Apraxia, Neglect, and Agnosia
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cortex 89 (2017) 135e155 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cortex Research report Agnosic vision is like peripheral vision, which is limited by crowding Francesca Strappini a,b,c, Denis G. Pelli d, Enrico Di Pace a and * Marialuisa Martelli a,b, a Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy b Neuropsychology Research Centre, IRCCS Foundation Hospital Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy c Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel d Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA article info abstract Article history: Visual agnosia is a neuropsychological impairment of visual object recognition despite Received 23 April 2014 near-normal acuity and visual fields. A century of research has provided only a rudimen- Reviewed 14 July 2014 tary account of the functional damage underlying this deficit. We find that the object- Revised 24 October 2014 recognition ability of agnosic patients viewing an object directly is like that of normally- Accepted 13 January 2017 sighted observers viewing it indirectly, with peripheral vision. Thus, agnosic vision is Action editor Jason Barton like peripheral vision. We obtained 14 visual-object-recognition tests that are commonly Published online 1 February 2017 used for diagnosis of visual agnosia. Our “standard” normal observer took these tests at various eccentricities in his periphery. Analyzing the published data of 32 apperceptive Keywords: agnosia patients and a group of 14 posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) patients on these tests, Visual agnosia we find that each patient's pattern of object recognition deficits is well characterized by one Crowding number, the equivalent eccentricity at which our standard observer's peripheral vision is like Object recognition the central vision of the agnosic patient. -
Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences Sciences 12-17-2014 Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37 Alfredo Ardilla Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, [email protected] Byron Bernal Miami Children's Hospital Monica Rosselli Florida Atlantic University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cnhs_fac Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Ardilla, Alfredo; Bernal, Byron; and Rosselli, Monica, "Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37" (2014). Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences. 1. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cnhs_fac/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Behavioural Neurology Volume 2015, Article ID 565871, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/565871 Research Article Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37 Alfredo Ardila,1 Byron Bernal,2 and Monica Rosselli3 1 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA 2Radiology Department and Research Institute, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA 3Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Alfredo Ardila; [email protected] Received 4 November 2014; Revised 9 December 2014; Accepted 17 December 2014 Academic Editor: Annalena Venneri Copyright © 2015 Alfredo Ardila et al. -
NEGLECT and ANOSOGNOSIA a CHALLENGE for PSYCHOANALYSIS Psychoanalytic Treatment of Neurological Patients with Hemi-Neglect
Psychoanalytische Perspectieven, 2002, 20, 4: 611-631 NEGLECT AND ANOSOGNOSIA A CHALLENGE FOR PSYCHOANALYSIS Psychoanalytic treatment of neurological patients with hemi-neglect Klaus Röckerath1 Introduction This paper deals with two phenomena often observed in patients with a lesion to the right hemisphere of the brain: neglect and anosognosia. Fol- lowing an overview of the neglect syndrome from a neuroscientific per- spective I will present preliminary results and hypotheses formulated by our group based on the psychoanalytic treatment of seven such patients. It may be somewhat unusual for neurologically impaired patients to undergo psychoanalytic treatment. But in recent years, a combined effort to under- stand the underlying mechanisms of psychic phenomena has evolved in psychoanalysis and the neurosciences. Hence, the field of neuro-psycho- analysis established itself, studying the psychic implications of neurologi- cal damage in order to understand and gain insight into the "psychic appa- ratus", as constructed by Freud, from a different point of view. It is well known that Freud, a trained neurologist, hoped that one day the mecha- nism of psychic functions would be understood from a neurologist's point of view. He was convinced that the answer to the psychic problems he encountered with his patients must be rooted in the matter of the mind: the brain. That is why groups of psychoanalysts and neuroscientists all over the world have begun to exchange news and views about their common interest: the human mind. Both sciences basically deal with the same object. One way psychoanalysts can contribute is by looking at neurologically impaired patients in a psychoanalytic framework to establish what is dif- 1.The Neurops ychoanalytic Study Group Frankfurt/Cologne, Germany. -
Effect of Parietal Lobe Lesions on Saccade Targeting and Spatial Memory in a Naturalistic Visual Search Task Steven S
