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Variation in Butterfly Diversity and Unique Species Richness Along
Check List 8(3): 432-436, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S OF Sanctuary,Variation in Tripura, butterfly northeast diversity India and unique species ISTS L richness along different habitats in Trishna Wildlife * Joydeb Majumder, Rahul Lodh and B. K. Agarwala [email protected] Tripura University, Department of Zoology, Ecology and Biodiversity Laboratories, Suryamaninagar – 799 022, Tripura, India. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Quantification of butterfly diversity and species richness is of prime importance for evaluating the status of protected areas. Permanent line transect counts were used to record species richness and abundance of butterfly communities of different habitat types in Trishna wildlife sanctuary. A total of 1005 individuals representing 59 species in 48 genera belonging to five families were recorded in the present study. Of these, 23 species belonged to the family Nymphalidae and accounted for 38.98% of the total species and 45.20% of the total number of individuals. Mature secondary mixed moist deciduous forest showed the maximum diversity and species richness, while exotic grassland showed minimum diversity and species richness. Out of 59 species, 31 are new records for Tripura state, while 21 are unique species and nine are listed in the threatened category. This study revealed that mature secondary forests are more important for butterfly communities, while exotic grasslands have a negative impact on species composition. Introduction state of Tripura (10,490 sq km), in northeastern India In the humid tropics, due to deforestation of primary (Mandal et al. -
No-Take Zone at Hoi Ha Wan
NO-TAKE ZONE AT HOI HA WAN THE ISSUE Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park was one of the first marine parks to be established in Hong Kong in 1996. It is recognized as a marine ecological hotspot due to its rich habitat diversity and presence of threatened species. Hoi Ha Wan has 64 species out of the 84 species of coral that occur in Hong Kong, and over 153 fishes, including the endangered Hong Kong grouper. Despite Hoi Ha Wan being a marine reserve, Hong Kong fishermen are still allowed to fish in the area through a licensing system, as in other marine parks. The government has proposed to ban all fishing activities by fishing vessels in some marine parks, including Hoi Ha Wan, though this will not be fully in place until the end of 2021 due to the long legislation and negotiation process involved. Local fishing by hook and line would still be allowed. No-take (that is, no fishing at all) marine reserves have proven to be a highly effective way to protect and restore coastal marine habitats, including coral reefs, and fish communities around the world. WWF is a strong advocate for developing a network of no-take zones within systems of marine protected areas to ensure healthy and resilient ecosystems, fisheries, and species populations. WHAT WE ARE DOING WWF-Hong Kong plans to engage the government and relevant stakeholders to launch a pilot no-take zone within the bay before the formal fishing ban, and conduct systematic baseline biodiversity surveys within the concerned area with involvement of experts, youth, citizen scientists, AFCD specialists and managers, fishers, and the public. -
Coral Communities of Hong Kong: Long-Lived Corals in a Marginal Reef Environment
Vol. 426: 185–196, 2011 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published March 28 doi: 10.3354/meps09019 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Coral communities of Hong Kong: long-lived corals in a marginal reef environment Nathalie F. Goodkin1, 2,*, Adam D. Switzer3, Denise McCorry4, Lyndon DeVantier5, James D. True2, Konrad A. Hughen6, N. Angeline1, Teng Teng Yang1 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 2Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Cape D’Aguilar Road, Hong Kong SAR 3Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block N2-01a-04, Singapore 639798 4Marine Team, Environmental Resources Management Australia, State One House, 6th Floor, 172 St. Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia 520 Val Crescent, Noosaville, Queensland 4566, Australia 6Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA ABSTRACT: Hong Kong’s coastal waters afford a marginal environment for coral reef growth, with high seasonal and short-term variability in water temperatures (ranging from <14°C in winter to 31°C in summer), and low summer salinity (as low as 15 psu) due to runoff associated with the Asian wet monsoon season and the Pearl River Delta. Yet Hong Kong hosts 84 reef-building coral species in 28 genera of 12 families of the Scleractinia, distributed in 5 broad communities with strong geographic and environmental affinities and key indicator species. Coral communities farthest from the influence of the Pearl River Delta have relatively high sea bed coverage and species diversity (30 to 50% cov- erage, and >30 spp. -
