Abbreviations and Acronyms
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Low Dose Radiation Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Randomized Double- Blind Study --Manuscript Draft
International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics Low dose radiation therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized double- blind study --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: ROB-D-21-00260R1 Article Type: Full Length Article Section/Category: Clinical Investigation - Other Corresponding Author: Alexandros Papachristofilou University Hospital Basel: Universitatsspital Basel Basel, SWITZERLAND First Author: Alexandros Papachristofilou, MD Order of Authors: Alexandros Papachristofilou, MD Tobias Finazzi, MD Andrea Blum, MD Tatjana Zehnder, MD Núria Zellweger Jens Lustenberger, MD Tristan Bauer, MD Christian Dott Yasar Avcu, M.Sc. Goetz Kohler, PhD Frank Zimmermann, MD Hans Pargger, MD Martin Siegemund, MD Abstract: Purpose The morbidity and mortality of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is considerable. We studied the use of whole- lung low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) in this patient cohort. Methods and Materials Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and requiring mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia were included in this randomized double-blind study. Patients were randomized to 1 Gy whole-lung LDRT or sham irradiation (sham-RT). Treatment group allocation was concealed from patients and ICU clinicians, who treated patients according to the current standard of care. Patients were followed for the primary endpoint of ventilator-free days (VFDs) at day 15 post-intervention. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, as well as changes in oxygenation and inflammatory markers. Results Twenty-two patients were randomized to either whole-lung LDRT or sham-RT between November and December 2020. Patients were generally elderly and comorbid, with a median age of 75 years in both arms. No difference in 15-day VFDs was observed between groups (p = 1.00), with a median of 0 days (range, 0-9) in the LDRT arm, and 0 days (range, 0-13) in the sham-RT arm. -
THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered As a Newspaper at the G.P.O.)
~ I v , THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper at the G.P.O.) Vol. CXX—No. 99 NAIROBI, 17th August, 2018 Price Sh. 60 CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES GAZETTE NOTICE5—(Contd.) PAGE PAGE The Human Resource Management Professionals Act- I The Insolvency Act-Winding up Order and Creditors' Appointment....................................................................... 2906 2954-2955 The National Council for Law Reporting Act- The Political Parties Act-Change of Party Officials........... 2955 Appointment....................................................................... 2906 County Government Notices ................................................... 2906-2907,2953 The Physical Planning Act-Completion of Pail Development Plans, etc .................................................... 2955-2956 The Land Registration Act-issue of Provisional Certificates, etc ................................................................... 2907-2915 Disposal of Uncollected Goods .............................................. 2956 The National Treasury-Statement of Actual Revenues and Lossof Policies .......................................... ................................ 2956-2962 Net Exchequer Issues as at 31st July, 2018 ...................... 2915-2918 Change of Names ............................................................ The Civil Aviation Act-Decisions of the Kenya Civil 2962-2963 Aviation Authority on Applications for Air Service Licences ............................................................................ -
12VAC5-481-10. Definitions
Virginia Administrative Code Title 12. Health Agency 5. Department of Health Chapter 481. Virginia Radiation Protection Regulations 12VAC5-481-10. Definitions. Part I. General Provisions The following words and terms as used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise: "A1" means the maximum activity of special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package. This value is listed in Table 1 of 12VAC5-481-3770 F. "A2" means the maximum activity of radioactive material, other than special form radioactive material, LSA, and SCO material, permitted in a Type A package. This value is listed in Table 1 of 12VAC5-481-3770 F. "Absorbed dose" means the energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material. The units of absorbed dose are the gray (Gy) and the rad. "Absorbed dose rate" means absorbed dose per unit time, for machines with timers, or dose monitor unit per unit time for linear accelerators. "Accelerator" means any machine capable of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or other charged particles in a vacuum and of discharging the resultant particulate or other radiation into a medium at energies usually in excess of one MeV. For purposes of this definition, "particle accelerator" is an equivalent term. "Accelerator-produced material" means any material made radioactive by a particle accelerator. "Access control" means a system for allowing only approved individuals to have unescorted access to the security zone and for ensuring that all other individuals are subject to escorted access. "Accessible surface" means the external surface of the enclosure or housing of the radiation producing machine as provided by the manufacturer. -
