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Guide to the Microfilm Edition j 3., se tc the Microfilm Edition af ! Rcsenrch Callectisns 0n the Amutca,n Wst PapersI of ilre St. touis FtrTrade Part 3r Robert Campbell famity Collection from the St l.ouis l\rlercantile LibraryAssociation ffi ffi ibl ffi i-H=E n-l CAIVIPBELL iH H MI Flouse Museum Lhiversi ry Publicatians of America i_.__,.t ; f-"=-ii r5o8 Locust Street iffierf,l St. Louis, MO 63ro3 tE_Ej= I I I I r i "TABLE OF CONTENTS lntroduction ................ V Scope and Content Note XV t Note on Sources.... xix Editorial Note .......... xix T Reellndex Reel 1 General Daniel Bissell Manuscripts Chouteau Manuscripts ! of Auguste Chouteau Journal Robert Campbell's Narrative Robert Campbell Family Collection ol Historical Papers ! lntroduction Series One: Correspondence, 1 836-1 883. Reels 2-14 ! Robert Gampbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. Series One: Correspondence, 1 836-1 883 cont. .'.'....'.. Reels 1*22 Robert Campbell Family Gollection of Historical Papers cont. ! Series Two: Business Records, 1832-1885 and Undated Reel 23 F Robert Campbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont- Series Two: Business Records, 't832-1885 and Undated cont' 10 Series Three: Robert Campbell and Company, ! 1860-1885 and Undated ................ 10 Reel 24 Robert Campbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. Series Three: Robert Campbell and Company, ! 1860-1885 and Undated cont' 11 Reel 25 ! Robert Gampbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. Series Three: Robert Campbell and Company, 1860-1885 and Undated cont. 12 Series Four: Publications 15 F Reel 26 Robert Campbell Famity Collection of Historical Papers cont. !I Series Four: Publications cont. .......... 15 I Reel 27 'e r& tr Robert Campbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. & Series Four: Publications cont. .......... 15 $ Series Five: Financial Documents................ 18 Reels 2f3.l2g Robert Campbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. Series Five: Financial Documents cont. 18 Reel 30 Robert Campbell Family Collection of Historical Papers cont. Series Five: Financial Documents cont............'.....'. 20 Series Six: Other Campbell Family Documents 21 iv I t t r t INTRODUCTION Since the early 1980s a rebirth of the study of the West and the frontier has been going on throughout America. Anniversaries such as the centennial of the t Turner frontier thesis, 1492, the Constitution's bicentennial and that of establish- ment of the Old Northwest, the sesquicentennial of Texas, and even Davy t Crockett's 200th birthday have helped to create this resurgence of interest. But perhaps nowhere has this activity been more intense and significant, if understated, than in St. Louis, the traditional "gateway" to the great events that laid the founda- I tion of western American history. When John Francis McDermott, brilliant historian of early lr/ississippi Valley culture and society, once said that "St. Louis made the western fur trade: the western fur trade made St. Louis,"1 he summ arized the mat- t ter and called for renewed effort in placing St. Louis' role in the development of the West once more at the forefront of scholarship. t Since '1980, two of the great repositories of western history-the Mercantile Library and the Missouri Historical Society in St. Louis-have been enlarged. Nearby Southern lllinois University at Edwardsville has arranged and made avail- t able for researchers the research papers of the aforementioned Professor McDermott, a gold mine for the study of western American history. The fragmentary Narrativ* by Auguste Chouteau has been republished by the Mercantile Library; t William E. Foley and C. David Rice published the important study The First Chouteaus;3 and for the widest possible audience, University Publications of America has published the microfilm edition of the Chouteau papers held at the I Missouri Historical Society. The Campbell House, miraculously still standing in the heart of downtown St. Louis, has been revitalized and its records and artifacts on I the fur trade have become better known internationally. Perhaps another anniversary, the 2251h of the founding of St. Louis celebrated in 1989, had something to do with this, or maybe the upcoming 200th anniversary I of the Louisiana Purchase is on people's minds. Regardless of the reasons, St. Louis is today helping to preserve some of the most impoftant records on the devel- I opment of the West. The reader holds in hand yet another manifestation of this 1 See John Francis McDermott's introductory essay in The FurTrade: Northern Border/Rivers South, t an exhibition catalogue by T. R. Oates (St. Louis: Webster College, 1976): 5. z Fragment of Col. Auguste Chouteau's Narrative of the Settlement of St. Lourb was first acquired lrom Gabriel Chouteau by the Mercantile Library in 1857, and originally translated and published in St. Louis in 1858. rlt was reprinted by the Mercantile Library in 1989. t William E. Foley and C. David Rice, The First Chouteaus: River Barons of Early Sf. Lour.s (Urbana: University of lllinois Press, 1983). t endeavor, the microfilm edition of a collection of papers thought untiljust a few years ago to be lost, the record of one of the most important figures of the West, forgotten. This recent .