Tung Ping Chau Date : 11 September 2021 Gathering Time
Exploring HK – Tung Ping Chau Date : 11 September 2021 Gathering time: 7:45 am Return time: 6:30 pm Gathering point: Roundabout, Student Residence Area: Tung Ping Chau Route: Kowloon Tong (assemble) > Ma Liu Shui Pier > Tung Ping Chau > Tai Tong Village > Tin Hau Temple > A Ma Wan > Kang Lau Shek > Lan Kwo Shui > Lung Lok Shui > Cham Keng Chau > Cheung Sha Wan > Ma Liu Shui Pier > Kowloon Tong (dismissal) Route condition: Good, with many cement road and stone-steps Registration: Pay at SRO reception* (CASH only) • Bring your HKID for insurance purposes Check points Tung Ping Chau Tung Ping Chau, like Hoi Ha Wan, has a healthy and rich coastal ecosystem in Hong Kong. The coverage and species diversity of coral communities in Tung Ping Chau Marine Park is one of the best in Hong Kong. Other marine lives like algae, marine invertebrates and fishes are also found in the water of Tung Ping Chau Marine Park. Strange Rocks The unique and renowned geological features provide many good scenic spots for sightseeing such as Kang Lau Shek, Lan Kwo Shui and Lung Lok Shui. Emergency measures Emergency Take the Ferry back evacuation Severe Weather Arrangements Delaying 1 If any of the following signals is issued and still in force 2 hours before the event the activity is scheduled to begin: Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal to other No. 3 or above; or Black Rainstorm Warning Signal , the activity will day be rescheduled. 2 If Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal No. 3 or above or the Red/Black Rainstorm Warning Signal is issued during the activity. -
Threatened Butterflies of Central Nepal Kathmandu Valley
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2013 | 5(11): 4612–4615 Note Threatened butterflies of central Nepal Kathmandu Valley. The southern part of the valley, extending from B. Khanal ¹, M.K. Chalise ² & G.S. Solanki ³ Godavari (1360m) to Phulchowki Mountain (2734m) is a species ¹ Natural History Museum, Manju Shree Bazaar, Swayambu, Kathamandu ISSN 44620, Nepal -rich area where more than 150 Online 0974-7907 Print 0974-7893 ² Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu species of butterflies, mostly forest 44618, Nepal ³ Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Tanhril Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram dwelling species, are found (Smith OPEN ACCESS 796004, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] 1989). The recent loss of trees in (corresponding author) these forests has left the hills virtually bare except for a few areas between 2660–2715 m. These changes in In Nepal, the area above 3000m is occupied mostly the natural habitat have had a negative impact on the by palearctic butterflies while the temperate, subtropical butterflies of the region. Therefore, an attempt has been and tropical species are sequentially distributed below made here to identify the threats imposed on some rare this altitude. The temperate zone has many micro- butterfly species of this region. habitats to offer to different butterflies. Material and Methods: The present study was The central districts, namely, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, carried out in the central part of Nepal which includes and Lalitpur are dominated by evergreen broad-leaved three districts—Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur (Fig. mixed forests between 1800–2400 m. -
Selecting Flagships for Invertebrate Conservation
Biodivers Conserv (2012) 21:1457–1476 DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0257-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Selecting flagships for invertebrate conservation Maan Barua • Daniel J. Gurdak • Riyaz Akhtar Ahmed • Jatin Tamuly Received: 19 July 2011 / Accepted: 14 February 2012 / Published online: 4 March 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract Invertebrates have a low public profile and are seriously underrepresented in global conservation efforts. The promotion of flagship species is one way to generate interest in invertebrate conservation. Butterflies are frequently labeled invertebrate flag- ships, but clear definitions of the conservation actions they are meant to catalyze, and empirical assessments of their popularity amongst non-Western audiences are lacking. To improve the use of invertebrate flagships, we examine how butterflies compare with other taxa in terms of popularity. We then identify characteristics of individual species that are appealing and explore whether these may be used to derive a set of guidelines for selecting invertebrate flagships. We conducted questionnaire-based surveys amongst two target audiences: rural residents (n = 255) and tourists (n = 105) in northeast India. Inverte- brates that were aesthetically appealing, or those that provided material benefits or eco- logical services were liked. Butterflies were the most popular group for both audiences, followed by dragonflies, honeybees and earthworms. A combination of large size and bright colours led to high popularity of individual species, whilst butterflies with unique Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0257-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Barua School of Geography and the Environment, Dysons Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK e-mail: [email protected] D. -
