UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

National self image: Celtic mythology in primary education in Ireland, 1924-2001 dr. Frehan, P.G.

Publication date 2011

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA): dr. Frehan, P. G. (2011). National self image: Celtic mythology in primary education in Ireland, 1924-2001. Eigen Beheer.

General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:24 Sep 2021 Chapter 4. Appendix I. Ministers of Education 1919 – 2002. 66

8 Feb ‘33 Council (C/6) Minister Dates Time in Office Comment 9 Mar ’32 – 2 Jan ’33. 1. John J. O Kelly 26 Aug ’21 – 4 ½ months Non -Cabinet Minister / 2 nd 11. Thomas Derrig 8 Feb ’33 – 4 years & 5 8th Dail / 7th Executive (Sceilg) 9 Jan ‘22 Dail / 21 July ‘37 months Council (C/7) 1st Ministry (Pre-Treaty) 8 Feb ’33 – 14 June ’37. 2. Michael Hayes 11 Jan ’22 – 8 months Non -Cabinet Minister / 2 nd 12. Thomas Derrig 21 July ’37 – 11 months 9th Dail / 8th Executive 9 Sept ‘22 (approx) Dail / 30 June ‘38 Council (C/8) 2nd Ministry (Post Treaty). 21 July ’37 – 27 May ’38. Note. Ministrial substitute for Finial Lynch. 29 th Dec ’37: New Provisional Gov. 14 Jan – 9 Constitution came into Sept ‘22 operation and 8 th Exec. 3. Francis Fahy ? Non -Cabinet Minister / 2 nd Council became the First Dail / Government . The title of 2nd Ministry (Post Treaty) President of Exec. Council Ass. Min. of Education but was changed to Taoiseach and never ratified by Dail: ? – 3 Vice-President changed to Feb 1922 Tánaiste . 4. Eoin MacNeill 30 Aug – 6 3 months & I 3rd Dail / Provisional Gov. 13. Thomas Derrig 30 June ’38 1 year & 2 10 th Dail / Second Dec 1922 week 9 Sept – 6 Dec 1922 (1) – 8 Sept ‘39 months Government 5. Eoin MacNeill 6 Dec 1922 – 10 months 3rd Dail / 1 st Executive Council 8 Sept ’39 – 30 June ’38 – 26 June ’43. 3 Oct 1923 (C/1) 14. Seán T. Ó 27 Sept ‘39 19 days 6 Dec ’22 – 9 Aug ‘23 Ceallaigh 6. Eoin MacNeill 3 Oct 1923 – 2 years & 2 4th Dail / 2 nd Executive (2) 27 Sept ’39 – 24 Nov ‘25 months Council (C/2) 18 June ‘40 8 months & 22 Due to outbreak of European 19 Sept ’23 – 23 May ’27. 15. Eamon de Valera days War the Cabinet was MacNeill resigned over (3) 18 June ’40 reorganised. Boundary Commissions chaos. – 2 July ‘43 1924 Ministers and Secretaries Act which officially sets up all the Ministries in the Free 16. Thomas Derrig 3 years & 2 State, incl. the Department of Education. (4) weeks th 7. John M. 28 Jan ’26 – 1 year & 5 4th Dail / 2 nd Executive 17. Thomas Derrig 2 July ’43 – 11 months 11 Dail / Third Government O’Sullivan 23 June ‘27 months Council (C/2) 9 June ‘44 1 July ’43 – 7 June ’44. th 19 Sept ’23 – 23 May ’27. 18. Thomas Derrig 9 June ’44 – 3 years & 8 12 Dail / Fourth Government ? 5th Dail / 3 rd Executive 18 Feb ‘48 months & 9 9 June ’44 - 12 Jan ’48. Council (C/3) days th 23 June ’27 – 12 Oct ’27. / 19. Richard Mulcahy 18 Feb ’48 – 3 years & 3 13 Dail / Fifth Government No Minister listed for this 7 Mar ‘51 weeks 18 Feb ’48 – 13 June ’51. period on www site? Note: 1 April 1949 The 8. John M. 12 Oct ’27 – 2 ½ years 6th Dail / 4th Executive Republic of Ireland Act O’Sullivan 3 April ‘30 Council (C/4) declares Eire a Republic. th 11 Oct ’27 – 3 April ’30. 20. Sean Moylan 13 June ’51 3 years approx. 14 Dail / Sixth Government 9. John M. 3 April ’30 – 1 year & 11 6th Dail / 5th Executive – 2 June ‘54 13 June ’51 – 24 May ‘54 th O’Sullivan 9 Mar ‘32 months Council (C/5) 21. Richard Mulcahy 2 June ’54 – 2 years & 10 15 Dail / Seventh 11 Oct ’27 – 29 Jan ’32. 20 March months Government 10. Thomas Derrig 9 Mar ’32 – 11 months 7th Dail / 6th Executive ‘57 2 June ’54 – 12 Feb ’57. Note: Patrick J. Lindsay: Par.

