DOCSLIB.ORG

The 2012 Forest Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 2012 Forest Report The 2012 Forest Report An Economic Assessment of Oregon’s Forest and Wood Products Manufacturing Sector Prepared for: Oregon Forest Resources Institute July 31, 2012 Forest Sector Economic Assessment Team Mark Rasmussen Roger Lord Brandon Vickery Mason, Bruce & Girard Inc. Charles McKetta Dan Green MaryAnn Green Forest Econ Inc. Tom Potiowsky Northwest Economic Research Center, Portland State University Darius Adams Greg Latta The Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University Roy Anderson Bill Mitchell Dan Mak The Beck Group Table of Contents Tables and Figures ......................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Oregon’s Forest Sector Supply Factors ....................................................................................... 7 Section 1.1 — Forest Resource Conditions ............................................................................................... 8 Section 1.2 —Employment, Income and Status of Oregon’s Forest Sector ........................................... 20 Section 1.3 — Regional Analysis of Oregon’s Forest Sector ................................................................... 45 Section 1.4 — Forest-Sector Manufacturing .......................................................................................... 58 Literature Cited ....................................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 2: Oregon’s Forest Sector Demand Factors .................................................................................. 79 Section 2.1 — Wood Product Demand ................................................................................................... 80 Section 2.2 — Biomass Energy and Biofuels ......................................................................................... 100 Section 2.3 — Forest Affiliated Assets .................................................................................................. 109 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 112 Chapter 3: Oregon’s Forest Sector Operating Environment ..................................................................... 115 Section 3.1 — Forest Sector’s Institutional Culture .............................................................................. 116 Section 3.2 — Investment and Innovation ........................................................................................... 122 Section 3.3 — Tax Revenue Generated by Forest Sector ..................................................................... 129 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 138 Chapter 4: Summary of Stakeholder Interviews ....................................................................................... 139 Chapter 5: Summary and Recommended Actions .................................................................................... 147 Section 5.1 — Summary ........................................................................................................................ 148 Section 5.2 — Recommended Actions .................................................................................................. 154 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ 159 Appendix I — Abbreviations and Acronyms ......................................................................................... 160 Appendix II — Oregon Forest Sector Economic Impact Modeling ....................................................... 162 Appendix III — Field Data Collection for Recalibrating Economic Models ........................................... 168 Appendix IV — Economic Impact Summary Table ................................................................................ 172 Appendix V – Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 177 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................... 179 The 2012 Forest Report Tables and Figures Tables Chapter 1 Table 1.1-1: Forestland area in Oregon by ownership (acres), 2008 ............................................................ 8 Table 1.1-2: Annualized gross growth, mortality and net growth (million cubic feet) for all timberland in western and eastern Oregon, 1976, 1999 and estimated 2001-05 ............................................................ 15 Table 1.1-3: Annualized gross growth, mortality and net growth (cubic feet per acre) on timberland in Oregon by ownership and region for two most recent USFS FIA inventory measurements ..................... 16 Table 1.1-4: Approximate areas of forestland by Fire Regime Condition Class in Oregon and Oregon regions......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Table 1.2-1: Forest-sector employment, income and industrial output, 2012 – direct, indirect and induced effects (income and output in millions of dollars) ........................................................................ 22 Table 1.2-2: Jobs and income — forest support activities .......................................................................... 23 Table 1.2-3: Jobs and income — primary forest products manufacturing ................................................. 27 Table 1.2-4: Jobs and income — secondary wood products ...................................................................... 33 Table 1.2-5: Jobs and income — transportation and distribution of forest products ................................ 37 Table 1.2-6: Jobs and income — forestland management and forest-dependent industries .................... 