Neuropsychologia 41 (2003) 1365–1386 Effect of parietal lobe lesions on saccade targeting and spatial memory in a naturalistic visual search task Steven S. Shimozaki a,∗, Mary M. Hayhoe a, Gregory J. Zelinsky b, Amy Weinstein c, William H. Merigan a, Dana H. Ballard a a Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA b Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA c Department of Neurology, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Received 8 November 2001; received in revised form 7 January 2003; accepted 7 January 2003 Abstract The eye movements of two patients with parietal lobe lesions and four normal observers were measured while they performed a visual search task with naturalistic objects. Patients were slower to perform the task than the normal observers, and the patients had more fixations per trial, longer latencies for the first saccade during the visual search, and less accurate first and second saccades to the target locations during the visual search. The increases in response times for the patients compared to the normal observers were best predicted by increases in the number of fixations. In order to investigate the effects of spatial memory on search performance, in some trials observers saw a preview of the search display. The patients appeared to have difficulty using previously viewed information, unlike normal observers who benefit from the preview. This suggests a spatial memory deficit. The patients’ deficits are consistent with the hypothesis that the parietal cortex has a role in the selection of targets for saccades, in memory for target location. -
Chemoreception
Senses 5 SENSES live version • discussion • edit lesson • comment • report an error enses are the physiological methods of perception. The senses and their operation, classification, Sand theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields. Sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived. We experience reality through our senses. A sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived. Many neurologists disagree about how many senses there actually are due to a broad interpretation of the definition of a sense. Our senses are split into two different groups. Our Exteroceptors detect stimulation from the outsides of our body. For example smell,taste,and equilibrium. The Interoceptors receive stimulation from the inside of our bodies. For instance, blood pressure dropping, changes in the gluclose and Ph levels. Children are generally taught that there are five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste). However, it is generally agreed that there are at least seven different senses in humans, and a minimum of two more observed in other organisms. Sense can also differ from one person to the next. Take taste for an example, what may taste great to me will taste awful to someone else. This all has to do with how our brains interpret the stimuli that is given. Chemoreception The senses of Gustation (taste) and Olfaction (smell) fall under the category of Chemoreception. Specialized cells act as receptors for certain chemical compounds. As these compounds react with the receptors, an impulse is sent to the brain and is registered as a certain taste or smell. Gustation and Olfaction are chemical senses because the receptors they contain are sensitive to the molecules in the food we eat, along with the air we breath. -
Prosopagnosia by B
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 1959, 22, 124. PROSOPAGNOSIA BY B. BORNSTEIN and D. P. KIDRON From the Department of Neurology, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tiqva, Israel "And what is the nature of this knowledge or recollection? I mean to ask, Whether a person, who having seen or heard or in any way perceived anything, knows not only that, but has a conception of something else which is the subject, not of the same but of some other kind of knowledge, may not be fairly said to recollect that of which he has the conception?" "And when the recollection is derived from like things, then another consideration is sure to arise, which is, Whether the likeness in any degree falls short or not of that which is recollected?" "The Philosophy of Plato " Phaedo (the Jowett translation). Does visual agnosia exist in a partial or isolated bances in sensation time, in adaptation time, in form, in which certain qualities only are affected, visual acuity, and in brightness discrimination. as opposed to generalized visual agnosia? Many Ettlinger (1956) rejected Bay's contentions. After workers cast doubt on this concept, maintaining analysing 30 cases of head injury, he showed that that partial visual agnosia is no more than a com- some patients had neither field nor perceptual bination of defects in vision, memory, and orienta- defects, others had field but not perceptual defects, tion, appearing together. and only in eight of the 30 patients were field and The clinical elucidation of partial visual agnosia perceptual defects found together. It is true that is likely to be affected by the patient's intellectual visual agnosia is frequently associated with homony- capacity, his mental state at the time of examination, mous hemianopsia, but despite this there are cases and his ability to cooperate without being influenced of hemianopsia without gnostic defects. -
