Apprenticeship and Industry Training
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC
metals Article Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC 42100-T6 Aluminum Alloy Welding of Structural Applications: Metal Inert Gas (MIG), Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), and Fiber Laser-MIG Hybrid Comparison Giovanna Cornacchia * and Silvia Cecchel DIMI, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-030-371-5827; Fax: +39-030-370-2448 Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 26 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: The present research investigates the effects of different welding techniques, namely traditional metal inert gas (MIG), cold metal transfer (CMT), and fiber laser-MIG hybrid, on the microstructural and mechanical properties of joints between extruded EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and cast EN AC 42100-T6 aluminum alloys. These types of weld are very interesting for junctions of Al-alloys parts in the transportation field to promote the lightweight of a large scale chassis. The weld joints were characterized through various metallurgical methods including optical microscopy and hardness measurements to assess their microstructure and to individuate the nature of the intermetallics, their morphology, and distribution. The results allowed for the evaluation of the discrepancies between the welding technologies (MIG, CMT, fiber laser) on different aluminum alloys that represent an exhaustive range of possible joints of a frame. For this reason, both simple bar samples and real junctions of a prototype frame of a sports car were studied and, compared where possible. The study demonstrated the higher quality of innovative CMT and fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding than traditional MIG and the comparison between casting and extrusion techniques provide some inputs for future developments in the automotive field. -
Weldability of High Strength Aluminium Alloys
Muyiwa Olabode WELDABILITY OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in lecture hall 1382 at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland on the 1st of December, 2015, at noon. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 666 Supervisors Professor Jukka Martikainen Laboratory of Welding Technology LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland Associate Professor Paul Kah Laboratory of Welding Technology LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland Reviewers Professor Leif Karlsson Department of Engineering Science University West Sweden Professor Thomas Boellinghaus Department of Component Safety Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing Germany Opponent Professor Leif Karlsson Department of Engineering Science University West Sweden ISBN 978-952-265-865-4 ISBN 978-952-265-866-1 (PDF) ISSN-L 1456-4491 ISSN 1456-4491 Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Yliopistopaino 2015 Abstract Muyiwa Olabode Weldability of high strength aluminium alloys Lappeenranta 2015 59 pages Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 666 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-265-865-4, ISBN 978-952-265-866-1 (PDF), ISSN-L 1456-4491, ISSN 1456-4491 The need for reduced intrinsic weight of structures and vehicles in the transportation industry has made aluminium research of interest. Aluminium has properties that are favourable for structural engineering, including good strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and machinability. It can be easily recycled saving energy used in smelting as compared to steel. Its alloys can have ultimate tensile strength of up to 750 MPa, which is comparable to steel. -
Sheet Metal Operations - Bending and Related Processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending and related processes: 1.1 Sheet metal bending Bending of sheets and plates is widely used in forming parts such as corrugations, flanges, etc. Bending is a forming operation in which a sheet metal is subjected to bending stress thereby a flat straight sheet is made into a curved sheet. The sheet gets plastically deformed without change in thickness. Die and punch are used for bending. If a v shaped die and punch are used, the bending is called v-bending. If the sheet is bent on the edge using a wiping die it is called edge bending. In this process, one end of the sheet is held like a cantilever using a pressure pad and the other end is deformed by a punch which moves vertically down, bending the sheet. Usually, edge bending is done in order to obtain an angle of 90o. During bending of a strip, the material outward of the neutral axis is subjected to tensile stress. Material inside is subjected to compressive stress. Bend radius R is the radius of curvature of the bent sheet inside the bending. The neutral axis remains at the center of the thickness of the sheet for elastic bending. For plastic bending, however, the neutral axis shifts towards the inside of the bend. The rate of elongation of outer fibers is greater than the rate of contraction of inner fibers. Therefore, there is a thickness reduction at the bend section. -
Part 2, Materials and Welding
RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING 2002 PART 2 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2001 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Rule Change Notice (2002) The effective date of each technical change since 1993 is shown in parenthesis at the end of the subsection/paragraph titles within the text of each Part. Unless a particular date and month are shown, the years in parentheses refer to the following effective dates: (2000) and after 1 January 2000 (and subsequent years) (1996) 9 May 1996 (1999) 12 May 1999 (1995) 15 May 1995 (1998) 13 May 1998 (1994) 9 May 1994 (1997) 19 May 1997 (1993) 11 May 1993 Listing by Effective Dates of Changes from the 2001 Rules EFFECTIVE DATE 1 January 2001 (based on the contract date for construction) Part/Para. No. Title/Subject Status/Remarks 2-1-1/15.1 Permissible Variations in To clarify that mill scale is to be considered when the Dimensions – Scope plate is produced for compliance with the specified under tolerance Section 2-4-4 Piping To align ABS requirements with IACS UR P2 regarding fabrication of piping and non-destructive examinations, and to outline the requirements for the heat treatment of piping. This Section is applicable only to piping for installation on vessels to be built in accordance with the Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels. ii ABS RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING . 2002 PART 2 Foreword For the 1996 edition, the “Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels – Part 2: Materials and Welding” was re-titled “Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding – Part 2.” The purpose of this generic title was to emphasize the common applicability of the material and welding requirements in “Part 2” to ABS-classed vessels, other marine structures and their associated machinery, and thereby make “Part 2” more readily a common “Part” of the various ABS Rules and Guides, as appropriate. -
COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2
1 COMPREHENSIVE TUBE BENDING DESIGN GUIDE: Everything You Need to Engineer a Perfect Bent Tubular Component Tube Design Guide | 2 www.mchoneind.com CONTENTS 3 Intro 4 Keeping Your Design Within Budget 5 Common Terms 6 Useful Equations 7 Designing for Tube Bending Design Must-Haves Design Tips Materials Sizing Fabrications Tube Shapes Bend Shapes Bend Quantities Tolerances Bend Radii 17 Types of Bending 19 Potential Design Issues Springback Compensation Weld Seam Tube Elongation Tube Design Guide | 3 www.mchoneind.com Tube design can be messy, especially when you add bending to the mix. This guide provides essentials and tips for designing an optimal, affordable tubular metal product. For your convenience, we’ve also included basics on: ● How to keep your design within budget ● Common terms ● Useful equations If you get to the end and we haven’t answered your questions, we can address them personally by email or phone. McHone Industries has been in the tube production and fabrication business for over 4o years. We’re happy to provide expert assistance for any tubing project. Thank you for downloading this guide. If you find it helpful, please share it with your peers! Tube Design Guide | 4 www.mchoneind.com How to Keep Your Design Within Budget Costs increase when you add bend quantities, specify complex bends, specify different radii within a single design, or design a part that requires other extra care during fabrication. While some projects have unique requirements, many designs can be optimized for affordable manufacturing. Your specified manufacturer should provide value engineering services* to make this happen. -
Paumac Engineering Handbook
Tube Forming Handbook Use this handbook to design your exhaust tubing and we’ll build it to your exact specifications. • Specify tubing configuration • Select size, type and grade of tubing • Select plating or coating, if required • Minimize the cost of your tubing components Constant attention to detail and accuracy is an integral part of our manufacturing process. From the moment we receive raw material until your order leaves our door, we engage in step-by-step quality checks that insure critical tolerances have been met. Our quality control is enhanced through the use of computerized plotting, memory storage, printout conformation, and data processing. Inspections are automated for tighter control in critical areas including: bend angles, accurate straight surface positions, elongation, spring back, stresses factors and repetition. Page 1 PAUMAC TUBING, LLC is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Tubing Stock List 4 3. Tube Technical Data 5 Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 5 3.1.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 5 3.1.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 6 3.1.3. Wall Tolerances for Round Tubing 7 3.2 Diameter Tolerance for Round Tubing 8 3.2.1. HREW (Hot Rolled Electric Weld) 8 3.2.2. CREW (Cold Rolled Electric Weld) 9 3.3 Dimension Tolerances 10 4. Tube Forming Techniques and Engineering Suggestions 11 4.1 Electric Data Interchanges and Bar Coding for Shipping and Part Identification 11 4.2 Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing 11 4.2.1. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 11 4.3 Tube Bending Basics 13 4.3.1. -
