Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 13 Issue 1 Revisiting the Life and Work of Raphaël Article 2 Lemkin 4-2019 Full Issue 13.1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2019) "Full Issue 13.1," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 13: Iss. 1: 1-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.13.1 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol13/iss1/2 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1911-0359 eISSN 1911-9933 Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 13.1 - 2019 ii ©2019 Genocide Studies and Prevention 13, no. 1 iii Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/ Volume 13.1 - 2019 Editorials Christian Gudehus, Susan Braden, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz, and Lior Zylberman Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Benjamin Meiches and Jeff Benvenuto Guest Editorial: Between Hagiography and Wounded Attachment: Raphaël Lemkin and the Study of Genocide ...............................................................................................................2 Articles Jonathan Hobson Three Theoretical Approaches to Lemkin’s Definition of Genocide ........................................11 Jonathan Hobson Prosecuting Lemkin’s Concept of Genocide: Successes and Controversies. ...........................19 Steven Leonard Jacobs The Complicated Cases of Soghomon Tehlirian and Sholem Schwartzbard and Their Influences on Raphaël Lemkin’s Thinking About Genocide. ..............................................33 Charlotte Kiechel Legible Testimonies: Raphaël Lemkin, the Victim’s Voice, and the Global History of Genocide .............................................................................................................. 42 Mark Klamberg Raphaël Lemkin in Stockholm - Significance for his Work on “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. ....................................................................................................................................64 Elena Lesley Cultural Impairment and the Genocidal Potential of Intoxicants: Alcohol Use in Colonial North America. .......................................................................................................................88 Thomas Earl Porter In Defense of Peace: Aron Trainin’s Contributions to International Juriprudence ...............98 ©2019 Genocide Studies and Prevention 13, no. 1 iv Raffael Scheck Raphaël Lemkin’s Derivation of Genocide from His Analysis of Nazi-Occupied Europe ....113 Daniel E. Solomon The Black Freedom Movement and the Politics of the Anti-Genocide Norm in the United States, 1951 - 1967. ..............................................................................................................130 Alexa Stiller The Mass Murder of the European Jews and the Concept of ‘Genocide’ in the Nuremburg Trials: Reassessing Raphaël Lemkin’s Impact. .....................................................................144 Anton Weiss-Wendt When the End Justifies the Means: Raphaël Lemkin and the Shaping of a Popular Discourse on Genocide .......................................................................................... 173 Book Reviews Humanitarians at War: The Red Cross in the Shadow of the Holocaust by Gerald Steinacher, reviewed by Mark R. Gudgel ...................................................189 Forced Confrontation: The Politics of Dead Bodies in Germany at the End of World War II by Christopher Mauriello, reviewed by Christiane K. Alsop .....................................191 Concentration Camps: A Short History by Dan Stone, reviewed by Mackenzie Lake ................................................................195 Film Review Ferenc Török, 1945 reviewed by Carolyn Sanzenbacker ...............................................................................197 ©2019 Genocide Studies and Prevention 13, no. 1 Editors’ Introduction This special issue on Raphaël Lemkin is only possible through the hard work and contributions from our guest editors, Jeff Benvenuto and Ben Meiches. The editorial board wishes to thank the guest editors for their hard work and dedication to this issue. Lemkin scholarship has grown exponentially over the last five years, in large part because of a 2013 special issue of the Journal of Genocide Research. In the years since, international conferences have been held in honor of Lemkin in every continent of the world, books and substantial portions of books on Lemkin have been published, and Lemkin’s writings and theories of conflict and violence have been increasingly influential outside of “genocide studies.” This issue of GSP is intended to deepen the scholarly conversation on Lemkin, focusing on Lemkin as a subject of study rather than applying Lemkin’s thinking to analyzing cases of genocide or mass violence. We hope this issue of GSP can help color in some of the important gaps that still exist in the literature on this complicated figure, who stands at the center of the field of “genocide studies,” yet still remains largely unknown and shrouded in myth. Christian Gudehus Susan Braden Douglas Irvin-Erickson JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz Lior Zylberman Christian Gudehus, Susan Braden, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz, and Lior Zylberman. “Editors’ Introduction” Genocide Studies and Prevention 13, 1 (2019): 1. ©2019 Genocide Studies and Prevention. https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.13.1.1684 Guest Editorial: Between Hagiography and Wounded Attachment: Raphaël Lemkin and the Study of Genocide One or Several Lemkins Raphaël Lemkin is the signature figure of genocide studies. From his invention of the term, to his fervent efforts to create the Genocide Convention, to his detailed historical analysis of mass atrocities, Lemkin’s status ensures that his writings and life will remain a source of continuing interest for the field. This collection of articles seeks to deepen the growing scholarship on Lemkin’s life, activism, and thought. While considerable time has been spent pouring over Lemkin’s lifework and his campaign for the Genocide Convention has captured popular attention, much of the scholarship on Lemkin tends to describe his writings and labors in one of three genres. First, Lemkin the hero. This genre of scholarship imagines Lemkin as a tireless, ever working man who, through self-sacrifice and great personal tragedy, fought for the improvement of the human condition.1 A champion of rights and freedoms, in this genre Lemkin’s work is lauded as a signature achievement of human compassion and international justice. A second genre, in contrast, emphasizes the role of Lemkin as a scholar. In this genre, Lemkin’s life, journey and activism are not placed at the narrative center, rather, Lemkin is envisioned as a kind of authentic intellectual. His insights were forged from an exposure to the vicissitudes of the refugee condition, he wrote and spoke in response to dark times and crafted new analytical tools for confronting mass violence. According to this scholarly interpretation of Lemkin, his writings develop new connections between different episodes and forms of violence and serve as a model for the future of genocide scholarship.2 A final major genre positions Lemkin as the obdurate critic of his time. In this perspective, Lemkin appears as a visionary who understood the dangers of the colonial and national experiments emerging at the end of the 19th century. A person of great perspective and self-reflection, Lemkin foresaw the fascism of the colonial condition, or so the argument goes. He rejected the flimsy ideological excuses given for mass murder and the destruction of indigenous livelihoods or religious communities everywhere. Distinctly aware of modernity’s propensity to stoke social anxieties and enflame xenophobic hatreds, Lemkin emerges as a critical activist that grappled with the deep problem of the colonial predicament.3 These genres do not describe all studies on Lemkin nor are they mutually exclusive. Each genre has been subject to doubt, criticism, debate, contradiction and confusion. Each genre presents important, if contestable, features of Lemkin’s life and work. However, all too often these genres impede scholarship on Lemkin and mass atrocities more generally. In specific, genres provide readily identifiable tropes or patterns of narrative that, by definition, both support and limit what scholars can say about a particular topic. In this case, the dominance of the genres surrounding Lemkin potentially precludes a more thorough investigation of his life and the benefits and drawbacks of his conceptual schemas. These genres do serve an important function by providing an anchor point for the discipline of genocide studies, which ensures that scholars speak a common language and refer to similar set of problems. In an interdisciplinary pursuit like genocide studies, this function is vital to connecting scholars that work across different regions, languages, societies, historical periods, and methodologies. Nonetheless, by codifying genres for interpreting Lemkin’s work, genocide scholars run the risk of minimizing