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Premontre High School, Dec. No. 26762-A, 26763-A

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STATE OF WISCONSIN
BEFORE THE WISCONSIN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS COMMISSION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
::::
PREMONTRE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, an unincorporated association,

Complainant, :
:::

  • vs.
  • Case 12

No. 44069 Ce-2102

  • Decision No. 26762-A
  • THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN ORDER, a

religious organization, THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN FATHERS, INC., a Wisconsin corporation, PREMONTRE HIGH SCHOOL, INC., a Wisconsin corporation & NOTRE DAME de la BAIE, INC., a Wisconsin corporation,
::::::::
Respondents. :
:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :
:
PREMONTRE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, an unincorporated association, and EUGENE A. LUNDERGAN, DONALD C. BETTINE, and JOHN J. JAUQUET, officers of the PREMONTRE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION,
:::::::

  • Complainants, :
  • Case 13

No. 44097 Ce-2103 Decision No. 26763-A
:::vs.
THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN ORDER, a religious organization, THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN FATHERS, INC., a Wisconsin corporation, PREMONTRE HIGH SCHOOL, INC., a Wisconsin corporation & NOTRE DAME de la BAIE, INC., a Wisconsin corporation,
:
:::::::
Respondents. :
:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appearances:
Mr. Thomas J. Parins, Attorney at Law, Jefferson Court Building, 125
South Jefferson Street, P.O. Box 1038, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54305, appearing on behalf of Premontre Education Association and, for purposes of the motions posed here, for Eugene A. Lundergan, Donald C. Bettine, and John J. Jauquet.
Mr. Herbert C. Liebmann III, with Mr. Donald L. Romundson on the brief,
Liebmann, Conway, Olejniczak & Jerry, S.C., Attorneys at Law, 231 South Adams Street, P.O. Box 1241, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54305, appearing on behalf of the Premonstratensian Order and the Premonstratensian Fathers.
Mr. Dennis W. Rader, Godfrey & Kahn, S.C., Attorneys at Law, 333 Main
Street, Suite 600, P.O. Box 13067, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307-3067, appearing on behalf of Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Inc.
Mr. Mark A. Warpinski, Warpinski & Vande Castle, S.C., Attorneys at Law,
303 South Jefferson Street, P.O. Box 993, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54305, appearing on behalf of Premontre High School, Inc.

FINDINGS OF FACT,
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW AND ORDER

On May 23, 1990, the Premontre Education Association filed with the
Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission (Commission) a complaint of unfair labor practice which alleged that "THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN ORDER, a Religious organization, THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN FATHERS, INC., a Wisconsin corporation, PREMONTRE HIGH SCHOOL, INC., a Wisconsin corporation & NOTRE DAME de la BAIE, INC., a Wisconsin corporation" had violated the terms of a collective bargaining agreement to which the Premontre Education Association was a party. The Commission captioned this complaint as Case 12, No. 44069, Ce-2102.

On June 4, 1990, the Premontre Education Association "and Eugene
Lundergan, Donald C. Bettine, and John J. Jauquet, officers of the Premontre Education Association", filed with the Commission a complaint of unfair labor practice which alleged that "THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN ORDER, a religious organization, THE PREMONSTRATENSIAN FATHERS, INC., a Wisconsin corporation, PREMONTRE HIGH SCHOOL, INC., a Wisconsin corporation, NOTRE DAME de la BAIE, INC., a Wisconsin corporation & Rev. Dane Radecki, Principal of Premontre High School and Notre Dame de la Baie Academy", had violated "Sections 111.06a, 111.06b, 111.06c, 111.06f, 111.06h, 111.06k of the Wisconsin Employment Peace Act." The Commission captioned this complaint as Case 13, No. 44097, Ce-2103.

