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The Lignite Field of Northwestern South Dakota

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The Lignite Field of Northwestern South Dakota DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 627 ^X'Vj THE LIGNITE FIELD OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA BY DEAN E. WINCHESTER, C. J. HARES, E. RUSSELL LLOYD, AND E. M. PARKS WASHINGTON GOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction............................................................... 7 Location and extent.................................................... 7 Object of the survey................................................... 7 Personnel and acknowledgments........................................ 7 Previous work......................................................... 8 Land survey........................................................... 9 Field worjc............................................................. 9 Geography.......................................:.......................... 10 Surface features........................................................ 10 Drainage and water supply.............................................. 11 Climate and vegetation................................................ 13 Settlement............................................................. 14 Geology.................................................................. 14 General outline....................................................... 14 Cretaceous system...................................................... 17 Pierre shale........................................................ 17 Fox Hills sandstone................................................ 17 Tertiary (?) system .................................................... 18 Lance formation.................................................... 18 General character...'.......................................... 18 Lower part of the Lance formation.............................. 19 Ludlow lignitic member....................................... 19 Cannonball marine member.................................... 22 Fossils............................"............................ 23 Tertiary system........................................:.............. 26 Fort Union formation (Eocene)...................................... 26 Later Tertiary formations.................."........................ 31 WhiteEiver formation (Oligocene).............................. 32 Arikaree (?) sandstone (Miocene?)............................... 34 Quaternary system..................................................... 35 Structure.............................................................. 36 Lignite.................................................................... 38 Location and extent................................c................... 38 Physical character..................................................... 39 Chemical composition................................................. 40 Available lignite..................................................... 46 Detailed descriptions by townships...................................... 46 T. 16 N., R. IE.................................................... 46 T. 17 N., R. IE................................................... 47 T. 18 N.,B.I E .................................................. 47 T. 19 N., R.I E................................................... 47 T. 20N., R. IE................................................... 48 T. 21N..R. IE................................................... 49 T. 22 N., R.I E................................................... 49 T. 23 N., R.I E................................................... 50 T. 16 N.,R. 2 E................................................... 50 3 4 CONTENTS. Lignite Continued. Detailed description by townships Continued Page. T. 17 N.,B. 2 E.................................................... 50 T. 18 N., R. 2 E................................................... 51 T. 19 N.,R. 2 E................................................... 51 T. 20 N.,R. 2 E................................................... 51 T.21N.,R. 2 E................................................... 52 T. 22 N.,R. 2 E................................................... 53 T. 23 N.,R. 2 E...............................'.................... 54 T. 16 N., R. 3 E................................................... 54 T. 17 N.,R. 3 E................................................... 54 T. 18 N.,R. 3 E................................................... 55 T. 19N.,R.3E................................................... 55 T. 20N.,R. 3 E................................................... 56 T. 21N.,R, 3 E................................................... 56 T. 22N.,R. 3E................................................... 57 T. 23 N.,R. 3 E................................................... 58 T. 16 N.,R. 4 E................................................... 59 T. 17 N., R. 4 E................................................... 59 Tps. 18 and 19 N., R. 4 E.......................................... 59 T. 20 N., R. 4E................................................... 60 T. 21 N.,R. 4 E................................................... 61 T. 22 N.,R. 4 E................................................... 63 T. 23 N.,R. 4 E................................................... 65 Tps. 16, 17, 18, and 19 N., R. 5 E.................................. 66 T. 20 N., R. 5 E................................................... 66 T. 21 N.,R. 5 E................................................... 68 T. 22 N.,R. 5 E................................................... 71 T. 23 N.,R. 5 E................................................... 74 Tps. 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 N., R. 6 E................................ 75 T. 21 N., R..6E...........'........................................ 76 T. 22 N.,R:6 E................................................... 79 T. 23*N., R. 6 E................................................... 81 T. 16 N., R. 7E......t............................................ 82 T. 17 N.,R. 7 E................................................... 83 T. 18 N.,R. 7 E................................................... 85 T. 19 N., R. 7 E................................................... 87 T. 20 N., R. 7 E................................................... 90 T. 21 N., R. 7 E.......:........................................... 93 T. 22 N., R. 7 E».................................................. 95 T. 23 N., R. 7E................................................... 96 T. 15 N.,R. 8 E................................................... 97 T. 16 N.,R. 8 E................................................... 98 T. 17 N., R. 8 E................................................... 98 T. 18N.,R. 8 E................................................... 101 T. 19 N.,R. 8 E................................................... 103 T. 20 N.,R. 8 E................................................... 105 T. 21 N., R. 8 E................................................... 107 T. 22 N:,R. 8 E................................................... 109 T. 23 N., R. 8 E.................................................... 110 T. 15 N., R. 9 E................................................... 112 T. 16 N., R. 9 E.................................................... 112 T. 17 N., R. 9E................................................... 113 T. 18N., R. 9E.........................---- .......^........... 114 CONTENTS. 5 Lignite Continued. Detailed description by townships Continued. Page. T. 19 N., R. 9 E................................................... 115 T. 20 N., R. 9 E................................................... 117 T. 21 N., R. 9 E................................................... 119 T. 22 N.,R. 9 E................................................... 121 T. 23 N., R. 9 E................................................... 123 T. 16 N., R. 10 E.................................................. 124 T. 17'8.,'R.IO'E.................................................. 125 T. 18 N.,R. 10 E............................... v ................. 126 T. 19 N., R. 10 E.................................................. 127 T. 20 N., R. 10 E.................................................. 129 T. 21 N., R. 10 E.................................................. 130 T. 22 N., R. 10 E.................................................. 132 T. 23 N.,R. 10 E.................................................. 132 T. 16 N.,R. 11 E.................................................. 133 T. 17 N.,R. 11 E.................................................. 133 T. 18 N.,R.11E.................................................. 135 T. 19N..R. HE.................................................. 135 T. 20 N., R. HE.................................................. 136 T. 21 N.,R. 11 E.................................................. 137 T. 22N., R. HE.................................................. 138 T. 23N., R. HE.................................................. 139 T. 16 N., R. 12 E...........................................\...... 140 T. 17 N., R. 12 E.................................................. 140 T. 18 N., R. 12 E.................................................. 141 T. 19 N., R. 12 E.................................................. 141 T. 20 N., R. 12 E.................................................. 142 T. 21 N., R. 12 E.................................................. 142 T. 22 N., R. 12 E.................................................
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