Chapter 4. Appendix I. Ministers of Education 1919 – 2002. 67

Sec. To Min.of Education 2 Mar ’73 – 14 Mar ‘73 until 24 Oct ’56 when he 31. Richard Burke 14 Mar ’73 – 2 years & 11 20 th Dail / Fourteenth became Min. for the 2 Dec ‘76 months Government Gaeltacht. Burke resigned. 22. Jack Lynch 20 Mar ’57 – 2 years & 3 16 th Dail / Eight Government 32. Peter Barry 2 Dec ’76 - 5 7 months 20 th Dail / Fourteenth 24 June ‘59 months 20 Mar ’57 – 15 Sept ’61 July ’77 Government (14 Mar ’73 – 5 Note: De Valera retired from July ‘77) politics 23/6/ 59. 33. John P. Wilson 5 July ’77 – 2 years & 5 21 st Dail / Fifteenth 23. Patrick J. Hillary 24 June ’59 2 years & 4 16 th Dail / Ninth Government 11 Dec ‘79 months Government - 5 July ’77 – 11 – 11 Oct ‘61 months Dev retired – FF remained in Dec ‘ 79 power – no need for election. James Tunney Par. Sec to Cabinet reshuffled. Min. of Ed 24. Patrick J. Hillary 12 Oct ’61 – 3 years & 6 17 th Dail / Tenth Government 5 July ’77 – 1 Jan ’78. 21 April ‘65 months Post changed to Minister of 25. George Colley 21 April ’65 1 year & 3 18 th Dail / Eleventh State on 1 Jan ’78. – 13 July ‘66 months Government Then J. Tunney : MoS 1 Jan ’78 – 11 Dec ‘79 26. Donogh 13 July ’66 – 4 months 18 th Dail / Eleventh 34. John P. Wilson 12 Dec ’79 – 1 year & 6 21 st Dail / Sixteenth O’Malley 10 Nov ‘66 Government 30 June ‘81 months Government 11 Dec ’79 – 30 June ‘81 27. Donogh 10 Nov ’66 – 1 years & 4 18 th Dail / Twelfth O’Malley 10 Mar ‘68 months Government James Tunney MoS 12 Dec He died. ’79 – 30 June ‘81 28. Jack Lynch 11 Mar ’68 – 15 days 18 th Dail / Twelfth 35. John Boland 30 June ’81 8 months & 2 22 nd Dail / Seventeenth 26 Mar ‘68 Government – 9 Mar ‘82 weeks Government

29. Brian Lenihan 26 Mar ’68 – 1 year & 3 18 th Dail / Twelfth James Tunney MoS 30 June 2 July ‘69 months Government ’81 – 9 Mar ‘82 36. Martin 9 Mar ’82 – 7 months 23 rd Dail / Eighteenth 30. Pádraig Faulkner 2 July ’69 – 3 years & 6 19 th Dail / Thirteenth O’Donoghue 6 Oct ‘82 Government Maire 3 Jan ‘73 months Government Geoghegan-Quinn MoS: 23 Note: Robert Molloy Par. Sec Mar ’82 - 14 Dec ‘82 to Min. of Ed 37. Charles Haughey 6 Oct ’82 – 3 weeks O’Donoghue regigned! / 2 July ’69 – 9 May ‘70 27 Oct ‘82 Haughey interim Minister Molloy appointed as Minister 38. Gerard Brady 27 Oct ’82 - 1 month & 18 for Local Government on 9 14 Dec ‘82 days May ’70. 39. Gemma Hussey 14 Dec ’82 – 3 years & 2 24 th Dail / Nineteenth Michael O’Kennedy Par. Sec 14 Feb ‘86 months Government to Min. of Ed 9 May ’70 – 3 Jan ‘73 George Birmingham MoS: 15 O’Kennedy appointed as Dec ’83 – 13 Feb ‘86 Minister of Ed. on 3 Jan ’73. Hussey moved due to Gov. James Tunney Par. Sec to reshuffle Min. of Ed 40. Patrick Cooney 14 Feb ’86 - 1 year & 3 Sean Barrett MoS: 13 Feb ’86 3 Jan ’73 – 5 Feb ’73 and after 10 Mar ‘87 weeks - ? General Election