$i; Robert Campbell, believed to be irretrievably scattered and # microfilm discovery is an event of major proportions for the history of the fur trade, that great commercial theme in the development of the economy of the American West, and hence the nation as a whole. As early as 1963, noted historian of the American West Dale L. Morgan had recognized in his research that a good, balanced history of the fur trade in the 1830s as it developed in the trans'Mississippi West would have to be centered, at least in part, around the life and career of one participant: Robert Campbell of St. Louis (1809-182S1.+ This logically follows from the documentary record. Gampbell stood at the center of so many events in the complicated history of the later rival: ries, politics, struggles, and strategies of the fur trade on the upper Missouri and the Rociies (which in turn reflect the tale of the North American fur trade) that it is a sound assumption that the study of his life could be useful in underscoring key aspects of that era. Campbell was associated not only with events but also with important figures, such as William Ashley, William Sublette, and Thomas Fitzpatrick. ln addition, he left a legacy of business skill as one of St. Louis' most important financiers of the mid-nineteenth century. Thus this compelling individual has often been looked to as a link, a connecting thread to St. Louis anO its economic province, the fledgling American West. Maddeningly, this connection between Campbell and the struggle for fur trade empires in the young nation has for generations been tentative at best. While for years Oampbell was known through classics such as Washington lrving's Captain Bonneville and in secondary sources such as the old biographical "mug books" of the later proud metropolis of St. Louiss (bent as it was toward the end of the century on celebrating its most famous or productive citizens as a ploy for further urban promotion), the primary sources on this venerable trapper's tife have been greatly lacking. Readers have had to depend on secondary sources as well as on the echoing memory of Campbell's later reputation as a fair businessman who helped develop St. Louis once he settled down. Of course, Hiram M. Chittenden had rescued what could be considered today half of the story of the mountain fur trade by inventorying and analyzing the papers of the Astor-Chouteau partnerships in the American Fur Company. Certainly these papers, which reach far back to the beginnings of St. Louis' history were crucial to 4 Dale L. Morgan, ed., The West of Wiltiam H. Ashley (Denver: Rosenstock-The Old West Publishing Company, 1964): xiii. For lurther inlormation on Campbell's influence, see also Morgan's The Rocky Mountain Journals of Wiltiam Anderson: The West in 1&?4 (San Marino: Huntington Library 19671:271-74. 5 The firsi edition of Washington lrving's Adventures of Captain Bonneville, or Scenes Beyond the Rocky Mountains of the Far Wesf was published in 1837 (Philadelphia: Carey, Lea, & Blanchard); see also J. Thomas Schar{'s biography ol Campbell, History af Saint Louis City and County, Volume 1 (Philadelphia: Everts, 1883):37G-72. Vi I t the later writing of the commercial and economic history of Missouri and upper Louisiana. t And, of course, the absolutely essential documents-the narratives and diaries of various participantslradually have been recognized and t".ou"r"o. y"t very little of the business side of the rival firms associated with William Ashley and I the Rocky Mountain Fur Company had been added to the record until recentiy, over the lasl decade, when a large body of Campbell's business records and ledgers t were discovered in St. Louis and added to the holdings of the Mercantile Library and thus to the record of the st. Louis fur trade in general. Campbell's life is illustrative of what became of thore pioneering St. Louisans I who helped open the West in their search for furs and profit. How such a life, once back in the home base of the developing midwestern urban center, continued to be involved with events on the western frontier is instructive for researchers examining t western history in detail. Life of Robert Campbett A: a young . man luit arrived from lreland, campbell made his way almost immediately ! to the burgeoning little river town of St. Louis in the mid-1g20s. As had William Sublette, James Bridger, and Jedediah Smith before him, Campbell an- swered GeneralAshley's famous clarion call for "enterprising young men,,from St.
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