No. 26762-A No. 26763-A
In documents filed with the Commission on June 1, 1990, the
Premonstratensian Fathers noted their objection to the exercise of Commission jurisdiction over Case 12, and challenged the accuracy of the reference, in that complaint, to The Premonstratensian Order and The Premonstratensian Fathers, Inc. On June 4, 1990, the Premonstratensian Fathers filed an answer to the complaint captioned as Case 12. On June 4, 1990, Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Inc., filed its answer to the complaint captioned as Case 12. On June 14, 1990, Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Inc., requested from the Commission documentation concerning "eleven prior cases involving Premontre High School and the Premontre Education Association handled by the WERC." On June 14, 1990, the Premonstratensian Fathers filed an answer to the complaint captioned as Case 13. On June 15, 1990, Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Inc., filed an answer to that complaint. On June 19, 1990, the Commission issued a letter to counsel for Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Inc., which included "copies of the docket sheets for eleven prior cases" involving Premontre Education Association. On June 19, 1990, Premontre High School Inc., and the Rev. Dane Radecki filed an answer to each complaint. Each of the answers noted above challenged the exercise of Commission jurisdiction over the complaints.

On June 26, 1990, the Commission informally assigned me to act as
Examiner in each case. In a letter dated July 24, 1990, to each appearing party in both cases, I stated:

I have been unable to reach each party to the above noted matters, by phone, and thus write to determine your positions on the following questions:

1.

2. 3.
Can the jurisdictional issues posed in the answers to the complaints be resolved though the submission of written briefs?

  • Must
  • those
  • jurisdictional

issues be resolved before evidentiary hearing on the merits of the complaints is conducted?

Can the two complaints noted above be consolidated?

. . .
The Premontre Education Association, and the individual complainants responded in a letter filed by Thomas Parins with the Commission on July 30, 1990. That letter reads thus:

. . .
In answer to paragraph 1, we believe that the jurisdictional issues can be resolved through the

  • submission of written briefs.
  • Essentially the

jurisdictional issues have to do with church and state and we believe that such is settled law.

In answer to paragraph 2, we do not believe that these jurisdictional issues must be resolved before an evidentiary hearing on the merits in that the examiner will be able to make a legal conclusion prior to the hearing and no factual questions are involved.

In answer to paragraph 3, the complainants in both complaints agree that the two complaints can be consolidated on the basis that both essentially derive from the same underlying fact situation and that separate hearings would not be in the interest of judicial economy.

Mark Warpinski responded in a letter filed with the Commission on August 1, 1990, which reads thus:

. . .
In response to your inquiries, please be advised that it is my position that the jurisdictional issues should be resolved before an evidentiary hearing on the merits of the complaint is conducted. I also believe that the jurisdictional issues posed may be resolved through the submission of written briefs. Finally, I think that the cases at this point could be consolidated for purposes of resolving the jurisdictional issues.

  • -2-
  • No. 26762-A

No. 26763-A
The Premonstratensian Fathers responded in a letter filed with the Commission on August 1, 1990, which reads thus:

. . .

  • 1.
  • The jurisdictional issues undoubtedly pose

questions of law, but there are significant differences in the factual allegations set forth in the pleadings. The case filed by Attorney Parins makes specific allegations against my client, and recites allegations that are factually erroneous. As to that case, if Mr. Parins would care to stipulate to the facts set forth in my answer, I believe that the matter could be briefed and resolved on briefs. If Mr. Parins wishes to maintain the recitations of his complaint, then it seems to me that you will need to schedule an evidentiary hearing to focus on the facts directly related to the jurisdictional questions.

No such issue arises in the case filed by Messrs. Lundergan, Bettine and Jauquet, since that complaint makes no allegations against Abbot Mackin or The Premonstratensian Fathers except that they exist and that the complainants would like relief. On that set of facts, and on that case, the allegations of the answer will stand unchallenged it seems to me, and accordingly the matter could be determined on briefs.

2. before evidentiary hearing on the merits of the complaints. The issues raised are very important
The jurisdictional issues must be resolved issues related to the Constitutions of the United States of America and the State of Wisconsin. There is no more significant legal doctrine in this country than the doctrine of separation of church and state, and my clients simply must have those issues resolved first. We believe that the WERC and, in fact, the Courts, have no authority to even conduct evidentiary hearings on the merits of these complaints, and it is necessary that I hold firm to that position. We respectfully request that you approach the jurisdictional questions first.