Chapter 4. Appendix I. Ministers of Education 1919 – 2002. 68

Education and Science . Enda Kenny MoS: (dates unknown) Cabinet reshuffle on 27 Jan 41. Mary O’Rourke 10 Mar ’87 – 2 years & 4 25 th Dail / Twentieth ’00. 12 July ‘89 months Government 49. Dr. Michael 27 Jan ’00 – 2 years & 4 1. Michael Smith MoS: 1 July Woods 6 June ‘02 months – 8 Oct ‘97 Francis Fahey 2. Willie O’Dea MoS: 8 July MoS: 12-3-87 – 12-7-89 ’97 - ? 42. Mary O’Rourke 12 July ’89 – 2 years & 4 26 th Dail / Twenty-First 3. Noel Tracy MoS: 9 Oct ’97 14 Nov ‘91 months Government - ? 4. Frank Fahey. MoS: 21 Jan Francis Fahey MoS: 19 July ’98 – 27 Jan ‘00 ’89 – 11 Feb ‘92 5. Mary Hanafin MoS: 1 Feb 43. Noel Davern 14 Nov ’91 – 3 months 26 th Dail / Twenty-First ’00 - ? 11 Feb ‘92 Government 44. Seamus Brennan 11 Feb ’92 – 11 months 26 th Dail / Twenty Second Source : Department of the Taoiseach. History of the Government. 12 Jan ‘93 Government http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/ (Site accessed 13 & 14 January 2004).

Liam Aylward MoS: 13 Feb Note: ’92 – 12 Jan ‘93 Longest Serving Minister of Education (not consecutively): 45. Niamh 12 Jan ’93 – 1 year & 10 27 th Dail / Twenty Third Thomas Derrig 7 terms of Office 15 years – 30s + 40s Fianna Fáil Bhreathnach 17 Nov ‘94 months Government 12 Jan ’93 – 15 Dec ‘94 Shortest Serving Minister of Education: Jack Lynch 2 terms of Office 15 days – March 1968 Fianna Fáil Liam Aylward MoS: 12 Jan ’93 – 15 Dec ‘94

Bhreathnach resigned on 17 Nov ’94. 46. Michael Smith 18 Nov ’94 – 27 days Change of Gov. 15 Dec ’94 15 Dec ‘94 without dissolution of Dail! 47. Niamh 15 Dec ’94 – 2 years & 6 27 th Dail / Twenty Fourth Bhreathnach 26 June ‘97 months Government 15 Dec ’94 -26 June ‘97

Bernard Allen MoS: 20 Dec ’94 - ?

Austin Currie MoS: 20 Dec ’94 - ? 48. Micheál Martin 26 June ’97 2 years & 7 28 th Dail / Twenty Fifth – 27 Jan ‘00 months Government 26 June ’97 – 6 June ‘02

Name change from 30 Sept ’97 to Department of

Chapter 4. Appendix 2. Preamble, Education Act, 1998. 69

Education Act, 1998

An Act to make provision in the interests of the common good for the education of every person in the State, including any person with a disability or who has other special educational needs, and to provide generally for primary, post-primary, adult and continuing education and vocational education and training; to ensure that the education system is accountable to students, their parents and the State for the education provided, respects the diversity of values, beliefs, languages and traditions in Irish society and is conducted in a spirit of partnership between schools, patrons, students, parents, teachers and other school staff, the community served by the school and the State; to provide for the recognition and funding of schools and their management through boards of management; to provide for an inspectorate of schools; to provide for the role and responsibilities of principles and teachers; to establish the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment and to make provision for it, and to provide for related Matters. [23 rd December, 1998]

Source: Department of Education and Science. Education Act, 1998 . Dublin: The Stationary Office. 1998.