39 Table 1.2-7: Forest sector industries directly linked to timber harvest (jobs per MMBF).......................... 41 Table 1.2-8: Employment of Oregon’s core forest sector, 2006-10 ........................................................... 43 Table 1.2-9: Shift in market share of Oregon’s core forest sector, 2010. ................................................... 44 Table 1.4-1: Active Oregon primary wood product facilities, 1988-2012 ................................................... 64 Table 1.4-2: Product sales value of Oregon’s primary wood product manufacturers, 2008 ...................... 66 Table 1.4-3: Labor cost comparison by region ............................................................................................ 72 Chapter 2 Table 2.1-1: Number of building permits in metro areas in Oregon, California and Washington, 2005-11 ....................................................................................................................................................... 82 Table 2.2-1: Volume of mill residues (BDT) produced in Oregon and end use, 2008 ............................... 101 Table 2.2-2: Summary of Oregon bioenergy facilities utilizing woody biomass ....................................... 103 Table 2.3-1: Categories of ecosystem services ......................................................................................... 104 Chapter 3 Table 3.3-1: Oregon’s forest harvest tax rates, 2004-12 .......................................................................... 131 Table 3.3-2: STF Severance Tax rates for western and eastern Oregon, 2004-11 .................................... 132 Table 3.3-3: Total revenue to Oregon counties, gross timber sale value and timber harvest volume from BOFL, 2001-11 ........................................................................................................................................... 134 Table 3.3-4: Total revenue to Common School Fund, gross timber sale value and timber harvest volume from CSFL, 2001-11 ................................................................................................................................... 135 Table 3.3-5: Total revenue contribution to Oregon counties through federal payments, 1994-11 ......... 136 Oregon Forest Resources Institute i The 2012 Forest Report Figures Introduction Figure 1: Conceptual diagram of Oregon’s forest sector and its operating environment ............................ 6 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1-1: Percent timberland area by ownership in western Oregon and in eastern Oregon ............... 9 Figure 1.1-2: Timberland area in Oregon by ownership ............................................................................. 10 Figure 1.1-3: Unreserved private timberland in Oregon (USFS) and private wildland forest area (ODF) .. 11 Figure 1.1-4: Growing stock inventory for all Oregon timberland owners ................................................. 12 Figure 1.1-5: Growing stock inventory for privately owned land in western Oregon and in eastern Oregon ...................................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Limited Horizons on the Oregon Frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the Town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1988 Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890 Richard P. Matthews Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Matthews, Richard P., "Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890" (1988). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3808. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5692 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Richard P. Matthews for the Master of Arts in History presented 4 November, 1988. Title: Limited Horizons on the Oregon Frontier: East Tualatin Plains and the Town of Hillsboro, Washington county, 1840 - 1890. APPROVED BY MEMBE~~~ THESIS COMMITTEE: David Johns n, ~on B. Dodds Michael Reardon Daniel O'Toole The evolution of the small towns that originated in Oregon's settlement communities remains undocumented in the literature of the state's history for the most part. Those .::: accounts that do exist are often amateurish, and fail to establish the social and economic links between Oregon's frontier towns to the agricultural communities in which they appeared. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate an early settlement community and the small town that grew up in its midst in order to better understand the ideological relationship between farmers and townsmen that helped shape Oregon's small towns.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Cessna R. Smith Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Cessna R., "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 258. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 by Cessna R. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William L. Lang, Chair David A. Horowitz David A. Johnson Barbara A. Brower Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon’s Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson’s Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861—during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture
    [Show full text]
  • Freight Rail and the Oregon Economy a Background Paper