  • 3.
  • As to my clients, I do not believe that the two

complaints can be consolidated. I believe that the allegations in the two cases directed to my clients are significantly different . . .

Each of the written responses noted above addressed both complaints.
In a letter dated September 4, 1990, to the parties in each complaint, I stated:

I am again having difficulty reaching each of you by phone in a timely manner. I write this letter to summarize the status of the above-noted matters, and to establish a procedure for addressing the pending issues.

It is my understanding that each advocate would be willing to address the church/state jurisdictional issues through written briefs. Mr. Liebmann's letter . . . does, however, pose a threshold issue of fact to the establishment of a briefing schedule.

That letter raises the possibility that those factual issues can be resolved "if Mr. Parins would care to stipulate to the facts set forth in my answer . . . " If Mr. Parins is willing to so stipulate or is willing to so stipulate for the limited purpose of posing the church/state jurisdictional issues, then a briefing schedule can be established. I would ask Mr. Parins to state his position on these points as soon as he can.

Mr. Liebmann's . . . letter also assumes that "the allegations of the answer . . . stand unchallenged" with respect to Case 13 . . . I would ask Messrs. Lundergan, Bettine and Jauquet to advise me, as soon as they can, if they agree with the above-noted assumption.

I will also note that Messrs. Parins, Lundergan,

  • -3-
  • No. 26762-A

No. 26763-A
Bettine and Jauquet, unlike the remaining parties, do not believe the jurisdictional issues must be resolved prior to the conduct of an evidentiary hearing on the merits.

Before ruling on whether the jurisdictional issues must be resolved prior to an evidentiary hearing, I would like to know if evidentiary hearing on the jurisdictional issue is necessary. Thus, I will await the responses of Messrs. Parins, Lundergan, Bettine and Jauquet before ruling on whether the hearing will be bifurcated to separately address the jurisdictional issues.

Whether it is necessary to bifurcate the hearing or not, I am holding . . . September 26, 1990 open for an informal pre-hearing conference on the procedural and substantive issues posed by the cases captioned above. If that date is not available for any of you, please advise me as soon as you can.

In a letter dated September 14, 1990, to the parties in each complaint, I stated:

I have received no response to my September 4, 1990 letter. I will take up the issues posed in that letter and any others you may wish to raise regarding the above noted matters at an informal pre-hearing conference to be held on . . . September 26, 1990 . . .

In a letter dated September 28, 1990, to the parties in each complaint, I stated:

I write to summarize the pre-hearing conference held on September 26, 1990 . . .

It is my understanding the parties will attempt to reach a stipulation of fact sufficient to pose the church/state jurisdictional issues. If a stipulation is reached, the church/state jurisdictional issue will be posed by the submission of briefs . . .

In the event that it is impossible to reach a stipulation, hearing on both matters has been set for . . . November 15, 1990 . . . I have already ruled that hearing will be limited to the submission of evidence and argument on the church/state jurisdictional issue.

Potential issues on the consolidation of Case 12 and Case 13 were touched upon. I have indicated to you that it is my opinion that consolidation of the two cases can come only by a Commission order. Issues on consolidation have been set to the side so that the jurisdictional issue underlying each case can be addressed.

I informed the Complainants in Case 13 that the allegations of Paragraph 9 need to be clarified. If the issue posed by that paragraph is that the three named complainants were terminated for "secular" reasons, the complaint should be clarified to say so. If this is not the issue posed by that paragraph, it should be clarified to state what the issue is.

Finally, I noted to you that while I have not fully researched the issues potentially posed by the complaints, I have looked to the series of decisions in Archdiocese of Milwaukee and St. Albert School, for guidance on the procedural points discussed mat the pre-hearing conference . . . If you wish a copy of any of these decisions, please advise me. More to the point here, I pointed out that Footnote 2/ at Page 6 of the Commission's decision, and, the discussion at pages 2-3 and 4 of the Circuit Court's decision state what I feel is the factual basis necessary to pose the church/state jurisdictional issue.