Chapter 4. Appendix 3. Publishing Houses and a Sample of Textbooks Published 1922 - 1967 70

___. The Golden Crest. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1927. Thom, Alex ___. The Golden Age. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1927. Thom, Alex. Iona Literary Readers. Dublin: Thom. 1925. ___. The New Sterling Readers: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1929. ___. Ireland School Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Thom. 1929. ___. The New Sterling Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1929. ___. The Ireland School Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Thom. 1929. ___. The New Sterling Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1929. ___. Voice of Ireland: Junior Book. Dublin: Thom. 1933. ___. The Sterling Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan, n.d. ___. Voice of Ireland: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Thom. 1933. ___. The Sterling Readers: Advanced Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan, n.d. ___. Ireland School Reader: Senior Book. Dublin: Thom. 1935. ___. St. Brendan Readers: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1930. ___. Iona School Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Thom. 1940. ___. St. Brendan Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1930. ___. Emerald School Readers. Dublin: Thom. 1945. ___. The Clarion Readers: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1931. ___. Leightheoirí Cualann . Dublin: Thom. 1945. ___. The Clarion Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1931. Browne & Nolan ___. Irish World Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1933. Browne and Nolan. Rosemary Readers: Primer. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. Irish World Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1933. ___. Rosemary Readers: Introductory Reader. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. Irish World Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1933. ___. Rosemary Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. New Model Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1938. ___. Rosemary Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. Young Ireland Reader: Intermediate. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1948. ___. Rosemary Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. On Wings of Words: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1956. ___. Rosemary Readers: Advanced Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1925. ___. On Wings of Words: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1956. ___. The New National Readers: Preparatory (also Beginners’, & Junior). Browne &Nolan, n.d. ___. On Wings of Words: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1956.

___. The Oriel Readers: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1926. ___. On Wings of Words: Senior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1956.

___. The Oriel Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1926. ___. New Prospect: Junior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1966.

___. The Oriel Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1926. ___. New Prospect: Senior Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1966.

___. The Oriel Higher Class Book. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1926.

Chapter 4. Appendix 3. Publishing Houses and a Sample of Textbooks Published 1922 - 1967 71

___. Reading Time: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1954. Educational Company ___. Road to Reading: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1958. Educational Company. Standard Irish Reader: Sixth Reader. Dublin: Educational Company. 1927. ___. Road to Reading: Junior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1958.

___. New Treasure House Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1927. ___. Road to Reading: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1958.

___. Nation Building: A School Reader. Dublin: Educational Company. 1928. ___. Road to Reading: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1958.

___. New Sterling Readers. Dublin: Educational Company. 1929. ___. Fact and Fancy: Beginners’ Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1963.

___. Saint Enda Readers. Dublin: Educational Company. 1929. ___. Fact and Fancy: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1963.

___. Educational Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1930. ___. Fact and Fancy: Junior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1963.

___. Saint Ita Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1930. ___. Fact and Fancy: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1963.

___. Saint Ita Readers: Standard V. Dublin: Educational Company. 1930. ___. Fact and Fancy: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1963.

___. Irish Life and Work Readers. Dublin: Educational Company. 1931. ___. Day by Day Readers: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1967.

___. Literary Treasures: Old and New. Dublin: Educational Company. 1934. ___. Day by Day Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1967.

___. New Outlook Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1935. ___. Day by Day Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1967.

___. New Model Readers: Middle Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1935. ___. Day by Day Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1967.

___. Clonard Readers: Senior. Dublin: Educational Company. 1937. Texts: Bayne, Marie. The Land I love (3 Parts). Dublin: Educational Company. 1930. ___. A Senior Reader for Girls. Dublin: Educational Company. 1939. Fallon, C. J. ___. Kincora Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1940. Fallon, C. J. Flowers of Literature: Ideal Series, Books I to IV. Dublin: Fallon Bros., n.d. ___. Educational Reader. Dublin: Educational Company. 1945. (On approved list in 1926). ___. A Country Life Reader. Dublin: Educational Company. 1948. ___. New Marian Readers. Dublin: Fallons. 1945. ___. Land of Youth Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1950. ___. Rex Readers: For Happy Afternoons. London: Macmillan / Fallons. 1951. ___. Land of Youth Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1950. ___. Rex Readers: Stories Old and New. London: Macmillan / Fallons. 1951. ___. Reading Time: Preparatory Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1954. ___. Short History of Ireland: Part I. Dublin: Fallons. 1959. ___. Reading Time: Junior Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1954. ___. Golden Key Readers: Beginners’ Book. Dublin: Fallons. 1961.

