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General Zia - His Winged Death and the Aftermath
General Zia - His Winged Death and the Aftermath By Sayid Ghulam Mustafa Shah Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar GENERAL ZIA HIS WINGED DEATH AND THE AFTERMATH By SAYID GHULAM MUSTAFA SHAH Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar DEDICATION TO MY GRAND CHILDREN MASOOD MOHSINA MAHMOOD WHO HAVE MADE MY OLD AGE LIVABLE & LOVABLE CONTENTS 1) Preface. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2) General Zia and his winged death. .. .. .. .. .. 14 3) The Aftermath. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87 4) About the Author .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 93 PREFACE In Pakistan's chequered, pathetic and desultory history there is so much to write about, but to write on General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq is an attempt to depict a military adventurer, an evil spirit, a diabolical mind, a fugacious charter, a callous ruler, a devil's disciple and a veritable snake. I had the opportunity and privilege to have intimately known every man in authority, of intellect and erudition, every president, every governor-general, every Prime Minister and every provincial governor or Chief Minister in Pakistan throughout its history from Quaid-e-Azam to Ghulam Ishaq, from Liaquat Ali Khan to Benazir, and every teacher and scholar and thinker or statesman or politician of consequence. When Pakistan fell in the clutches of mean men, profligates and pederasts, with the hanging of Bhutto, idiocy in the politics of Pakistan reigned supreme. Falsehood became the qualification and criterion for preferment, public life and governance. In this atmosphere of inordinate falsehood, the thinking and the good stood stupefied by manners of men and, the bewilderment of events. If there were no fools, cowards and crooks in Pakistan there would be no dictators. -
Irregular Labour Migration in Turkey and Situation of Migrant Workers in the Labour Market
IRREGULAR LABOUR MIGRATION IN TURKEY AND SITUATION OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE LABOUR MARKET Gülay TOKSÖZ Seyhan ERDOĞDU Selmin KAŞKA October 2012 IOM International Organization for Migration This research is conducted under the “Supporting Turkey’s Efforts to Formulate and Implement an Overall Policy Framework to Manage Migration” project funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and implemented by International organization for Migration (IOM) Mission to Turkey in coordination with the Asylum and Migration Bureau of the Ministry of Interior. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Preface A number of people have made valuable contributions to this survey, finalized in the short period of six months. We would like to extend our sincere thanks, especially to Dr. Nazlı Şenses, Emel Coşkun and Bilge Cengiz, whose contribution went far beyond research assistance. We would also like to thank everyone who assisted in data collection, analysis, and interview phases of the study. We initiated our field research in İstanbul with Engin Çelik’s connections. Although we worked with him shortly, his contribution was invaluable in this regard. Mehmet Akif Kara conducted some of the interviews in İstanbul, while providing us with numerous useful connections at the same time. A teacher at Katip Kasım Primary School, Hüdai Morsümbül, whom we met by coincidence during İstanbul field research, helped us get through to migrants in Kumkapı and other locations as well as allowing us to observe migrants’ local life around Kumkapı region. -
Seattle's Ahıska Turks and the Limitations of Transnationalism For
Being without Belonging: Seattle’s Ahıska Turks and the Limitations of Transnationalism for Stateless Diaspora Groups Ande Reisman A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Washington 2012 Committee: Daniel Chirot Kathie Friedman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Sociology i University of Washington Abstract Being without Belonging: Seattle’s Ahıska Turks and the Limitations of Transnationalism for Stateless Diaspora Groups Ande Reisman Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Daniel Chirot Department of Sociology Jackson School of International Studies Within transnational and diaspora populations, there are subsets of groups that are stateless and have been displaced multiple times and have complex origins and migration histories. Existing frameworks of transnationalism and diaspora literatures assume national attachment and do not anticipate or properly theorize the complexity of stateless diasporas. The Ahıska Turks typify these limitations and can serve as a case study of the exclusion of groups with complex origins. The US-based Ahıska Turks are a segment of a diaspora and are refugees that have been through three displacements or forced migrations. The Ahıska Turks live in simultaneity, existing in the fluid and context-based social world between incorporation into the US and enduring transnational attachments outside of it. I use qualitative research methods to map the networks and relationships that comprise the social field of the Ahıska Turks in Seattle. The Ahıska Turks negotiate the identity and boundaries of their group in different social contexts by emphasizing language, culture, group history, and Ottoman roots. While the group has found ways of “being” transnational in their social field; they have a harder time “belonging”, in part because the path to belonging is neither straightforward, nor uniform in the absence of a nation-state and recognized nationality. -
Ahiska/Meskhetian Turks in Tucson: an Examination of Ethnic Identity
