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The Effect of Seagrass Habitat Fragmentation on Juvenile Blue Crab Survival

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The Effect of Seagrass Habitat Fragmentation on Juvenile Blue Crab Survival W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1999 The effect of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival Kevin Hovel College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hovel, Kevin, "The effect of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival" (1999). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616700. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-8cna-d330 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6* x 9“ black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. THE EFFECT OF SEAGRASS HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON JUVENILE BLUE CRAB SURVIVAL A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kevin A. Hovel 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number 9974945 UMI* UMI Microform9974945 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor otof PhilosophyFmiosop Kevin A. Hovel Approved September 1999 Romuald N. LipciuS, Ph.D. Committee Chairman/Advisor 'Emmett Duffy, PhD .tv ^ Robert J. Ortnl Ph D Mark R. Patterson, Ph D Ph.D. North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina a ■ Elizabeth A. Irlandi, Ph.D. Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, Florida ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE.............................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I - Effects of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival and abundance ............................................................................ 2 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 3 Introduction............................................................................................... 4 Methods..................................................................................................... 8 Results....................................................................................................... 16 Discussion................................................................................................. 18 Literature Cited........................................................................................ 25 CHAPTER 2 — Habitat fragmentation in a seagrass landscape: patch size and complexity control blue crab survival ...................................35 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 36 Introduction............................................................................................... 37 Methods..................................................................................................... 41 Results....................................................................................................... 50 Discussion................................................................................................. 54 Literature Cited........................................................................................ 65 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 3 - Modeling blue crab survival in a fragmented seagrass landscape.................................................................................. 76 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 77 Introduction............................................................................................... 78 Methods..................................................................................................... 81 Results........................................................................................................ 89 Discussion................................................................................................. 91 Literature Cited......................................................................................... 99 CHAPTER 4 - Dissertation conclusions........................................................... 106 Literature Cited........................................................................................ 112 APPENDIX 1........................................................................................................ 125 VITA....................................................................................................................... 151 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREFACE - NOTE TO THE READER Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of this dissertation are written as separate manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of this writing, chapters 1 and 2 have been submitted for publication). Due to the common underlying theme of this study, readers of this dissertation will note some unavoidable redundancy in these chapters. The reader will also note the similarity of the first chapter (“Effects of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival and abundance”) and the second chapter (“Habitat fragmentation in a seagrass landscape: patch size and complexity control blue crab survival”). Chapter 1 measures the effect of seagrass fragmentation on juvenile blue crabs under natural conditions, and compares the influences of several environmental variables on juvenile blue crab survival. Chapter 2 measures the effect of seagrass fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival in the absence of a covarying environmental variable (seagrass shoot density) found to be an important influence on survival in Chapter 1. Chapter 3 incorporates the results presented in the first and second chapters into a model for juvenile blue crab survival in fragmented seagrass landscapes. Finally, Chapter 4 summarizes the major results of the study, and discusses the relationship between the various components of the study. I refer the reader to this concluding chapter, and to the discussion sections of each chapter for information on the relationships between the chapters of this dissertation. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to gratefully acknowledge the support and encouragement of my advisor, Dr. Romuald N. Lipcius. He has provided extensive assistance to me in all aspects
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