Why Did President Obama Not Recognize the Armenian Genocide?
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Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 113 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 113 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 159 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2013 No. 24 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was Washington’s inability to take action whether it works—whether it helps families called to order by the Speaker pro tem- on today’s pressing problems. The fail- find jobs at a decent wage, care they can af- pore (Mr. COLLINS of New York). ure of uncertainty, with tax rates near ford, a retirement that is dignified. f chaos in the markets and a never-end- Unfortunately, all we have seen from ing stream of impractical regulations, this President is reckless spending and DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO is a cloud of doubt that has been cast heavy-handed regulation. TEMPORE over the entire economy. For most At the time of the President’s first The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- business owners, it is a daily struggle inauguration, the national unemploy- fore the House the following commu- just to keep the doors open in large ment rate was 7.8 percent. At the time nication from the Speaker: part because the government itself is a of his second inauguration, it was ex- WASHINGTON, DC, consistent obstacle. actly the same, and this month unem- February 14, 2013. The National Federation of Inde- ployment rose to 7.9 percent. While the I hereby appoint the Honorable CHRIS pendent Businesses recently released rate of unemployment has been mostly COLLINS to act as Speaker pro tempore figures from December indicating the stagnant, the national debt has not. -
108–289 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2004
S. HRG. 108–289 FOREIGN OPERATIONS, EXPORT FINANCING, AND RELATED PROGRAMS APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2004 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 2800/S. 1426 AN ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR FOREIGN OPERATIONS, EXPORT FINANCING, AND RELATED PROGRAMS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR END- ING SEPTEMBER 30, 2004, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Agency for International Development Department of State Nondepartmental Witnesses Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 85–923 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky TOM HARKIN, Iowa CONRAD BURNS, Montana BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama HARRY REID, Nevada JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire HERB KOHL, Wisconsin ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah PATTY MURRAY, Washington BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois MIKE DEWINE, Ohio TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JAMES W. MORHARD, Staff Director LISA SUTHERLAND, Deputy Staff Director TERRENCE E. -
Letter to President Barack Obama
September 12, 2014 President Barack Obama The White House Washington, DC 20500 CHAIR CC: Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel Human Rights Watch National Security Advisor Susan Rice 1630 Connecticut Ave. NW Under Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller Suite 500 Ambassador Samantha Power Washington, DC 20009 Phone: (202) 612-4351 Fax: (202) 612-4375 Re: 1997 Mine Ban Treaty [email protected] www.banminesusa.org STEERING Dear Mr. President: COMMITTEE I am writing on behalf of the US Campaign to Ban Landmines, a nationwide American Task Force for Lebanon coalition of non-governmental organizations, with respect to the new US policy on landmines announced on June 27. Amnesty International USA Arms Control Association Center for Civilians in Conflict The US Campaign to Ban Landmines views the recent US statement of intent to join the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty in the future and its commitment not to produce Evangelical Lutheran Church in America or acquire antipersonnel landmines ever again as positive steps in the right Friends Committee on National direction. Nonetheless, we feel strongly that additional measures are needed Legislation to ensure that landmines are never used again by the US or others. Landmines Blow! Legacies of War We understand the policy review is ongoing, and would like to suggest a Physicians for Human Rights number of steps the Obama administration should undertake as it concludes the review. Handicap International-USA Human Rights Watch Most notably, under the new policy, the US still reserves the right to use its Jesuit Refugee Service/USA stockpiled antipersonnel mines anywhere in the world until they expire within Mennonite Central Committee U.S. -
Review of U.S. Treasury Department's License to Convert Iranian Assets