. . .
On October 12, 1990, the Premontre Education Association filed an amendment to the complaint captioned as Case 12. On October 16, 1990, the Premonstratensian Fathers supplied the Commission "a fully executed Stipulation." On October 24, 1990, Premontre High School, Inc., filed an

  • -4-
  • No. 26762-A

No. 26763-A answer to the amended complaint in Case 12. On October 29, 1990, Donald Bettine filed with the Commission an amendment to the complaint captioned as Case 13. On November 16, 1990, the Premonstratensian Fathers filed an answer to the amended complaint of Case 13.

The parties filed briefs and reply briefs, or a waiver of the right to file a brief or reply brief, by December 19, 1990. The Commission formally appointed me to act as Examiner in an Order Appointing Examiner dated January 25, 1991.

FINDINGS OF FACT

  • 1.
  • On May 23, 1990, the Premontre Education Association, referred to

below as the PEA, filed a complaint of unfair labor practice with the Commission. Included in the allegations of that complaint are the following:

. . .

  • 1.
  • The Complainant, the Premontre Education

Association, is an unincorporated association, being a bargaining unit under Wisconsin law duly recognized by the respondents, to represent all of the persons actively engaged in educational work at Premontre High School 610 Maryhill Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, on behalf of which Complainant has entered into a binding Labor Agreement with the respondents for the school

  • years 1989-90 and 1990-91.
  • The Complainant is

represented by Parins Law Office, S.C., 125 South Jefferson Street, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301 . . .

. . .

  • 13.
  • In February of 1989, the respondents,

through respondent, Premontre High School, Inc., did terminate the employment of all the members of the Complainant, Premontre Education Association. These terminations meant that all of the teachers at Premontre High School, Inc., were, in fact, fired.

14. The above described firings were done by respondents under the ruse and fiction that Premontre High School was being closed, and because of such closure, no longer needed teachers.

  • 15.
  • In truth and in fact, the educational

facility now known as Premontre High School will not close at the end of the 1989-90 school year, but rather will continue in business and will open for the 1990-91 school year. The only changes that are contemplated is that the school will have a change of name . . .

. . .
18. The above said firings are all contrary to the terms and conditions of the Labor Agreement now in effect between the parties as described above.

  • 19.
  • The Complainant, Premontre Education

Association, maintains that the above described labor agreement continues in effect and is binding upon, the respondents, and each of them, during its term . . .

20. The relief sought hereby is for an order from the commission requiring the respondents, and each of them, to honor all of the terms and conditions of the labor agreement between them, and each of them, and the Complainant, Premontre Education Association, during the entire term of said agreement.

. . .
The Commission captioned this matter as Case 12, No. 44069, Ce-2102.

  • 2.
  • On June 4, 1990, the PEA "and Eugene A. Lundergan, Donald C.

Bettine and John J. Jauquet, officers of the Premontre Education Association" filed a complaint of unfair labor practice with the Commission. This complaint was amended on October 29, 1990. complaint, as amended, are the following:
Included in the allegations of that
. . .

  • Complainants,
  • 1.
  • The
  • Eugene
  • Lundergan,

John Jauquet and Donald Bettine are all representatives

  • -5-
  • No. 26762-A

No. 26763-A of Complainant Premontre Education Association, being a bargaining unit under Wisconsin law duly recognized by the respondents, to represent all of the persons actively engaged in educational work at Premontre High School, 610 Maryhill Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, on behalf of which Complainant has entered into a binding Labor Agreement with the respondents for the school years 1989-90 and 1990-91.

. . .
9. In February of 1990, the respondents, through respondent, Premontre High School, Inc., did terminate the employment of the three aforementioned complainants. These terminations meant that all of the teachers at Premontre High School were, in fact, fired, such being a secular action.