Manual for ACRO Accreditation March 2016
American College of Radiation Oncology Manual for ACRO Accreditation March 2016 Powered by Patients First Our Focus is Radiation Oncology Safety! ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACRO expresses its appreciation for the significant contribution and leadership of Jaroslaw Hepel, MD, FACRO, Chair of the ACRO Standards Committee, and ACRO Accreditation Medical Director, for his un- tiring efforts to bring this version of the Manual for ACRO Accreditation to publication. Thanks also go to Arve Gillette, MD, FACRO, ACRO Chancellor and a former President, and ACRO Ac- creditation Medical Director during 2011, who initiated most of the new procedures incorporated in the accreditation program when it was reintroduced after a board imposed administrative review for most of 2010. Appreciation also is expressed to Ralph Dobelbower, MD, FACRO, the founding medical director of ACRO Accreditation; Gregg Cotter, MD, FACRO, medical director after Dr. Dobelbower; and Ishmael Parsai, PhD, FACRO, physics chairman for many years; for their collective leadership in building the accreditation program from its inception in 1995. In addition, appreciation is expressed for ongoing support and commitment to the accreditation process to all the following ACRO members who have contributed, and continue to contribute, to the success of ACRO Accreditation: ACRO Executive Committee | Drs. James Welsh (President), Eduardo Fernandez (Vice President), William Rate (Secretary-Treasurer), and Arno Mundt (Chairman) ACRO Chancellors | Drs. Joanne Dragun, Gregg Franklin, Shane Hopkins, Sheila Rege, Charles Thomas, II, Harvey Wolkov, Catheryn Yashar, and Luther Brady (ex officio) ACRO Accreditation Disease Site Team Leaders | Dr. Jaroslaw Hepel (Breast Cancer); Drs. William Regine & Navesh Sharma (Gastrointestinal Cancer); Dr. Peter Orio III (Genitourinary Cancer); Dr. -
Database Globalization Support Guide
Oracle® Database Database Globalization Support Guide 19c E96349-05 May 2021 Oracle Database Database Globalization Support Guide, 19c E96349-05 Copyright © 2007, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Primary Author: Rajesh Bhatiya Contributors: Dan Chiba, Winson Chu, Claire Ho, Gary Hua, Simon Law, Geoff Lee, Peter Linsley, Qianrong Ma, Keni Matsuda, Meghna Mehta, Valarie Moore, Cathy Shea, Shige Takeda, Linus Tanaka, Makoto Tozawa, Barry Trute, Ying Wu, Peter Wallack, Chao Wang, Huaqing Wang, Sergiusz Wolicki, Simon Wong, Michael Yau, Jianping Yang, Qin Yu, Tim Yu, Weiran Zhang, Yan Zhu This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. -
REGULATIONS and STATUTES Kansas Radiation Control Program
REGULATIONS AND STATUTES Kansas Radiation Control Program Unofficial Copy The regulations and statutes provided are for the convenience of the user but are not considered the official regulations. For more information on the official regulations, visit the Kansas Secretary of State website. For more information about official copies of statutes, visit the Kansas Legislature website. April 27, 2021 [email protected] Kansas Administrative Regulations Table of Contents Table of Contents Kansas Annotated Regulations ........................................... 2 Part 1. Definitions ............................................................... 2 Part 2. Radiation Producing Machines ............................. 67 Part 3. Licensing of Sources of Radiation ........................ 75 Part 4. Standards for Protection Against Radiation ........ 190 Part 5. Use of X-Rays in the Healing Arts ...................... 249 Part 6. Use of Sealed Radioactive Sources in the Healing Arts .............................................................................................. 291 Part 7. Special Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations ................................................................................... 294 Part 8. Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X- Ray Equipment............................................................................ 319 Part 9. Radiation Safety Requirements for Particle Accelerators ................................................................................ 323 Part 10. Notices, Instructions -
Isoupdate July 2020