United States Senate PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Rob Portman, Chairman Review of U.S. Treasury Department’s License to Convert Iranian Assets Using the U.S. Financial System MAJORITY REPORT PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE REVIEW OF U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT’S LICENSE TO CONVERT IRANIAN ASSETS USING THE U.S. FINANCIAL SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 1 II. FINDINGS OF FACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 5 III. BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 8 A. United States’ Sanctions Against Iran ............................................................ 8 1. The Joint Plan of Action ...................................................................................... 9 2. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action .......................................................... 10 B. United States Sanctions Enforcement ........................................................... 12 1. The United States Treasury Department ......................................................... 12 a. OFAC can Authorize Otherwise Prohibited Transactions using General Licenses and Specific Licenses ................................................................................. 14 2. The United States Department of State .......................................................... -
Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking
AP PHOTO/CHARLES DHARAPAK PHOTO/CHARLES AP Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 6 Findings 14 First-order questions for the next president 17 Best practices to consider 26 Policymaking versus oversight versus crisis management 36 Meetings, meetings, and more meetings 61 Internal NSC staff management 72 Appendix A 73 About the authors 74 Endnotes Introduction and summary Most modern presidents have found that the transition from campaigning to governing presents a unique set of challenges, especially regarding their newfound national security responsibilities. Regardless of their party affiliation or preferred diplomatic priorities, presidents have invariably come to appreciate that they can- not afford to make foreign policy decisions in the same manner as they did when they were a candidate. The requirements of managing an enormous and complex national security bureau- cracy reward careful deliberation and strategic consistency, while sharply punishing the kind of policy shifts that are more common on the campaign trail. Statements by the president are taken far more seriously abroad than are promises by a candidate, by both allies and adversaries alike. And while policy mistakes made before entering office can damage a candidate’s personal political prospects, a serious misstep made once in office can put the country itself at risk. -
Annual Report 2018
2018Annual Report Annual Report July 1, 2017–June 30, 2018 Council on Foreign Relations 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 tel 212.434.9400 1777 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006 tel 202.509.8400 www.cfr.org [email protected] OFFICERS DIRECTORS David M. Rubenstein Term Expiring 2019 Term Expiring 2022 Chairman David G. Bradley Sylvia Mathews Burwell Blair Effron Blair Effron Ash Carter Vice Chairman Susan Hockfield James P. Gorman Jami Miscik Donna J. Hrinak Laurene Powell Jobs Vice Chairman James G. Stavridis David M. Rubenstein Richard N. Haass Vin Weber Margaret G. Warner President Daniel H. Yergin Fareed Zakaria Keith Olson Term Expiring 2020 Term Expiring 2023 Executive Vice President, John P. Abizaid Kenneth I. Chenault Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer Mary McInnis Boies Laurence D. Fink James M. Lindsay Timothy F. Geithner Stephen C. Freidheim Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, Stephen J. Hadley Margaret (Peggy) Hamburg and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair James Manyika Charles Phillips Jami Miscik Cecilia Elena Rouse Nancy D. Bodurtha Richard L. Plepler Frances Fragos Townsend Vice President, Meetings and Membership Term Expiring 2021 Irina A. Faskianos Vice President, National Program Tony Coles Richard N. Haass, ex officio and Outreach David M. Cote Steven A. Denning Suzanne E. Helm William H. McRaven Vice President, Philanthropy and Janet A. Napolitano Corporate Relations Eduardo J. Padrón Jan Mowder Hughes John Paulson Vice President, Human Resources and Administration Caroline Netchvolodoff OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Vice President, Education EMERITUS & HONORARY Shannon K. O’Neil Madeleine K. Albright Maurice R. Greenberg Vice President and Deputy Director of Studies Director Emerita Honorary Vice Chairman Lisa Shields Martin S. -
U.S.-South Korea Relations