10. Additionally, the respondents . . . denied employment to the three complainants for the 1990-91 school year.

11. Complainants contend that respondents are engaging in an Unfair Labor Practice(s) both as termination and as failure to employ on part of the respondents violate Sections 111.06a, 111.06b, 111.06c, 111.06f, 111.06h, 111.06k of the Wisconsin Employment Peace Act.

12. The relief sought hereby is for an order from the commission a) requiring the respondents to offer employment to the complainants at Notre Dame de la Baie Academy for the 1990-91 school year commensurate with their 1989-90 duties b) a cease and desist order preventing the said respondents from engaging in any further discriminatory acts toward union representatives c) requiring the respondents to issue a public apology in a conspicuous place at Notre Dame de la Baie Academy indicating the respondents have committed an Unfair Labor Practice and that they agree to cease and desist from further Unfair Labor Practices d) for such and further relief as the commission deems reasonable.

. . .
The Commission captioned this matter as Case 13, No. 44097, Ce-2103.

  • 3.
  • The Premonstratensian Fathers, referred to below as the Fathers, is

a Wisconsin non-stock, non-profit corporation, whose Articles of Incorporation include the following provisions:

ARTICLE ONE
NAME AND OFFICE

Section 1. The name of the Corporation shall be
The Premonstratensian Fathers. The address of the principal office of the Corporation is 1016 North Broadway, De Pere, Brown County, Wisconsin 54115.

. . .
ARTICLE FOUR
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES

The objects and purposes of this Corporation shall be the operation and management of the affairs, property, business and activities of religious and educational facilities and as such shall be duly benevolent, beneficial, educational, charitable, religious and scientific. This Corporation shall be operated in a manner consistent with the theology, philosophy, other teachings and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church and with the objectives and philosophy of The Order of Canons Regular of Premontre, a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church.

. . .
ARTICLE FIVE
POWERS

This Corporation, in order to carry out its

  • -6-
  • No. 26762-A

No. 26763-A objects and purposes, shall have the powers necessary or convenient to effect any or all of the purposes for which the Corporation is organized, as set out in Section 181.04, Wis. Stats., and, generally, Chapter 181, Wis. Stats., including the powers as set forth herein:

Section 1. To own, acquire, hold, manage or direct Corporations which are organized for the purpose of operating or conducting religious and educational facilities of every kind and character.

. . .
The Fathers' written by-laws include the following provisions:
ARTICLE I
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES

Section 1. Precepts. The Corporation shall exist and function pursuant to the precepts of civil law, the norms of the Roman Catholic Church and the philosophy of the Order of Canons Regular of Premontre. The Corporation and its affiliated corporations shall be managed and directed according to the doctrines, disciplines, laws, rules and regulations of the Roman Catholic Church.

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    2013 2013 Caractérisation des bandes riveraines de la rivière à Mars Ville de Saguenay Rapport technique Préparé pour la Ville de Saguenay i SIGNATURES Rapport préparé par : Le 27 août 2013 Alexandre Potvin Professionnel de l’environnement Chargé de bassin COBRAM Rapport vérifié par : Le 27 août 2013 Geneviève Brouillet-Gauthier, Biologiste Chargée de projet OBVS Caractérisation des bandes riveraines de la rivière à Mars ii ÉQUIPE DE RÉALISATION Organisme de bassin versant du Saguenay Coordination, planification et révision Marco Bondu, Directeur général OBVS Geneviève Brouillet-Gauthier, Chargée de projet OBVS Récolte ou traitement de données, rédaction Alexandre Potvin, Chargé de bassin COBRAM Geneviève Brouillet-Gauthier, Chargée de projet OBVS Stéphanie Lord, Chargée de projet OBVS Pablo Vilella, Stagiaire OBVS Caroline Caron, Bénévole OBVS Correctrice Maude Lemieux-Lambert, Secrétaire de direction OBVS Partenaires financiers et techniques Conseil d’arrondissement de La Baie, Ville de Saguenay Service Canada Regroupement des organismes de bassins versants du Québec REMERCIEMENTS Le Comité de bassin de la rivière à Mars (COBRAM) et l’Organisme de bassin versant du Saguenay (OBVS) tiennent à remercier les personnes et les organisations suivantes pour leur précieuse collaboration au projet : Service de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’urbanisme de la Ville de Saguenay; Service de géomatique de la Ville de Saguenay; Service des immeubles et de l’équipement de la Ville de Saguenay; Comité de soutien aux événements de la Ville de Saguenay; M. Gaétan Bergeron, Directeur général de l’arrondissement de La Baie. RÉFÉRENCE À CITER ORGANISME DE BASSIN VERSANT DU SAGUENAY. 2013. Caractérisation des bandes riveraines de la rivière à Mars, Rapport technique préparé pour Ville de Saguenay, Saguenay, 46 pages et 1 annexe.
  • 1 Atlantic Immigration Pilot Designated Employer List: The