Pupal Acoustic Behaviour of Troides Helena Helena (Linnaeus, 1758
Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 14(1): 1-10 (2018) Pupal Acoustic Behaviour of Troides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) from West Java, Indonesia (Tingkah laku Suara Pupa Troides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) dari Jawa Barat, Indonesia) Hellen Kurniati*1, Djunijanti Peggie2 & Eko Sulistyadi3 1Museum Zoologicum Bogoreiense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia *Email: [email protected] Received: November 2017, Accepted: January 2018 ABSTRACT Troides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) can be found in Java and Bali. The larval and adult stages of this butterfly do not produce any sound, but the pupal stage produces sound in response to a touching stimulus. Sony PCM-M10 recorder and Pettersson M500 USB Ultrasound Microphone were used to record the sound. Adobe Audition 3.0 was used to visualize the oscillogram and audiospectrogram of the sound. Beyond our expectations, the pupae produce ultra sound hisses which are composed of many impulses. A one-day-old pupa has a frequency range between 0.2-40 kHz; however of 2-days to 18-days-old has a frequency range between 0.2-150 kHz. The sound wave consist of two sound elements, i.e. the audible sound element (0.2-20 kHz) and inaudible sound element (>20-150 kHz) and the bandwidth is between 200 Hz to around 150 kHz, with the strongest spectrum energy at around 2.6 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, 9 kHz and 23 kHz and some strong spectrum energy is also visible at around 40 kHz. Key words: acoustic, behaviour, butterfly, pupa, Troides helena helena ABSTRAK Kupu Troides helena helena (Linnaeus, 1758) dijumpai di Jawa dan Bali. -
Issue No. 21 September 2011 Feature Article Contents a Review of The
Issue No. 21 September 2011 www.hkbiodiversity.net Feature Article Contents A Review of the Local Restrictedness Feature Article: A Review of the Local Restrictedness of of Hong Kong Butterflies Hong Kong Butterflies page 1 Angela Chan, Joseph Cheung, Phoebe Sze, Working Group Column: Alfred Wong, Eric Wong and Eva Yau The First Record of the Dung Beetle Butterfly Working Group Onitis excavatus (掘凹蜣螂) in Hong Kong page 13 漁農自然護理署蝴蝶工作小組自2002年進行全港性的蝴蝶生態 調查,收集有關香港蝴蝶的基線資料。本文回顧本港236種蝴蝶的 Rare Snakes Found: Mountain Keelback 無顳鱗游蛇 分佈情況,根據其出現頻率分為「十分稀有」、「稀有」、「不常 (Amphiesma atemporale, ) 見」、「常見」和「十分常見」,其中51種具保育價值。名錄所載 and Northern Reed Snake (Calamaria 鈍尾兩頭蛇 的236種蝴蝶當中,超過99%在本港的保護區有記錄。 septentrionalis, ) page 15 Division Column: Introduction Public Support Results in the Successful Despite the small size of Hong Kong (approximate land area 1,104 Rescue of a Juvenile Green Turtle km2), over 230 butterfly species have been recorded in the territory. (Chelonia mydas, 綠海龜) page 16 A checklist of Hong Kong butterflies dating back to 1895 included A Short Note on a Rare Bird Record: 113 butterfly species, which was collected by Skertchly on Hong Bulwer’s Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii, Kong Island (Bascombe, Johnston & Bascombe, 1999). The number of 褐燕鸌) page 19 butterfly species recorded has increased progressively to 146 (Kershaw, 1907), 179 (Eliot, 1953), 184 (Marsh, 1960), 190 (Tang, 1970) and 199 What’s New: (Johnston & Johnston, 1980). Since then, individual butterfly species Latest News on the New Species of new to Hong Kong have been reported from time to time, which has Pteroptyx Firefly page 20 continuously expanded the local butterfly checklist. By now, the long list of butterfly species ever recorded in Hong Kong covers more than 280 species, including vagrant species and historical records. -
Living Seas Marine Conservation Actions in Asia/Pacific Picture Research: Michèle Dépraz WWF International Photolibrary
Living Seas Marine Conservation Actions in Asia/Pacific Picture research: Michèle Dépraz WWF International Photolibrary Produced by the Asia/Pacific Programme WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc CH-1196 Gland Switzerland Tel: +41-22 364 91 11 Fax: +41-22 364 66 24 E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgement: Scot Atkinson of WWF-US for helping to draft the text Printed on recycled paper by BTL Geneva, Switzerland Published June 1998 by WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), 1196 Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Let's leave our children a living planet LIVING SEAS Marine Conservation Actions in Asia/Pacific Contents Introduction 1 Regional WWF Actions 3 National WWF Actions 6 Cover photo credits Box, from top to bottom: Tropical rainforest, Taman Negara, Malaysia. WWF-Canon/Paul S. Sochacewski Tribal women carrying water, Gujarat India. WWF-Canon/Mauri Rautkari Sumatran tiger. WWF/Michel Gunther/BIOS Diversity of ocean life, French Polynesia. WWF/Denis-Huot/BIOS Background: Palmtree patterns, Malaysia. WWF-Canon/Mattias Klum Introduction "...