U.S.-South Korea Relations Mark E. Manyin, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Mary Beth D. Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation Brock R. Williams Analyst in International Trade and Finance Jonathan R. Corrado Research Associate May 23, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41481 U.S.-South Korea Relations Summary Overview South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is one of the United States’ most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. Congressional interest in South Korea is driven by both security and trade interests. Since the early 1950s, the U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty commits the United States to help South Korea defend itself. Approximately 28,500 U.S. troops are based in the ROK, which is included under the U.S. “nuclear umbrella.” Washington and Seoul cooperate in addressing the challenges posed by North Korea. The two countries’ economies are joined by the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). South Korea is the United States’ seventh-largest trading partner and the United States is South Korea’s second- largest trading partner. Between 2009 and the end of 2016, relations between the two countries arguably reached their most robust state in decades. Political changes in both countries in 2017, however, have generated uncertainty about the state of the relationship. Coordination of North Korea Policy Dealing with North Korea is the dominant strategic concern of the relationship. The Trump Administration appears to have raised North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs to a top U.S. -
The Iran Nuclear Deal: What You Need to Know About the Jcpoa
THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE JCPOA wh.gov/iran-deal What You Need to Know: JCPOA Packet The Details of the JCPOA • FAQs: All the Answers on JCPOA • JCPOA Exceeds WINEP Benchmarks • Timely Access to Iran’s Nuclear Program • JCPOA Meeting (and Exceeding) the Lausanne Framework • JCPOA Does Not Simply Delay an Iranian Nuclear Weapon • Tools to Counter Iranian Missile and Arms Activity • Sanctions That Remain In Place Under the JCPOA • Sanctions Relief — Countering Iran’s Regional Activities What They’re Saying About the JCPOA • National Security Experts and Former Officials • Regional Editorials: State by State • What the World is Saying About the JCPOA Letters and Statements of Support • Iran Project Letter • Letter from former Diplomats — including five former Ambassadors to Israel • Over 100 Ambassador letter to POTUS • US Conference of Catholic Bishops Letter • Atlantic Council Iran Task Force Statement Appendix • Statement by the President on Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Kerry July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Key Excerpts of the JCPOA • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Lew July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry Press Availability on Nuclear Deal with Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Moniz July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry and Secretary Moniz • SASC Hearing Testimony, SEC Carter Washington Post op-ed July 29, 2015 July 22, 2015 THE DETAILS OF THE JCPOA After 20 months of intensive negotiations, the U.S. and our international partners have reached an historic deal that will verifiably prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. The United States refused to take a bad deal, pressing for a deal that met every single one of our bottom lines. -
Buradan Yönetildiği Ile Ilgili Bir Kanı Vardır
ERMENİ ARAŞTIRMALARI Dört Aylık Tarih, Politika ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi sayı Olaylar ve Yorumlar 45 Ömer E. LÜTEM 2013 Ermenistan-Azerbaycan Çatışmasının Yakın Geleceği: Barış mı? Savaş mı? Yoksa Ateşkes mi? Emin ŞIHALIYEV İngiltere’nin Kafkasya Politikası ve Ermeni Sorunu (1917-1918) Tolga BAŞAK Levon Ter Petrosyan’ın “XII. ve XIII. Yüzyılda Kilikya Ermenileri Kültüründe Asurilerin Rolü” Adlı Eserinde Süryani-Ermeni İlişkileri Yıldız Deveci BOZKUŞ Ermeni Siyasal Düşüncesinde Terörizm Hatem CABBARLI Türkiye’nin Dış Politikasına Etkisi Bakımından 2015’e Doğru Ermeni Lobisi Ömer Faruk AN KİTAP ÖZETİ GÜNCEL BELGELER ERMENİ ARAŞTIRMALARI Dört Aylık, Tarih, Politika ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 2013, Sayı 45 YAYIN SAHİBİ Ali Kenan ERBULAN SORUMLU YAZI İŞLERİ MÜDÜRÜ Aslan Yavuz ŞİR YAZI KURULU Alfabetik Sıra İle Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK Prof. Dr. Bayram KODAMAN (Türk Tarih Kurumu, (Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi) Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ Doç. Dr. Erol KÜRKÇÜOĞLU (Milletvekili, E. Büyükelçi) (Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Araştırma Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Merkezi Müdürü, Atatürk Üniversitesi) (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI Prof. Dr. Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU (Marmara Üniversitesi) (Gazi Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR Dr. Erdal İLTER (Siyaset Bilimci) (Tarihçi, Yazar) Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY Dr. Yaşar KALAFAT (Tarihçi) (Tarihçi, Yazar) Dr. Bilal ŞİMŞİR Doç. Dr. Davut KILIÇ (E. Büyükelçi, Tarihçi) (Fırat Üniversitesi) Pulat TACAR (E. Büyükelçi) DANIŞMA KURULU Alfabetik Sıra İle Prof. Dr. Dursun Ali AKBULUT Prof. Dr. Nuri KÖSTÜKLÜ (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi) (Selçuk Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kalerya BELOVA Andrew MANGO (Uluslararası İlişkiler Enstitüsü) (Gazeteci, Yazar) Prof. Dr. Salim CÖHCE Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (İnönü Üniversitesi) (Louisville Üniversitesi) Edward ERICKSON Prof. -
Twitter: Transparency and Accountability