2003 Volume 19 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027
2003 Volume 19 Order Online at www.IrvanSmith.com! 704 -788-2554 800-221-7223 1027 Central Drive Concord, NC 28027 1-800-221-RACE email: [email protected] RIVETS DOME HEAD RIVETS MULTI-GRIP / COUNTERSUNK RIVETS Aluminum Rivet with Aluminum Mandrel Aluminum Rivets with Steel Mandrel (All Quantities Approx.) All rivets also available in full boxed quantities. Part No. Dome Head/ Quantity Price Multi-Grip 3/16 Large Flange ABS 41-43 1/8x1/32 to 3/16 250 $10.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABA64L 3/16 x 1/4 250 $15.00 1000 $35.00 500 $29.00 ABS 43-45 1/8x5/32 to 5/16 250 $12.50 1000 $55.00 500 $22.50 ABA66L 3/16 x 3/8 250 $15.00 1000 $40.00 500 $29.00 1000 $55.00 Part No. Countersunk/ Quantity Price ABA68L 3/16 x 1/2 250 $17.00 Multi-Grip 500 $32.50 ABS 41-44C 1/8x1/32 to 1/4 250 $12.50 1000 $60.00 500 $22.50 3/16 Small Flange 1000 $40.00 Part No. Size Quantity Price ABA64 3/16 x 1/4 250 $10.00 Part No. Countersunk Quantity Price 500 $20.00 ABS 45C 1/8 x 5/16 250 $14.00 1000 $35.00 500 $27.50 ABA66 3/16 x 3/8 250 $10.00 1000 $50.00 500 $20.00 ABS 48C 1/8 x1/2 250 $12.50 1000 $35.00 500 $22.50 ABA68 3/16 x 1/2 250 $12.00 1000 $45.00 500 $23.00 1000 $45.00 1/8 Large Flange Part No. -
Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels
Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels 90 to 100° C preheat eliminates cracking at moderate levels of applied stress when Grade 483 line pipe is misaligned during welding BY T. H. NORTH, A. B. ROTHWELL, A. G. GLOVER AND R. J. PICK ABSTRACT. Full-scale weldability tests why such a situation still exists, and cracking arises (and may be prevented) in showed that Grade 483 line pipe material whether, despite the vastly increased the real world. Weldability tests that are was resistant to cracking up to very high fund of knowledge related to hydrogen- able to simulate, in full-scale, the exact levels of general stress, in the absence of assisted cold cracking, we are still sequence of welding and manipulation misalignment. When pipe misalignment approaching practical problems in the which a pipe may experience in the field was introduced a preheat of 90 to 100°C wrong way. are the only ones in which this relation (194 to 212°F) was necessary to eliminate One of the difficulties which arises in ship is direct. Such tests are expensive cracking at moderate levels of applied addressing the specification of suitably and cumbersome, however, and only stress. crack-resistant materials is the plethora of one pipeline company is known to use Full-scale weldability and laboratory formulae which are proposed for the them on a production basis (Ref. 3, 4). weldability test results correlated well assessment of a material's cracking ten Lastly, it is important to realize that the when using slot testing and WIC restraint dency. While many authorities agree that one "full-scale" test which is habitually cracking tests. -
Welding of Aluminum Alloys
4 Welding of Aluminum Alloys R.R. Ambriz and V. Mayagoitia Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIITEC-IPN, Cerrada de Cecati S/N Col. Sta. Catarina C.P. 02250, Azcapotzalco, DF, México 1. Introduction Welding processes are essential for the manufacture of a wide variety of products, such as: frames, pressure vessels, automotive components and any product which have to be produced by welding. However, welding operations are generally expensive, require a considerable investment of time and they have to establish the appropriate welding conditions, in order to obtain an appropriate performance of the welded joint. There are a lot of welding processes, which are employed as a function of the material, the geometric characteristics of the materials, the grade of sanity desired and the application type (manual, semi-automatic or automatic). The following describes some of the most widely used welding process for aluminum alloys. 1.1 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) This is a welding process that melts and joins metals by means of heat. The heat is produced by an electric arc generated by the electrode and the materials. The stability of the arc is obtained by means of a distance between the electrode and the material, named stick welding. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the process. The electrode-holder is connected to one terminal of the power source by a welding cable. A second cable is connected to the other terminal, as is presented in Figure 1a. Depending on the connection, is possible to obtain a direct polarity (Direct Current Electrode Negative, DCEN) or reverse polarity (Direct Current Electrode Positive, DCEP). -
Bending & Metalworking Machinery