(this) world is a water world, a planet dominated by its covering mantle of ocean, in which the continents are but transient intrusions of land above the surface of the all-encircling sea." Rachel Carson, author of The Silent Spring, 1951 More than 70 per cent of the Earth's surface is covered by sea. A vast and constantly moving environment, the sea teems with all kinds of life: from sharks to jellyfish, and corals to phytoplankton, microscopic plants that absorb carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases. -
Annex C December 2001
Proposed Submarine Gas Pipelines from Cheng Tou Jiao Liquefied Natural Gas EIA Study Brief No. ESB-087/2001 Receiving Terminal, Shenzhen to Tai Po Gas Production Plant, Hong Kong Annex C December 2001 Annex C Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Submarine Gas Pipelines from Cheng Tou Jiao Liquefied Natural Gas Receiving Terminal, Shenzhen to Tai Po Gas Production, Hong Kong REFERENCES Studies on Marine Ecology and Corals AFCD Reef Check 2001. Ang, P.O. Jr, Chu, K.H., Wong, C.K. and Woo, N. Y. S. 2000. Study on the Suitability of Ping Chau to be Established as Marine Park or Marine Reserve. Unpublished report submitted to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong SAR Government. Binnie Consultants Ltd.. 1995a. The 1994 hypoxia and mass mortality event in Mirs Bay. Final Report. Hong Kong: Civil Engineering Department, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Hong Kong Government. Binnie Consultants Ltd.. 1995b. Marine Ecology of Hong Kong. Report on Underwater Dive Surveys (October 1991 - November 1994). Vols I and II. Hong Kong: Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, Hong Kong Government. Binnie Consultants Ltd.. 1998. Coastal Ecology Studies. Summary Data Report. Hong Kong Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, Hong Kong. Collinson, P.R.J. 1997. The ecology of a peripheral, subtropical coral community in Hong Kong. PhD Thesis, The University of Hong Kong. Cope, M. A. 1982a. A Lithophyllon dominated coral community at Hoi Ha Wan, Hong Kong. In The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China I (ed. B. Morton and C.K. Tseng), 587-94. Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong 1980. -
Review of Birdwing Butterfly Ranching in Range States
REVIEW OF TRADE IN RANCHED BIRDWING BUTTERFLIES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2007 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‟s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‟s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. -
Wing Shape and Flight Behaviour in Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): a Preliminary Analysis
J. exp. Biol. 138, 271-288 (1988) 271 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1988 WING SHAPE AND FLIGHT BEHAVIOUR IN BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA AND HESPERIOIDEA): A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS BY C. R. BETTS* AND R. J. WOOTTON Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter Accepted 8 March 1988 Summary Representatives of six butterfly species, flying freely in the field or in simulated field conditions, were filmed with a high-speed cin6 camera and subjected to kinematic and morphometric analysis. This is the first detailed investigation on an insect performing the varied patterns of 'natural' flight. Kinematic parameters in representative sequences of selected flight modes were calculated and compared, and wing shapes were characterized using aspect ratio and non-dimensional moment parameters. The analyses and field observations of these and other butterflies suggest possible correlations between flight performance and wing shape. The behaviour of individual species conforms reasonably well with crude predictions based on aspect ratio, wing loading and wing inertia. Introduction Although several investigations have been carried out on the relationships between form and function in insect wings (e.g. R. A. Norberg, 1975; Pfau, 1978; Wootton, 1981; Newman, 1982; Brodsky & Ivanov, 1983; Betts, 1986a,b,c; Newman & Wootton, 1986), the significance of wing shape (= planform) has been neglected. In contrast, in birds and bats active work on this aspect is in progress (U. M. Norberg, 1981; U. M. Norberg & Rayner, 1987; Rayner, 1987). We have carried out a preliminary investigation on a small sample of a selection of butterfly species. Butterflies were chosen because of their diversity of size, wing shape and flight pattern, and because their large size and low wing beat frequencies make them relatively easy to film with a portable high-speed cin6 camera in the field or in large enclosures, for later kinematic analysis.