This is a preliminary, unedited transcript. The statements within may be inaccurate, incomplete, or misattributed to the speaker. A link to the final, official transcript will be posted on the Committee’s website as soon as it is available. 1 1 NEAL R. GROSS & CO., INC. 2 RPTS SAM WOJACK 3 HIF248000 4 5 6 TWITTER: TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY 7 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2018 8 House of Representatives 9 Committee on Energy and Commerce 10 Washington, D.C. 11 12 13 14 The committee met, pursuant to call, at 1:30 p.m., in Room 15 2123 Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Greg Walden [chairman 16 of the committee] presiding. 17 Members present: Representatives Walden, Barton, Upton, 18 Shimkus, Burgess, Scalise, Latta, McMorris Rodgers, Harper, 19 Lance, Guthrie, Olson, McKinley, Kinzinger, Griffith, Bilirakis, 20 Johnson, Long, Bucshon, Flores, Brooks, Mullin, Hudson, Collins, 21 Cramer, Walberg, Walters, Costello, Carter, Duncan, Pallone, 22 Rush, Engel, Green, DeGette, Doyle, Schakowsky, Butterfield, NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com This is a preliminary, unedited transcript. The statements within may be inaccurate, incomplete, or misattributed to the speaker. A link to the final, official transcript will be posted on the Committee’s website as soon as it is available. 2 23 Matsui, Castor, Sarbanes, McNerney, Welch, Lujan, Tonko, Clarke, 24 Loebsack, Schrader, Kennedy, Cardenas, Ruiz, Peters, and Dingell. 25 26 Staff present: Jon Adame, -
Samantha Power: Inspire Action Against Indifference
THE ECHO FOUNDATION Presents Samantha Power: Inspire Action Against Indifference Student Dialogue March 12, 2018 Hosted at Providence Day School 5800 Sardis Road Charlotte, North Carolina THE ECHO FOUNDATION 1125 E. Morehead St., Suite 101 Charlotte, NC 28204 The Echo Foundation 1 Inspire Action Against Indifference The Echo Foundation devotes this year’s study to the capacity for an individual to reshape the world against systemic indifference. Inspired by Samantha Power’s relentless dedication to securing human rights for the most vulnerable populations and nations, Inspire Action Against Indifference honors the rights endowed to every human life. Developed by Echo student interns, this curriculum guide offers educators and students alike a user-friendly tool with which to understand global atrocities, as well as what we, as a nation and as individuals, can do to stop them. The Echo Foundation offers these resource materials and collection of essays as an inspiration to you who shape the next generation. We challenge you to search each day for opportunities to weave lessons of compassion, respect for all people, and ethical decision making into every subject area; to teach children not to be indifferent to the suffering of others and to take a stand for justice; to believe in themselves, that they too have the power to make a difference… indeed, that it is their moral obligation to do so. Stephanie G. Ansaldo Founder and President The Echo Foundation 2 Inspire Action Against Indifference Samantha Power: Inspire Action Against Indifference Photo courtesy of Harvard Kennedy School “Our obligation is to give meaning to life and in doing so to overcome the passive, indifferent life” – Nobel Laureate for Peace, Elie Wiesel Photo Courtesy of yadvashem.org The Echo Foundation 3 Inspire Action Against Indifference Foreword I was a Balkan child raised in Serbia until the age of 11, at which time I moved to the United States with my family. -
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1 Climate change politics in the United States From Rio to Johannesburg Pierre Lepetit* One year ago international negotiations on climate change were expected to cease after the decision of President Bush to reject the Kyoto Protocol as “fatally flawed”. Despite the Bush administration's position, the rest of the world agreed at the sixth UNFCCC1 Conference of the Parties (COP6) in Bonn to push ahead without the United States, and a number of decisions were adopted at COP7 in Marrakech in November 2001. It allows for an imminent ratification of the Kyoto protocol before the Johannesburg summit in spite of Canada’s understandable reluctance.. Nevertheless the goal set by the Convention of Climate Change will not be reached unless the United States participates fully in the international effort. Without the United States, and because the rules have been relaxed in the Bonn and Marrakech bargaining, the Kyoto protocol will have only a modest impact on worldwide emissions. As Ray Kopp2 has shown, the amount of carbon dioxide that some countries would have to cut is approximately equal to the amount by which other countries – mostly Russia - would be allowed to increase. Moreover, without the United States there is little chance to enlarge the participation in the Kyoto mechanism during the second commitment period. “Countries know that pursuing virtuous global warming policies make little sense if no one follows suit. Any individual reduction on their part will be swamped by emissions from others. Indeed going first could be economically lethal, driving up a country’s production costs and pushing jobs abroad.