ISO Update Supplement to ISOfocus July 2020 International Standards in process ISO/CD 6469-2 Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 2: Vehicle operational safety An International Standard is the result of an agreement between the member bodies of ISO. A first important step towards an Interna- ISO/CD 6460-1 Motorcycles — Measurement method for gase- tional Standard takes the form of a committee draft (CD) - this is cir- ous exhaust emissions and fuel consumption culated for study within an ISO technical committee. When consensus — Part 1: General test requirements has been reached within the technical committee, the document is ISO/CD TS Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of trans- sent to the Central Secretariat for processing as a draft International 16951 port information and control systems (TICS) — Standard (DIS). The DIS requires approval by at least 75 % of the Procedures for determining priority of on-board member bodies casting a vote. A confirmation vote is subsequently messages presented to drivers carried out on a final draft International Standard (FDIS), the approval criteria remaining the same. TC 23 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry ISO/CD 14982 Agricultural and forestry machinery — Electro- magnetic compatibility — Test methods and acceptance criteria TC 29 Small tools ISO/CD Tools for pressing — Gas springs — Part 3: 11901-3 Gas spring with increased spring force and CD registered compact built height ISO/CD Tools for pressing — Gas springs — Part 4: 11901-4 Gas springs with increased spring force and same built height Period from 01 June to 01 July 2020 These documents are currently under consideration in the technical TC 30 Measurement of fluid flow in closed committee. -
WORK PROGRAMME of General Directorate of Standardization - ALBANIA (Period 1 July to 31 December 2018)
WORK PROGRAMME of General Directorate of Standardization - ALBANIA (Period 1 July to 31 December 2018) Technical Committee No. 1 “Quality assurance and social responsibility”, 11 standards No. Standard number English title 1. EN ISO 22300:2018 Security and resilience - Vocabulary (ISO 22300:2018) 2. CEN/TS 17159:2018 Societal and citizen security - Guidance for the security of hazardous materials (CBRNE) in healthcare facilities 3. EN ISO 9004:2018 Quality management - Quality of an organization - Guidance to achieve sustained success (ISO 9004:2018) 4. CWA 17145-2:2017 Ethics assessment for research and innovation - Part 2: Ethical impact assessment framework 5. CWA 17145-1:2017 Ethics assessment for research and innovation - Part 1: Ethics committee 6. EN ISO 41011:2018 Facility management - Vocabulary (ISO 41011:2017) 7. EN ISO 41001:2018 Facility management - Management systems - Requirements with guidance for use (ISO 41001:2018) 8. IWA 18:2016 Framework for integrated community-based life-long health and care services in aged societies 9. IWA 16:2015 International harmonized method(s) for a coherent quantification of CO2e emissions of freight transport 10. ISO/IEC Guide 17:2016 ISO/IEC Guide 17:2016Guide for writing standards taking into account the needs of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises 11. ISO 37500:2014 Guidance on outsourcing Technical Committee No. 3 “Electrical and electronical materials”, 59 standards No. Standard number English title 1. EN 50288-12-1:2017 Multi-element metallic cables used in analogue and digital communications and control - Part 12-1: Sectional specification for screened cables characterised from 1 MHz up to 2 000 MHz - 1 Horizontal and building backbone cables 2. -
Towards Safer Radiotherapy
Patient Safety Division The Royal College of Radiologists IPEM Towards Safer Radiotherapy British Institute of Radiology Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine National Patient Safety Agency Society and College of Radiographers The Royal College of Radiologists Contents Foreword 4 Executive summary 5 Chapter 1 Introduction 7 Chapter 2 Nature and frequency of human errors in radiotherapy 8 Chapter 3 Defining and classifying radiotherapy errors 18 Chapter 4 Prerequisites for safe delivery of radiotherapy 24 Chapter 5 Detection and prevention of radiotherapy errors 35 Chapter 6 Learning from errors 48 Chapter 7 Dealing with consequences of radiotherapy errors 53 Summary of recommendations 58 3 Appendices Appendix 3.1 61 Appendix 4.1 69 Appendix 6.1 70 References 71 Further reading 77 Glossary of terms 78 Abbreviations 82 Membership of Working Party 84 Towards Safer Radiotherapy Foreword In my Annual Report on the State of Public Health in 2006,1 I drew attention to the problem of radiotherapy safety. Overall, radiotherapy in the United Kingdom offers a first-rate service providing high-quality care to the vast majority of patients every year. However, in a number of unfortunate cases over the last few years, overdoses of radiation led to severe harm to patients. It is recognised that these are uncommon events, yet their impact on the patient, staff involved and the wider health service are devastating. Not only does it compromise the delivery of radiotherapy, it calls into question the integrity of hospital systems and their ability to pick up errors and the capability to make sustainable changes. While further investment in radiotherapy is a continuing desirable goal, the patient safety movement has started to establish that changing the culture of an organisation involves steps more sophisticated than just investment and human resources. -
Acceptance Tests and Commissioning Measurements