Call TODAY for a quote! MACHINERY BENDING & METALWORKING AND PROFILE TUBE,PIPE ERCOLINA Leasing Options Available 563-391-7700 PROFESSIONAL SERIES ® CML USA Inc. Ercolina TUBE, PIPE AND PROFILE “ Excellence in Quality, Support and Service ” BENDING & 3100 Research Parkway • Davenport, IA 52806 Ph. 563-391-7700 • [email protected] METALWORKING © 02/20 ercolina-usa.com MACHINERY Taking Care of Bending Manufacturer of Tube, Pipe and Profile Bending and Metalworking Machinery elcome to CML USA, Inc., North American supplier of Ercolina® tube, pipe and profile bending W machinery. vadimone/Bigstock.com We are pleased to offer our customers the highest quality Application Review tube and pipe benders and related metal fabrication equip- Demonstration / Training Facility ment available today. Ercolina’s affordable tubing benders and fabricating machinery are designed to reliably and accurately produce your applications – increasing profit, improving product quality and finish. Our product line is always expanding to include more manual, automatic and CNC pipe and tube bending machines, mandrel benders, NC swaging equipment and metalforming machinery. Ercolina’s experienced sales, service and support staff is always ready to offer positive application solutions for today’s fabricator. Company Profile: CML USA, Inc. consistently leads the industry providing Service After the Sale quality metal fabricating equipment to commercial and professional metal fabricators in the United States, Canada, Mexico and South America. Our product line includes rotary draw tube and pipe bending machine equipment, NC and CNC mandrel benders, angle rolls, section benders We invite you to tour our website or call our trained and and tube and pipe notchers, ornamental metalworking knowledgeable product support representatives today at machinery and much more. -
Edcon Steel Garrick Herbert Catalogue
ARRICK G ERBERT H pty. ltd. Manufacturers and Industrial Agents www.garrickherbert.com.au Product Catalogue 2019 BRAMLEY By GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK PIPE & TUBE LIFTING EQUIPMENT OILS GARRICK GARRICK GARRICK MACHINE TOOLS SPILL MANAGEMENT MADE IN SPAIN The Company Garrick Herbert Pty Ltd was established in March 1981 as the newest member of the Herbert Engineering Group. Its parent company, R.R. Bramley & Co. Ltd was founded in Auckland, New Zealand in 1921 by Richard Bramley as an Engineering workshop. Philip Herbert purchased the company in 1954 and commenced production of the ‘BRAMLEY’ range of small engineering machine tools. Exports of these products to Australia grew to the stage that GARRICK his youngest son, Myles Herbert, moved to Sydney SPILL MANAGEMENT to establish Garrick Herbert P/L as a local base for distribution of the range throughout Australia. To complement the Bramley range, international brands for allied quality products were introduced. GARRICK Early additions were the Asada Threading Machines LIFTING EQUIPMENT and Irega Adjustable Wrenches - both now market leaders in Australia. In 1987 manufacturing at the Sydney operation began with the introduction of ‘Bramley - Aust Made’ sheetmetal Curving Rolls. Following the success of GARRICK GARRICK that product range LINISHALL, the brand leader in MACHINE TOOLS Belt Grinding, was purchased in 1991 and integrated into the Sydney facility. The company now represents a diverse collection of reputable manufacturers from Australia, New GARRICK Zealand, Japan, USA, Spain, Thailand, China and PIPE & TUBE other countries and distributes their products through Industrial Supply and Machinery Merchants throughout Australia. Only the highest quality products suitable for industrial trade users are selected. -
Boilermaker Level 3
Boilermaker Level 3 Rev. Dec/16 Boilermaker Unit: A6 Orientation II: Journeywork Level: Three Duration: 7 hours Theory: 7 hours Practical: 0 hours Overview: Boilermaker technical training offers an entry-level orientation to the challenges of apprenticeship learning. The present unit introduces senior apprentices to the responsibilities of workplace teaching that they will assume as supervising journeypersons. Tradeworkers have a particularly rich tradition of refreshing and sharing their skills from one generation of practitioners to the next. This unit orients senior apprentices to some of the practical and conceptual tools that can enable them to contribute to this trade heritage when they themselves become certified journeypersons. The journeyperson’s obligation to assist trade learners to develop skills and knowledge is complex and challenging. It involves safety considerations, employer expectations, provincial regulations, as well as the tradition of skills stewardship that links modern practice with the long history of workplace teaching and learning that defines the apprenticeable trades. The ability to offer timely, appropriate support to apprentices is itself an important area of trade learning. This unit presents material intended to help refine this ability through reflection and discussion by senior apprentices, and dialogue with their instructor. The detailed descriptors under each unit objective reflect Manitoba and Canadian standards prescribed for journey-level supervisory capabilities, as well as key topics in current research on the importance of workplace teaching and learning in trades- apprenticeship systems. Thus, descriptors represent suggested focal points or guidelines for potentially worthwhile exploration. Delivery of this content will vary with the discretion of individual instructors, and with the experiences senior apprentices bring forward for group/individual reflection on the skills-stewardship dimension of their own future practice as journeypersons.