    1 Atlantic Immigration Pilot Designated Employer List: The

    Atlantic Immigration Pilot Designated Employer List: The following is a list of employers designated in New Brunswick through the Atlantic Immigration Pilot. This list does not indicate that these employers are hiring. To find current job vacancies got to www.nbjobs.ca. Liste des employeurs désignés Voici la liste des employeurs désignés sous le Projet pilote en matière d’immigration au Canada atlantique. Cette liste ne signifie pas que ces employeurs recrutent présentement.ss Pour les offres d’emploi, visitez le www.emploisnb.ca. Employer Name 3D Property Management 670807 NB Inc (Dépaneur Needs Caraquet & Shippagan) 693666 NB Inc. A & J Hanna Construction Ltd (Fredericton) A&W Miramichi (630883 NB Inc) A.C. Sharkey's Pub & Grill (Florenceville-Bristol) A.N.D. Communications A.R.Rietzel Landscaping Ltd Acadia Pizza Donair / Korean Restaurant (Dieppe) Acadia Veterinary Hospital Accor Hotels Global Reservation Centre Acorn Restaurant / Mads Truckstop (Lake George) Admiral's Quay B&B (Yang Developments Ltd.) Adorable Chocolat Inc Adrice Cormier Ltd Agence Résidentielle Restigouche Airport General Store (649459 NB Ltd) Airport Inn AirVM Albert's Draperies Alexandru & Camelia Trucking All Needs Special Care Inc. Allen, Paquet & Arseneau Allen's Petro Canada & Grocery (Allen's Enterprise Inc.) AL-Pack Amsterdam Inn & Suites Sussex (deWinter Brothers Ltd.) Andrei Chartovich 1 Employer Name Andrei Master Tailors Ltd Apex Industries Inc Appcast Armour Transport Inc Arom Chinese Cuisine Fredericton (655749 N.B. Ltd.) Asian Garden Indian Restaurant Moncton (Bhatia Brothers Ltd) Aspen University Association Multiculturelle du Restigouche Assurion Canada Inc Asurion Atelier Gérard Beaulieu Atlantic Ballet of Canada Atlantic Controls (Division of Laurentide Controls) Atlantic Home Improvement (656637 NB Inc) Atlantic Lottery Corporation Atlantic Pacific Transport Ltd.
  • The Earlv Hudson's Bay ~Om~An;Account ~Ooksas SOU~~~Sfor Historical Research: an Analysis and Assessment

    The Earlv Hudson's Bay ~Om~An;Account ~Ooksas SOU~~~Sfor Historical Research: an Analysis and Assessment