    Freight Rail and the Oregon Economy A Background Paper final report prepared for Port of Portland prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. March 2004 www.camsys.com final report Freight Rail and the Oregon Economy A Background Paper prepared for Port of Portland prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 100 CambridgePark Drive, Suite 400 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 March 2004 Freight Rail and the Oregon Economy A Background Paper Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... ES-1 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 Freight Demand and the State of the Rail Industry .............................................. 2-1 3.0 Oregon’s Rail System................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Rail Network....................................................................................................... 3-1 4.0 Rail’s Role in the Oregon Economy ........................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Measures.............................................................................................................. 4-1 5.0 Rail Use by Industry Statewide ............................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 5-1 6.0
    [Show full text]
  • Western Juniper Utilization Group Declaration of Cooperation July, 2013
    Western Juniper Utilization Group Declaration of Cooperation July, 2013 PROJECT OVERVIEW Juniper treatment is a key component of rangeland and sage grouse restoration. This restoration work has tremendous potential to create jobs, provide new economic opportunities to the timber and wood products industries throughout Oregon, and provide another sustainable resource for biomass energy related uses. Expanded job opportunities related utilization of juniper beyond the initial work created by the restoration projects themselves merit greater attention. There is general agreement that invasive juniper needs to be removed from both public and privately- owned lands to improve grazing conditions, discourage the spread of invasive weeds, improve water supplies, decrease wildlife risks in our communities, and to restore available habitat for sensitive species like the sage grouse. In addition, juniper treatment is a key component of rangeland restoration, has tremendous potential to create jobs, provide new economic opportunities to the timber and wood products industries throughout Oregon, and provide another plentiful resource for biomass energy- related uses. Oregon ranchers, the US Department of Agriculture and federal land managers are aggressively pursuing rangeland restoration projects to benefit sage grouse habitat and support the state’s interests in maintaining and growing sage grouse populations while also seeking to assure the long-term viability of ranching and our ranching communities. Expanding opportunities related to the utilization of juniper can also create additional jobs beyond those created through the restoration process themselves. The extent of these opportunities is framed in large part by the location and volume of invasive juniper potentially available as a byproduct of restoration after factoring in environmental and logistical considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON AVIATION PLAN Economic Impact Statement
    OREGON AVIATION PLAN Economic Impact Statement 2014 for NPIAS Airports Photo courtesy of City of Redmond Municipal Airport OREGON AVIATION PLAN Economic Impact Statement 2014 for NPIAS Airports The 2014 Oregon Aviation Plan Economic Impact Other modes of transportation cannot compete Study (2014 OAP EIS) is presented by the Oregon with aviation’s ability to move people and products Department of Aviation (ODA) and addresses the to where they are most needed safely, quickly and OVERVIEW economic contribution of aviation by Federal Avia- efficiently. Airports are a key component of the tion Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrat- state’s infrastructure, allowing Oregon businesses ed Airport Systems (NPIAS) airports to the Oregon to do business at a global scale, creating econom- state economy, updating the most recent study, ic growth and opportunity that reaches far outside which was completed in 2007. the airport property. Airports are a key asset to Oregon commerce, Economic impacts of airports include on-airport providing transportation, employment and real economic activities, as well as spending off-airport estate for commercial and industrial develop- by visiting air travelers and those employed by ment, in addition to being infrastructure essential on-airport businesses. This executive summary to emergency response, medical evacuation, fire presents totals for the state and the five state protection and freight transport. NPIAS airports regions as defined by the Oregon Department of contribute more than $8.7 billion to the Oregon Transportation (ODOT). The economic impact of economy annually and provide Oregon businesses individual airport studies and the methodology and residents with just in time shipments of the used to complete the analysis are presented in the goods that keeping Oregon’s businesses moving.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Oregon's Coastal Economy and Environment
