, do Centro Nacional de Pesquisas para Conservação dos Preda- dores Naturais. “A sobrevivência da espécie ao longo do tempo, sim, é um forte indício de que o estilo de caça é eficiente”. Revista Mundo Estranho Leão O leão ataca em grupo– África Tigre Onça Pintada Puma o tigre abate presas maiores - África Dentada mais violenta (América) Planejadora para capturar suas presas Felinos * Estudo da Natureza ........................................................02 www.mundodasespecialidades.com.br Guia das Especialidades ESTUDO DA NATUREZA Você sabia? Por que os olhos dos gatos brilham no escuro? Na verdade nenhum animal possui olhos Olhos que brilham no escuro. O que acontece é Nos felinos, os músculos da íris que circunda- que muitos vertebrados terrestres com mas pupilas são construídos de modo a per- hábitos de caça noturna (como alguns mitir que elas se contraiam verticalmente, répteis e diversos mamíferos) possuem formando uma fenda, e dilatem até ocupar uma superfície na retina conhecida como quase todo o globo ocular, permitindo a en- tapetum lucidum. Essa parte do olho trada do máximo de luz. funciona como um espelho e ajuda esses animais a enxergarem melhor no escuro, pois reflete a luz de volta para a camada fotorreceptora, fornecendo uma segunda oportunidade para a imagem ser captada adequadamente. A composição dessa su- perfície refletora é bastante diversificada, mas funciona da mesma maneira em to- dos os animais. Quando estão no escuro, a pupila dos bichos fica inteiramente dila- tada e expõe o tapetum lucidum. Por isso, quando um feixe de luz vindo de um farol ou mesmo do luar bate em seus olhos, essa superfície o reflete - e nos causa a im- pressão de que seus olhos brilham. Fonte: Roberto Calderon Gonçalves, coordenador do curso de veterinária da Faculdade de Medicina Veteri- nária e Zootecnia da Unesp em Botucatu Bigodes Dentes Nunca corte ou apare o bigode do seu gato! Os dentes dos felinos são pontiagudos e O bigode dos gatos (também conhecidos estão prontos para dilacerar a carne de como “pêlos táteis”) age como um detector suas presas. Gatos têm 30 dentes, enquan- de estí- mulos externos, fornecendo infor- to os cães possuem 42. Os dentes de leite mações sobre as imediações onde o animal são substituídos pelos permanentes, por está. É por isso que o bigode ajuda o gato a volta dos 7 meses de idade. sentir o ambiente em seu redor. Orelhas As orelhas dos gatos são protegidos por sua habilidade de movimento. Eles podem recuá-las. O ouvido interno é resguardado por uma série de canais dispostos na cabe- ça do animal, e que vão até os órgãos au- ditivos. Na entrada da orelha existe uma Patas e Unhas grande quantidade de pêlos, que funcio- Se você apertar as patas de um gato, verá que suas unhas nam como um filtro. Só com cerca de duas são retráteis. Essas unhas são afiadas e importantes para semanas de vida é que os gatos já ouvem que o animal possa se “fixar” melhor em algumas superfí- bem e os seus olhos abrem por volta do cies. Essa mesma estrutura também são encontradas nas sétimo dia. patas por exemplo de um leão, neste caso são as garras. 03 ........................................................Estudo da Natureza * Felinos www.mundodasespecialidades.com.br Guia das Especialidades ESTUDO DA NATUREZA Mitos sobre os gatos Na mídia! 1- Gatos odeiam água Depende do gato. Algumas raças, como o maine coon e o turkish van, Popular na rede adoram. Tanto que na falta de um rio ou lago, se enfiam debaixo de Se você gosta de ver piadinhas nas redes sociais, torneiras, dentro de banheiras e até em vasos sanitários. Para outras já deve ter visto a Grumpy Cat, uma gatinha vi- raças, é tudo questão de costume. “É bom lembrar que são animais ra-lata com uma cara permanente de ranzinza muito higiênicos e mesmo os que não gostam de água estão sempre devido ao nanismo. A gata ficou popular depois se lambendo para ficar limpos”, afirma a veterinária Tânia Fernandes, que um de seus donos postou uma foto sua no professora da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo. Reddit em 2012 e virou meme. Hoje a felina tem mais de 7 milhões de fãs no Facebook, já apare- 2- Eles enxergam no escuro ceu na primeira página do The Wall Street Jour- Quase. Eles têm uma visão noturna 10 vezes melhor do que a dos hu- nal, foi capa da revista New York e terá em bre- ve uma estátua de cera no Madame Tussauds, manos. Mas ainda é preciso haver alguma luz para que uma camada em São Francisco, nos EUA. extra de células que existe nos olhos dos gatos possa refleti-la de volta à retina, aumentando a visão. 3- Gato preto dá azar Essa é uma lenda contraditória. Em boa parte do Ocidente, a partir da Idade Média, surgiu a crença de que cruzar com um na rua era azar na certa. No Japão e no Reino Unido, é considerado um bom sinal. Pelo menos para os gatos, pode ser mesmo muita sorte: uma pesquisa do Instituto Nacional de Saúde dos EUA sugere que o gene que dá a co- loração preta ao animal também seria responsável por torná-lo imune ao vírus do HIV felino. 4- Eles não podem ser adestrados Apesar da fama de insubordinados, podem sim. “Com um pouco de paciência e as técnicas certas, gatos podem aprender os mesmos tru- ques que os cachorros”, afirma o adestrador Gustavo Campelo, de São Paulo. Na Rússia, há 30 anos, o Teatro dos Gatos de Moscou conta com mais de 120 gatos que fazem acrobacias, andam em corda bam- ba e equilibram bolas no nariz. 5- Gatos tem 7 vidas Bem que eles gostariam. Em alguns países no Hemisfério Norte, a len- da diz que eles tem até 9.
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