    The Earlv Hudson's Bay ~om~an;Account ~ooksas SOU~~~Sfor Historical Research: An Analysis and Assessment "Truth isn't in accounts but in account books . 'The real history is written in forms not meant as hist~ry."~ The potential value of the business records of the fur-trading companies as sources for economic and ethnohistorical research has long been recog- ni~ed.~Indeed, some of the fur traders were aware of the historical value of the accounting records that they were keeping. Issac Cowie, for instance, served the Hudson's Bay Company in the Saskatchewan area in the 1860's and 1870's and subsequently wrote about his experiences. In his memoirs he included a section which dealt with the kinds of information that historians could find in the post business accounts. Also, he stressed that these records should be pre~erved.~Fortunately, most of the 18th-century business documents of the Hudson's Bay Company have survived, and in fact, the accounting records of the posts are frequently more complete than other lines of evidence such as correspondence files or daily journals of events. Yet, although scholars have been mindful of. the possible utility of business accounts for historical research, relatively little use has been made I The author would like to express his appreciation to the Hudson's Bay Company for granting him permission to consult and quote from the company's microfilm collection on deposit in the Public Archives of Canada. The reproductions of account book pages which were provided were also greatly appreciated. Also, I would like to thank the staff of the Public Archives of Canada in Ottawa, particularly Peter Bower and Gary Maunder, for their friendly help.
  • 209 Fur Traders, Racial Categories, and Kinship

    209 Fur Traders, Racial Categories, and Kinship

    209 Originally published as part of: 6th Algonquian Conference Papers (1974) FUR TRADERS, RACIAL CATEGORIES, AND KINSHIP NETWORKS Jennifer Brown University of Chicago Resume. Avant le fusionnement de leurs compagnies en 1821, les hommes de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson et ceux de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest employaient normalement des termes different pour designer les indigenes metisses des territoires indiens. Ces usages contrastants semblent refleter la difference d'attitudes et d'antecedents de ces deux groupes d'employes ainsi que les structures sociales distinctes dans lesquelles ils etaient integres—avec des implications quant aux genres de rapports sociaux que ces commercants entretenaient avec les groupes indigenes (en grande partie algonquins) et leurs membres. 210 Originally published as part of: 6th Algonquian Conference Papers (1974) FUR TRADERS. RACTAT, CATEGORIES, AND KTWSHIP NETWORKS In the decades between the 17cOs and 1821, the country of numerous Algonquian groups, as well as of many groups farther north and west, was also increasingly familiar territory to two varieties of European fur trader—Hudson's Bay Company men employed from London, England, and Canadian-based traders serving the interests of the various Montreal fur trade partnerships that eventually combined into the North West Company. The Hudson's Bay and North West Companies had strikingly different origins, histories, and organizational structures, and their personnel differed widely in their social origins, backgrounds, and 1 affiliations. This paper attempts first to sketch some of the social contrasts between these Companies and between their men, and then to pursue some possible relationships between these contrasts and the racial categories and attitudes of Hudson' s Bay men and North Westers in the Indian country.
  • Notre Dame De La Baie Academy

    Notre Dame De La Baie Academy

    NOTRE DAME DE LA BAIE ACADEMY GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN PRESIDENT START DATE: JULY 2020 WWW.NOTREDAMEACADEMY.COM Mission Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, as an educational ministry of the Roman Catholic Church, educates the whole person by developing each student’s Christian faith, commitment to service, and full academic potential within a caring Church community. Fast Facts • 25.8: NDA’s Class of 2019 ACT Composite Score • 100%: Class of 2019 graduation rate • 98%: Class of 2019 graduates attending post-secondary education • 35: State championships since 1990 • 24,406: Proud alumni • $13.4 million: Scholarships offered to the Class of 2019 OVERVIEW Established in 1990 with the consolidation of three Catholic high schools, two of whom were founded more than 120 years ago, Notre Dame de la Baie Academy enjoys strong enrollment, deep and extensive alumni ties in the Green Bay community, high academic standards, and a welcoming, faith- based program that fosters the spiritual, emotional, and intellectual growth of each child. Infused with the charisms of the Norbertines and the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, the school instills values of faith, respect, responsibility, service, and trustworthiness. An independent Catholic institution, Notre Dame Academy (NDA) enjoys the support of the Diocese of Green Bay and a close relationship with St. Norbert College, including the presence of three Norbertines on campus as teachers and spiritual advisors. The school is proud of its increasing economic and ethnic diversity and is committed to the Norbertine charism of openness to all. The school operates in the President/Principal Model and seeks a dynamic and visionary new President to collaborate with the Board of Trustees and Principal Patrick Browne to ensure the continued strength and vitality of the school.
  • Mill Location Map Is Complete and Up-To-Date