Chapter 10: Acceptance Tests and Commissioning Measurements Set of 189 slides based on the chapter authored by J. L. Horton of the IAEA publication: Review of Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students Objective: To familiarize the student with the series of tasks and measurements required to place a radiation therapy machine into clinical operation. Slide set prepared in 2006 by G.H. Hartmann (Heidelberg, DKFZ) Comments to S. Vatnitsky: [email protected] IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency CHAPTER 10. TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Measurement Equipment 10.3 Acceptance Tests 10.4 Commissioning 10.5 Time Requirements IAEA Review of Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 10. 1 10.1 INTRODUCTION In many areas of radiotherapy, particularly in the more readily defined physical and technical aspects of a radiotherapy unit, the term “Quality Assurance”(QA) is frequently used to summarize a variety of actions • to place the unit into clinical operation, and • to maintain its reliable performance. Typically, the entire chain of a QA program for a radiotherapy unit consists of subsequent actions as shown in the following slide. IAEA Review of Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students - 10.1 Slide 1 10.1 INTRODUCTION Subsequent QA actions Purpose • Clinical needs assessment Basis for specification • Initial specification and purchase Specification of data in units of measure, process design of a tender • Acceptance testing Compliance with specifications • Commissioning for clinical use, Establishment of baseline performance (including calibration) values Monitoring the reference performance • Periodic QA tests values • Additional quality control tests after Monitoring possibly changed reference any significant repair, intervention, performance values or adjustment • Planned preventive maintenance Be prepared in case of malfunctions etc. -
Overview and Basis of Design for NCRP Report
This Report was prepared through a joint effort of NCRP Scientific Committee 46-13 on Design of Facilities for Medical Radiation Overview & Basis of Design for NCRP Therapy and AAPM Task Group 57. Report 151 James A. Deye, Chairman James E. Rodgers, Vice Chair Raymond K. Wu, Vice Chair Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Peter J. Biggs Patton H. McGinley Megavoltage x- and Gamma-ray Radiotherapy Facilities Richard C. McCall Liaisons Kenneth R. Kase Marc Edwards Raymond K. Wu, PhD Consultants OhioHealth Hospitals Robert O. Gorson Jeffrey H. Kleck Nisy E. Ipe Columbus, OH Secretariat Marvin Rosenstein Eric E. Kearsley Learn • Calculation methods • W, U, T, IDR, TADR, RW, Rh, • Dose at maze door • Neutron, capture gamma at door • Laminated primary barrier This Report addresses the structural shielding design New Issues since NCRP # 49 and evaluation for medical use of megavoltage x- and gamma-rays for radiotherapy and supersedes related – New types of equipment, material in NCRP Report No. 49, Structural Shielding – Some with energies above 10 MV, Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies Up to 10 MeV, which was – Many new uses for radiotherapy equipment, issued in September 1976. – Dual energy machines, The descriptive information in NCRP Report No. 49 unique to x-ray therapy installations of less than 500 – Room designs without mazes, kV (Section 6.2) and brachytherapy is not included in – Varied shielding materials including composites, this Report and that information in NCRP Report No. 49 for those categories is still applicable. – More published data on empirical methods. -
Radiation Vault Design and Shielding
Radiation Vault Design and Shielding Rajat Kudchadker, PhD Associate Professor Department of Radiation Physics NCRP Report No. 151 This report addresses the structural shielding design and evaluation for medical use of megavoltage x- and gamma- rays for radiotherapy and supersedes related material in NCRP Report No. 49, Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies Up to 10 MeV, which was issued in September 1976. The descriptive information in NCRP Report No. 49 unique to x-ray therapy installations of less than 500 kV and brachytherapy is not included in this Report and that information in NCRP Report No. 49 for those categories is still applicable. Similarly therapy simulators are not covered in this report and the user is referred to the recent Report 147 for shielding of imaging facilities. NCRP Report No. 151 New Issues since NCRP # 49 • New types of equipment with energies above 10 MV • Many new uses for radiotherapy equipment • Dual energy machines and new treatment techniques • Room designs without mazes • Varied shielding materials including composites • More published data on empirical methods New Modalities New modalities include: • Cyberknife Robotic arm linacs No fixed isocenter All barriers except ceiling are primary Uses only 6 MV • Helical Tomotherapy Radiotherapy CT Uses only 6 MV Uses a beam stopper • Serial Tomotherapy MIMIC device attached to conventional linac Uses table indexer to simulate helical treatment Outdated Special Procedures New modalities include: • Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Usually at 6 MV Leakage workload >>primary, scatter workload Could be >50% of the workload on a linac • Stereotactic radiosurgery Use factors are different from 3D CRT High dose, however long setup times • Total Body Irradiation (TBI) Source of scatter is not at the isocenter Primary, leakage workload is greater than prescribed dose NCRP Report No.