Treatment of Unawareness of Deficits in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury
J Head Trauma Rehabil Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. E9–E30 Copyright c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Treatment of Unawareness of Deficits in Patients With Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review Anne-Claire Schrijnemaekers, MSc; Sanne M. J. Smeets, MSc; Rudolf W. H. M. Ponds, PhD; Caroline M. van Heugten, PhD; Sascha Rasquin, PhD Objective: To review and evaluate the effectiveness and methodological quality of available treatment methods for unawareness of deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI). Methods: Systematic literature search for treatment studies for unawareness of deficits after ABI. Information concerning study content and reported effectiveness was extracted. Quality of the study reports and methods were evaluated. Results: A total of 471 articles were identified; 25 met inclusion criteria. 16 were uncontrolled or single-case studies. Nine were of higher quality: 2 randomized controlled trials, 5 single case experimental designs, 1 single-case design with pre- and posttreatment measurement, and 1 quasi-experimental controlled design. Overall, interventions consisted of multiple components including education and multimodal feedback on performance. Five of the 9 high-quality studies reported a positive effect of the intervention on unawareness in patients with some knowledge of their impairments. Effect sizes ranged from questionable to large. Conclusion: Patients with ABI may improve their awareness of their disabilities and possibly attain a level at which they personally experience problems when they occur. At present, because of lack of evidence, no recommendation can be made for treatment approaches for persons with severe impairment of self-awareness in the chronic phase of ABI. We recommended developing and evaluating theory-driven interventions specifically focused on disentangling the components of treatment that are successful in improving awareness. -
A Sub-Acute Case of Resolving Acquired Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia Shannon C
hysical M f P ed l o ic a in n r e u & o R J International Journal of Physical l e a h n a o b i Mauszycki et al., Int J Phys Med Rehabil 2014, 2:2 t i l a ISSN: 2329-9096i t a n r t i e o t n 10.4172/2329-9096.1000188 n I Medicine & Rehabilitation DOI: Research Article Open Access A Sub-Acute Case of Resolving Acquired Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia Shannon C. Mauszycki1,2*, Sandra Wright1 and Julie L. Wambaugh1,2 ¹VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ²University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA *Corresponding author: Shannon C. Mauszycki, Aphasia/Apraxia Research Lab, 151-A, Building 2, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA, Tel: 801-582-1565, Ext: 2182; Fax: 801-584-5621; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: 20 Feb 2014; Acc date:21 March 2014; Pub date: 23 March 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Mauszycki SC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a neurogenic, motor speech disorder that disrupts the planning for speech production. However, there are only a few reports that have described the evolution of stroke-induced AOS symptoms in the acute or sub-acute phase of recovery. The purpose of this report was to provide a data-based description of an individual with sub-acute AOS and aphasia followed from 1 month post-onset a stroke to 8 months post-stroke. -
Evaluation of Ideomotor Apraxia in Patients with Stroke: a Study of Reliability and Validity
J Rehabil Med 2006; 38: 108Á/112 EVALUATION OF IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE: A STUDY OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Kurtulus Kaya, MD1, Sibel Unsal-Delialioglu, MD1, Murat Kurt, PhD2, Nermin Altinok3 and Sumru Ozel, MD1 From the 1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, 2Department of Neuropsychology Rehabilitation and 3Department of Speech Therapy, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Objective: This aim of this study was to determine the define it verbally, but fail to perform it when given a verbal reliability and validity of an established ideomotor apraxia command (6). For example, a patient with ideomotor apraxia test when applied to a Turkish stroke patient population and may be able to close his or her eyes spontaneously, but may fail to healthy controls. to do so when instructed verbally. These patients are able to Subjects: The study group comprised 50 patients with right perform simple, spontaneous and automatic movements per- hemiplegia and 36 with left hemiplegia, who had developed the fectly. Ideomotor apraxia can be defined, in brief, as a move- condition as a result of a cerebrovascular accident, and 33 age- matched healthy subjects. ment disorder arising from damage to the parietofrontal Methods: The subjects were evaluated for apraxia using an connections that control deliberate movements (7). established ideomotor apraxia test. The cut-off value of the Successful maintenance of a rehabilitation program for test and the reliability coefficient between observers were patients with stroke depends on the patient’s fulfilment of given determined. instructions as well as their performance of prescribed exercise. -