    Mill Location Map Is Complete and Up-To-Date

    www.forestnet.com — 604.990.9970 Every effort has been made to ensure that the information on this mill location map is complete and up-to-date. Possible errors and omissions are inevitable and we ask that these be brought to Logging & Sawmilling Journals attention. Please Fort Nelson contact [email protected] with updated information. Map Source file National Atlas of Canada. Fort Smith “Source: © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. High Level Prince Rupert G LSJ PUBLISHING Terrace Fort St. John Smithers Peace River Goose Bay Fort McMurray Grande Prairie Prince George Gander St. John’s Quesnel Slave Lake Port Hardy Hinton Thompson Williams Lake La Ronge Edmonton Flin Flon Campbell River Loydminster The Pas Kamloops Prince Albert Revelstoke Nanaimo Vancouver Kelowna Calgary Saskatoon ® ® NEED A LIFT? Charlottetown Cranbrook Dolbeau-Mistanssini Lethbridge Medicine Hat Dauphin Regina Moncton British Columbia Board Mills Truro Atco Wood Products Ltd. • Fruitvale • 250-367-9441 Kapuskasing BC Veneer Products Ltd. • Surrey • 604-572-8968 Halifax CIPA Lumber Co. Ltd. • Delta • 604-523-2250 Brandon Kenora Quebec St. John Coastland Wood Industries Ltd. • Nanaimo • 250-754-1962 Canwest Trading Ltd. (Suncoast Lumber & Milling) • Sechelt • 604-885-7313 Dryden Val d´Or Winnipeg Eldcan Forest Products Ltd. • Kamloops • 250-573-1900 Capital Woodwork • Langley • 604-607-5697 Timmins Gorman Bros. Lumber Ltd. • Canoe • 250-833-1260 Carrier Lumber Ltd. • Prince George • 250-563-9271 Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. • Dawson Creek • 250-782-1616 Chimney Creek Lumber Co. Ltd. • Williams Lake • 250-392-7267 Trois-Riviéres Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. • Golden • 250-344-8846 Conifex (Fort St.
  • Educational Options for Children Who Reside in the School District and Special Needs Scholarship Program

    Educational Options for Children Who Reside in the School District and Special Needs Scholarship Program

    THE GREEN BAY AREA PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT NOTICE OF EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS FOR CHILDREN WHO RESIDE IN THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AND SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM The Green Bay Area Public School District educates all students to be college, career and community ready, inspired to succeed in our diverse world. The District offers students a variety of educational options throughout their 4K-12 educational experience. The District’s primary educational pathway and instructional program for students involves a progression from 4-year-old kindergarten through 12th grade, leading to a high school diploma. The District’s schools are listed below with their corresponding DPI-issued report card overall accountability score, unless no score was issued. The state provides a star rating to each of the District’s schools: 5 stars – significantly exceeds expectations, 4 stars – exceeds expectations, 3 stars – meets expectations, 2 stars – meets few expectations, 1 star – fails to meet expectations. Elementary Schools Middle Schools High Schools (grades 4K* - 5): (grades 6 - 8): (grades 9-12): • • • Aldo Leopold ★★★★ Aldo Leopold ★★★★ East ★★★ • • • Baird ★★★★★ Edison ★★ Preble ★★ • • • Beaumont ★★★★ Franklin ★★ Southwest ★★ • • Leonardo da Vinci School for • Chappell ★★★★ West ★★★ • Gifted Learners Danz ★★★★ ★★★★★ • • Lombardi Doty ★★★★★ ★★★★ • • Red Smith Eisenhower ★★ ★★★ • • Washington Elmore ★★★ ★★ • Fort Howard ★★★★ • Friedrich Froebel Garden of Early Learning Center (N/A) • Howe ★★ • Jackson ★★★★ • Jefferson ★★ • Keller ★★★★ • Kennedy ★★★★ • King