Chapter 4. Appendix 3. Publishing Houses and a Sample of Textbooks Published 1922 - 1967 72

___. Saint Columba Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Educational Company. 1927. ___. Golden Key Readers: Introductory Book. Dublin: Fallons. 1961. ___. A Preparatory History of Ireland. Dublin: Educational Company. 1933. ___. Golden Key Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Fallons. 1961.

Texts from various Publishers: O’Siochfhrahda, M. Stair Seanchas Eireann: Cuid a hAon . Dublin: Educational Company. 1933. Braithre Criostaimhle (Irish Christian Brothers). Stair na hEireann: Ceist is Freagra. Dublin: Gill. 1927. ___. Stair Seanchas Eireann: Cuid a Dó . Dublin: Educational Company. 1933.

Gill, M.H. School of History: Parts One and Two. Dublin: M.H. Gill. 1929. O’Siochfhrahda, P. Stair Seanchas Eireann . Dublin: Educational Company. 1966. Casserley, D. Boys and Girls of Ancient Ireland. Dublin: Fallons. 1937.

Hall, P. Stories from Irish History and Legend. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1966. O’Suilleabháin, P. Sgéal na hEireann I gcoir páisti scoile. Dublin: Educational Company. 1922. Hourihane, Mortimer. Mellifont Readers: Beginners’ Book. Dublin: Mellifont. 1960. ___. Leabhairini Í: An Paisdín Fionn . Dublin: Thom. 1924. ___. Mellifont Readers: Junior Book. Dublin: Mellifont. 1960.

___. Mellifont Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Mellifont. 1960. Source for some of above listed schoolbooks: Bennett, J. Culture, Curriculum and Primary Education in Ireland, 1920-1970 . ___. Mellifont Readers: Senior Book. Dublin: Mellifont. 1960. Unpublished Thesis, Faculty of Education in St. Patrick’s College Maynooth. 1992.

Kelly, W.J., ed. Golden Key Readers: Introductory Book. Dublin: Fallons. 1956 (reprint 1962).

___. Golden Readers: Intermediate Book. Dublin: Fallons. 1954 (reprint 1956).

Ní Gráda, M. Sraith na Féinne: Leabhar Oscair . Dublin: Educational Company. 1940.

___. Sraith na Féinne: Leabhar Oisín . Dublin: Educational Company. 1940.

___. Sraith na Féinne: Leabhar Dhiarmada . Dublin: Educational Company. 1940.

O Maoláin, M. Leaders of the Gael. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1924.

___. Chiefs of Ēire. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1924.

___. Stories from Irish History. Dublin: Educational Company. 1926.

___. A First Book of Irish History. Dublin: Educational Company. 1927.

Chapter 4. Appendix 4. Mythological Texts: Thematic Groups and Number Breakdown by Decade 73

Focus / Theme of Text 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00 -01 ?? Total # 1. The Salmon of Knowledge 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 12 2. The Children of Lir 5 5 0 2 1 0 3 2 1 19 3. Cúchulainn 2 8 9 3 2 1 3 7 5 40 4. Fionn 4 9 5 5 4 1 5 4 1 38 5. Oisín 5 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 19 6. Na Fianna 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 3 0 10 7. The Sons of Usna 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 7 8. Diarmaid & Gráinne 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9. King Cormac 1 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 8 10. Tuatha de Danann 4 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 12 11. Maelduin 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 12. Eamhain Macha 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 13. Táin related 1 0 2 1 2 0 4 3 3 16 14. Heroic Tales (general) 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 15. History /Legend 3 3 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 10 16. Tír na nÓg 0 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 6 17. Miscellaneous 5 14 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 33 Total # of texts to date 38 57 30 20 19 7 27 27 2 19 246

Source : Writer’s Corpus.