Four Effective and Feasible Interventions for Hemi-Inattention
University of Puget Sound Sound Ideas School of Occupational Master's Capstone Projects Occupational Therapy, School of 5-2016 Four Effective and Feasible Interventions for Hemi- inattention Post CVA: Systematic Review and Collaboration for Knowledge Translation in an Inpatient Rehab Setting. Elizabeth Armbrust University of Puget Sound Domonique Herrin University of Puget Sound Christi Lewallen University of Puget Sound Karin Van Duzer University of Puget Sound Follow this and additional works at: http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/ot_capstone Part of the Occupational Therapy Commons Recommended Citation Armbrust, Elizabeth; Herrin, Domonique; Lewallen, Christi; and Van Duzer, Karin, "Four Effective and Feasible Interventions for Hemi-inattention Post CVA: Systematic Review and Collaboration for Knowledge Translation in an Inpatient Rehab Setting." (2016). School of Occupational Master's Capstone Projects. 4. http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/ot_capstone/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Occupational Therapy, School of at Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Occupational Master's Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERVENTIONS FOR HEMI-INATTENTION IN INPATIENT REHAB Four Effective and Feasible Interventions for Hemi-inattention Post CVA: Systematic Review and Collaboration for Knowledge Translation in an Inpatient Rehab Setting. May 2016 This evidence project, submitted by Elizabeth Armbrust, -
THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT of the PATIENT with EARLY DEMENTIA S Cooper, J D W Greene V15
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.2005.081133 on 16 November 2005. Downloaded from THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH EARLY DEMENTIA S Cooper, J D W Greene v15 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76(Suppl V):v15–v24. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.081133 ementia is a clinical state characterised by a loss of function in at least two cognitive domains. When making a diagnosis of dementia, features to look for include memory Dimpairment and at least one of the following: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and/or disturbances in executive functioning. To be significant the impairments should be severe enough to cause problems with social and occupational functioning and the decline must have occurred from a previously higher level. It is important to exclude delirium when considering such a diagnosis. When approaching the patient with a possible dementia, taking a careful history is paramount. Clues to the nature and aetiology of the disorder are often found following careful consultation with the patient and carer. A focused cognitive and physical examination is useful and the presence of specific features may aid in diagnosis. Certain investigations are mandatory and additional tests are recommended if the history and examination indicate particular aetiologies. It is useful when assessing a patient with cognitive impairment in the clinic to consider the following straightforward questions: c Is the patient demented? c If so, does the loss of function conform to a characteristic pattern? c Does the pattern of dementia conform to a particular pattern? c What is the likely disease process responsible for the dementia? An understanding of cognitive function and its anatomical correlates is necessary in order to ascertain which brain areas are affected. -
Visual Problems After Brain Injury
Visual problems after brain injury As a charity, we rely on donations from people like you to continue providing free information to people affected by brain injury. Donate today: www.headway.org.uk/donate Introduction Vision is the skill that allows us to see the world around us. When we look at the world, a complex series of processes takes place between the eyes and the brain. The eyes take in the information, while the brain (which is connected to the eyes by a nerve called the optic nerve) is responsible for processing and interpreting it. Through this system we are able to see things such as colours, shapes, movement, objects and people. When the brain is injured, the ability to interpret visual information can be affected in different ways. This factsheet has been written to explain how brain injury can affect vision and how to seek professional support with these issues. Tips for coping with visual problems are also offered. Words in bold are defined in a glossary at the end of the factsheet. What is vision? There are lots of different aspects of vision. Some of the things the brain needs to do to decode information that it receives from the eyes are: • process the shape and colour of objects • process and merge information received from both eyes • recall information from memory to recognise objects or places • process the movement of objects • process the location and position of an object in space • process information across the visual field (including peripheral vision) Generally, different parts of the brain are responsible for processing these different aspects of vision.