Emerging Market Multinationals Report (EMR), Co-Authored by Dr

EMERGING MARKET MULTINATIONALS REPORT (EMR) 2016 THE CHINA SURGE Lourdes Casanova, Senior Lecturer, Academic Director Anne Miroux, Visiting Fellow Emerging Markets Institute S.C. Johnson School of Management, Cornell University http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/Emerging-Markets-Institute ©Cornell University ©Lourdes Casanova ©Anne Miroux 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission of the copyright owners. ©Cornell University © Lourdes Casanova © Anne Miroux All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission of the copyright owners. iii Authors Lourdes Casanova, a Senior Lecturer and Academic Director of the Emerging Markets Institute at the Johnson School of Business at Cornell University, formerly at INSEAD, specializes in international business with a focus on emerging market multinationals. Appointed in 2014 and in 2015 as one of the 50 most influential Iberoamerican intellectuals by Esglobal. She is also a Faculty Fellow at the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. A Fulbright Scholar with a Master degree from the University of Southern California and a PhD from the University of Barcelona. Visiting professor at Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley, Judge Business School at University of Cambridge and at the Latin American Centre at the University of Oxford, University of Zurich, and Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona and consultant of the Inter-American Development Bank. Taught, directed executive programs at INSEAD for senior managers from multinationals including Telefónica, BBVA and Cemex and the Brazilian Confederation of Industries. Co-author with Julian Kassum of: The Political Economy of an Emerging Global Power: In Search of the Brazil Dream, Palgrave Macmillan 2014, author of ‘Global Latinas: Latin America’s emerging multinationals’ Palgrave Macmillan 2009, coauthor of Innovalatino, Fostering Innovation in Latin America, Ariel 2011 and articles in journals including Beijing Business Review, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Business and Politics and Foreign Affairs Latinoamérica. Member of Latin America Global Agenda Council and the Competitiveness in Latin America taskforce of the World Economic Forum, Advisory Committee European Union/Brazil, World Investment Network at UNCTAD, the B20 Task Force on ICT and Innovation in Los Cabos, responsible at INSEAD of Goldman Sachs 10,000 women initiative and co-leading InnovaLatino on Innovation in Latin America. Board member of the Boyce Thompson Institute, the start-up Documenta, founding Board Member of the Societé des Amis du Chateau de Fontainebleau and member of the Advisory Council of the Tompkins Public Library. Anne Miroux is Faculty Fellow at the Emerging Markets Institute, Johnson School of Management at Cornell University. She has over thirty years of experience in international trade and finance. She began her career in the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations in New-York, and later joined the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) where she specialized on developing country debt, foreign direct investment and transnational corporations, and technology and innovation policies. For several years she directed the World Investment Reports (WIR), the United Nations flagship report on FDI and transnational corporations and served as the Editor of the UN Transnational Corporations Journal. She published a number of papers and articles and led research projects and technical assistance activities in developing countries on debt, FDI and development. Until late 2015 Anne Miroux was the Director of the Division on Technology and Logistics in UNCTAD, and Head of the Secretariat of the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). She is a member of the Advisory Board of the Technology and Management Center of the Department of International Development at Oxford University. She is also a member of the Board of NetExplo. Anne Miroux has an MBA from HEC, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, and a diploma from IEP (Institut d'Etudes Politiques – Paris). She holds a PHD in Economics from University of Paris I - Sorbonne. ©Cornell University © Lourdes Casanova © Anne Miroux All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission of the copyright owners. iv Preface “Emerging markets represent ‘underfunded growth opportunities with problems.’ These problems impede their ability to secure the very funding they need to fully realize their growth opportunities. To my mind, this is what really sets them apart and it is the guiding principles for me and many scholars who have been studying EMs over the past decades. In fact, it was the challenge of defining these so-called problems that led the Johnson School at Cornell University to launch its Emerging Markets Institute (EMI) in 2011. My colleagues and I are very proud of EMI, the many activities which it spearheads, the thought leadership it inspires, and especially under the able leadership of Dr. Lourdes Casanova, its executive director for the past two years. The newest initiative of the EMI is The Emerging Market Multinationals Report (EMR), co-authored by Dr. Lourdes Casanova and her collaborator, Dr. Anne Miroux, which I commend as important reading for anyone who invests in or pursues new business opportunities in EMs. What the report does is flip our guiding principles on their heads. The focus is on EMs not as economic engines dependent on external financing from elsewhere, but as the very drivers of those outbound global capital flows. And it puts EM- based multinationals squarely in our sights as the mechanisms through which those flows arise. We learn about the 146 companies from the largest 20 EMs – what Casanova and Miroux call the “eMNCs” - come from a diverse group of industries, that they reveal remarkably different fundamentals and that they drive outbound foreign direct investment flows to a wide range of target markets. A special chapter features the surge of China-based eMNCs and their voracious cross-border acquisition activity with fascinating facts about the unusual geographic array of target countries and about the differences in terms and conditions under which the deals go down. I predict that the report will change your priors on EMs and eMNCs. It certainly changed mine.” Andrew Karolyi Professor of Finance and Harold Bierman Jr. Distinguished Professor of Management Associate Dean for Academic Affairs S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management Cornell College of Business Cornell University Author, Cracking the Emerging Markets Enigma (Oxford University Press, 2015) ©Cornell University © Lourdes Casanova © Anne Miroux All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission of the copyright owners. v Acknowledgements The Emerging Market Multinationals Report (EMR) has been authored by Lourdes Casanova, Senior Lecturer, EMI Academic Director, and Anne Miroux, EMI Visiting Fellow, at the Emerging Markets Institute (EMI), S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University. The authors are thankful to Devesh Verma for his research support and his contribution to the report. Inputs and research assistance were also provided by Sukriti Jain and Kunal Garg. Beatrice Hoshino, Chen Chen, Luisa Feranda Payán Duran, Ashwin Gowda, and Daniel Santiago Avila Roabayo provided research support to preliminary drafts. The authors are also grateful to Eudes Lopes, phD student, for editing the draft, Julian Alcedo Garceránt Fuentes and Christina Mendoza for the final design and typeset of the report. They are also grateful to Samantha Rullán and Babatunde Ayanfodun from the EMI team as well as Gustavo Guimaraes and Cristina Castro, research fellows. The help from Cornell librarians, especially Susan Kendrick was invaluable. The report benefited from comments from Hafiz Mirza, Chief, Investment Issues Section, Division on Investment and Enterprise, UNCTAD and discussions with Andrew Karolyi, Professor of Finance, Eswar Prasad, Tolani Senior Professor of Trade Policy and Professor of Economics, and colleagues at the M&O department at Johnson Graduate School of Management, and Cornell University as well as Ravi Ramamurti, Distinguished Professor of International Business and Director of the Center for Emerging Markets, Northeastern University; Subramanian Rangan, Professor of Strategy and Management, INSEAD; Astrit Sulstarova, Chief, Investment Trends and Data Section, Division on Investment and Enterprise, UNCTAD; Luo Zuo, Assistant Professor of Accounting, Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University; as well as the following members of the Emerging Multinationals Research Network: Veneta Andonova, Associate Professor of Business, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia; Anabella Dávila, Professor of Organization Theory and Human Resources Management, EGADE, Tecnológico de Monterrey; Juana Catalina García

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