    An Ecological Economics Approach to Understanding Oregon’s Coastal Economy and Environment Paula Swedeen, Ph.D. and Dave Batker Earth Economics Hans Radtke, Ph.D. The Research Group Roelof Boumans, Ph.D. Gund Institute for Ecological Economics Chuck Willer Coast Range Association Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................... 1 Economic Character of Coastal Oregon ..................... 2 Ecosystems as Natural Capital.............................. 4 Ecosystem Services and the Coastal Economy ............... 4 Introduction................................................ 10 Demographic and Economic Description of Oregon Coast.. 12 Demographic ................................................. 13 Understanding the Coastal Economy: Jobs, Economic Sectors and Income.................................................. 22 Detailed Economic Sector Descriptions and Trends ......... 26 Summary.................................................. 35 An Ecological Economics Approach to the Oregon Coastal Economy.................................................... 34 Introduction................................................... 34 Scale and the Coastal Marine Environment ................. 35 Four Capitals .............................................. 39 Distribution............................................... 40 Efficient Allocation of Resources ........................... 42 Private Wealth and Public Wealth .......................... 44 Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services of Oregon’s Coastal and Marine Environment
    [Show full text]
  • The Perceptions of Rural Teachers Engaged In
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 3-9-2021 The Perceptions of Rural Teachers Engaged in Environmental Education Professional Development Workshops: A Case Study of the Alder Creek Community Forest and the Story of Your Place Bryan R. Benz Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Environmental Education Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Benz, Bryan R., "The Perceptions of Rural Teachers Engaged in Environmental Education Professional Development Workshops: A Case Study of the Alder Creek Community Forest and the Story of Your Place" (2021). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5665. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7537 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Perceptions of Rural Teachers Engaged in Environmental Education Professional Development Workshops: A Case Study of the Alder Creek Community Forest and the Story of Your Place by Bryan R. Benz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership: Curriculum and Instruction Dissertation Committee Micki M. Caskey, Chair Heather Burns Anita Bright Suzanne Estes Portland State University 2021 i Abstract Environmental issues can be difficult for people to understand and for teachers to address in their classrooms. Issues such as climate change and ozone depletion are difficult to comprehend and present a challenge for most people to understand thoroughly the complexity of these environmental challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Business Direct Or Y & Community Profile
    COMMUNITY PROFILE COMMUNITY & Support Local Businesses serving the area where you live, work and play Coos Bay • North Bend • Charleston 2016 BUSINESS DIRECTORY 2016 BUSINESS DIRECTORY “ was visiting friends when I had I severe chest pain and needed attention quickly. I was lucky Bay Area Hospital had their heart program in place and it was just moments away. Now I’m healthier than ever—it doesn’t get much better than that.” – Jenny B. Coos Bay Trust your heart to the region’s only nationally accredited Chest Pain Center and Echocardiography facility. www.bayareahospital.org 1568 Oregon’s Bay Area Welcome to Oregon’s Bay Area! WELCOME The Bay Area consists of Coos Bay, North Bend and Charleston; three very distinct communities that, together, create a truly unique experience. Each has its own special attractions and interests, yet each shares a common community focus. The Bay Area Chamber of Commerce represents businesses in all three communities. We work for a healthy climate of good jobs, more customers and efficient government. The Chamber is over 600 members strong, representing every facet of our area’s economy. We have a place for you on one of our teams making a positive difference in our community. Truly, “Our business is helping your business”. Looking for a new site to expand your business? Southwestern Oregon Community College is well known for its abil- ity to meet the customized training needs of business. In addition, there are programs, services and support from many local sectors to help ensure a bright future for your investment. We support local businesses serving the area where we live, work and play.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Page Name(S): Lesson 1 Oregon Forests
    Student Page Name(s): ______________________ Lesson 1 Oregon Forests – True or False? First, for each statement, underline whether you think it is true or false. Then, look for evidence in Oregon Forest Facts & Figures to verify or refute each statement. Circle the correct answer based on your findings. True or Statement Supporting Evidence (and Page False? Number) T F 1. About half of Oregon’s land area is forested. T F 2. The forest industry accounts for tens of thousands of jobs in Oregon. T F 3. The amount of forestland in Oregon has shrunk dramatically since 1950. T F 4. About one‐third of Oregon’s forestland is managed for wood production and about one- third is conserved for parks, wilderness areas or other reserves. T F 5. Private property owners control most of the forestland in Oregon. T F 6. Three‐fourths of the timber harvested in Oregon comes from federal land. T F 7. When the U.S. economy slows, fewer new homes are built, which affects wood products sales in Oregon. T F 8. Oregon is one of the top lumber‐producing states in the U.S. T F 9. Wood from Oregon forests is used only for making paper and lumber. T F 10. Forest owners in Oregon may clearcut (log all or most of the trees) on their own land without any restrictions. T F 11. Oregon landowners must replant forest trees after harvesting them. T F 12. Fire suppression (putting out wildland fires) has resulted in a greater fire risk for much of Oregon’s forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Transportation Modeling And
    OREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMIC AND BRIDGE OPTIONS EECCOONNOOMMIICC AANNDD TTRRAANNSSPPOORRTTAATTIIOONN MMOODDEELLIINNGG AANNDD AANNAALLYYSSIISS OOFF BBRRIIDDGGEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS TECHNICAL REPORT June 2004 Prepared by: ODOT Transportation Planning Analysis Unit Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas MW Consulting HBA Specto ODOT ECONOMIC & BRIDGE OPTIONS STUDY Technical Modeling Team ODOT Transportation Planning Analysis Unit Brian Dunn, Manager William Upton, Transportation Modeling Program Manager Rich Arnold Brian Gregor Lucia Ramirez Jan Shearer Ben Stabler Consultants Carl Batten, ECONorthwest Doug Hunt, HBA Specto Tara Weidner, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas Michal Wert, MW Consulting OREGON MODELING STEERING COMMITTEE Bridge Modeling Peer Review Subcommittee William Upton, ODOT, Chair Carl Batten, ECONorthwest Richard Bjelland, OR Housing & Community Services Department Gregg DalPonte, ODOT Motor Carriers Kim Hoovestol, Federal Highway Administration David Kavanaugh, OR Economic & Community Development Department Becky Knudson, ODOT Policy Section Keith Lawton, Portland Metro Copyright @2004 by the Oregon Department of Transportation. Permission is given to quote and reproduce parts of this document if credit is given to the source. This project was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The contents of this report reflect the views of the Oregon Department of Transportation, Transportation Planning Analysis Unit, which is responsible for the facts and accuracy of
    [Show full text]
  • Securing Oregon's Water Future
    SECURING OREGON’S WATER FUTURE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1. WHY WATER MATTERS TO OREGON’S FUTURE 4 2. WATER QUANTITY, QUALITY, AND ECOSYSTEMS 5 3. WATER USE IN OREGON 8 4. WATER AFFORDABILITY 12 5. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WATER 16 6. LAWS AND REGULATIONS 18 7. SUMMARY FINDINGS 24 8. A PATH FORWARD 25 9. RECOMMENDATIONS – THE NEXT THREE YEARS 29 END NOTES 30 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is dedicated to Oregon's water stakeholders, a passionate, smart, committed community whose guidance helped to shape this analysis of Oregon’s water challenges and opportunities. Thank you. In equal measure, we also thank the Oregon Business Council directors and their senior executives who served as members of the OBC Water Task Force. From that first rough draft in early 2020, you stuck with this project, energizing the inquiry, Bringing leadership and guidance, and learning more aBout the complexities of water issues than you ever imagined. Martin Doyle John Audley OBC WATER TASK FORCE MarIa Pope, ChaIr, Portland General Electric DavId Anderson, NW Natural Scott Campbell, Silvies Valley Ranch DavId FilIppI, Stoel Rives Jeff Grubb, MJ Murdock Charitable Trust ChrIs Mele-Wagner, Wells Fargo Joth RIcci, Dutch Bros Sam TannahIll, A to Z Wineworks Bill ThorndIke, MedFord Fabrication Dan Thorndike, MedFord Fabrication TASK FORCE SUPPORT Duncan Wyse, Oregon Business Council MartIn Doyle, Duke University John Audley, John Audley Consulting Recommended Citation: Securing Oregon’s Water Future, Oregon Business Council, 2021. INTRODUCTION For more than a decade the Oregon Business Council has recognized the value of managing Oregon’s water resources to grow our economy, protect our natural systems, and provide all Oregonians with abundant, affordable clean water.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Ballast Water Task Force Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon
    Portland State University PDXScholar Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations Center for Lakes and Reservoirs 10-2006 Oregon Ballast Water Task Force Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon Christina Simkanin Portland State University Mark Sytsma Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/centerforlakes_pub Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Simkanin, Christina and Sytsma, Mark, "Oregon Ballast Water Task Force Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon" (2006). Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations. 20. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/centerforlakes_pub/20 This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Oregon Ballast Water Task Force Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon Oregon Ballast Water Task Force Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon Prepared for the Oregon State Legislature Written by: Christina Simkanin and Mark Sytsma Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Portland State University October 2006 Report on Ballast Water Management in Oregon-2006 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the members and support staff of the Oregon Ballast Water Task Force for discussion, detailed comments, and recommendations on this report. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife provided data from 2002 to 2005. Kevin Anderson of the Puget Sound Action Team allowed the use of the treatment standards tables in Appendix II.
    [Show full text]