1 AHISKA/MESKHETIAN TURKS IN TUCSON: AN EXAMINATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY by Ufuk Coşkun ____________________ Copyright ©2009 Ufuk Coskun A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS WITH A MAJOR IN ANTHROPOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor and thesis committee—Brian Silverstein, Terry Woronov and Norma Mendoza-Denton—for their guidance, support, patience and laughter. I would also like to thank Sarah Slye, Nedim Yel, Erina Delic and Larissa Muhlidunova for their logistic and informative help. I am grateful to my family in the US: Bekah, Megan, Randall and Donna. They helped me not only to complete my research, but also with a crisis I went through while I was trying to write this thesis. Many thanks to my family in Turkey —Türkan, Hüseyin, Leyla and Çağdaş— for their support, trust and understanding. And my love Bekah! Without your endless help even when you were sick and in pain, and your trust, encouragement, understanding, patience and love I would not be able to make it. Thanks for being you! 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………....………………………………………………………… 5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………....……………………….…………. -
The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009
Viewpoints Special Edition The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mei.edu Cover photos, clockwise from the top left hand corner: Government of Pakistan; Flickr user Kash_if; Flickr user Kash_if; Depart- ment of Defense; European Parliament; Flickr user Al Jazeera English; Flickr user groundreporter; Flickr user groundreporter. 2 The Middle East Institute Viewpoints: The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009 • www.mei.edu Viewpoints Special Edition The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009 The Middle East Institute Viewpoints: The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009 • www.mei.edu 3 Viewpoints: 1979 The year 1979 was among the most tumultuous, and important, in the history of the modern Middle East. -
A Comparative Analysis of Islamist Movements in the Neoliberalization
A Comparative Analysis of Islamist Movements in the Neoliberalization Process: Jama’at-e- Islami in Pakistan and the Fethullah Gulen Movement in Turkey – Reactions to Capitalism, Modernity and Secularism By Tugrul Keskin Submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In SOCIOLOGY Dale W. Wimberley, Chair Theodore Fuller Ellsworth Fuhrman Timothy W. Luke September 9, 2009 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Islam, Modernity, Neoliberalism, Secularism, Social Theory, Islamic Movements, Turkey, Pakistan, Fethullah Gulen, Mawdudi, and the Jama’at-e Islami. Copyright 2009, Tugrul Keskin A Comparative Analysis of Islamist Movements in the Neoliberalization Process: Jama’at-e- Islami in Pakistan and the Fethullah Gulen Movement in Turkey – Reactions to Capitalism, Modernity and Secularism Tugrul Keskin ABSTRACT In my research, I will attempt to examine the way in which Neoliberal Capitalist Globalization and economic conditions in the marketplace have shaped and continue to shape the assessment by Islamic groups of modernity, secularism and their place within it as a mutually constitutive process. I will conduct this analysis utilizing two country case studies: that of Turkey and Pakistan, each within the context of the theoretical frameworks of Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim and their study of the impact of religious ideas upon economic structures. In the last 30 years, from the start of market Neoliberalism, the political economy has shaped religious ideas in Muslim-populated regions as a result of privatization, deregulation of the market and urbanization. I found this process similar to that of the industrialization and emergence of modern capitalism in the beginning of 19th century Europe, which produced rapid urbanization. -
The Dowry of the State? the Politics of Abandoned Property and the Population Exchange in Turkey, 1921-1945
Bamberger 9 Orientstudien The Dowry of the State? The Politics of Abandoned Property and the Population Exchange in Turkey, 1921-1945 Ellinor Morack 9 Bamberger Orientstudien Bamberger Orientstudien hg. von Lale Behzadi, Patrick Franke, Geoffrey Haig, Christoph Herzog, Birgitt Hoffmann, Lorenz Korn und Susanne Talabardon Band 9 2017 The Dowry of the State? The Politics of Abandoned Property and the Population Exchange in Turkey, 1921-1945 Ellinor Morack 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Diese Arbeit hat der Fakultät Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin als Dissertation vorgelegen. 1. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ulrike Freitag 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christoph Herzog Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 01.11.2013 Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbiblio- thek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: Digital Print Group, Nürnberg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Anna Hitthaler Umschlagbild: “Turks of Manisa” von Frédéric Gadmer, Musée départemen- tal Albert-Kahn © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg, 2017 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2193-3723 ISBN: 978-3-86309-463-8 (Druckausgabe) -
Conceptions of Homeland and Identity Among Meskhetian
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Texas A&M University CONCEPTIONS OF HOMELAND AND IDENTITY AMONG MESKHETIAN TURK REFUGEES IN THE U.S. AND TURKEY A Dissertation by HULYA DOGAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Cynthia Werner Committee Members, Norbert Dannhaeuser Thomas Green Lynne Walters Head of Department, Cynthia Werner August 2016 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2016 Hulya Dogan ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the Meskhetian Turks, a small non-titular group who has experienced multiple displacements, violent persecution, and ongoing exile since 1944. Initially, the Meskhetian Turks were one of several groups who were deported from their homeland, Georgia, to Central Asia under Stalin’s rule along with the other groups such as the Chechens, Crimean Tatars, and Ingushes who were designated as traitors of the Soviet Union in 1944.After being victims of mass deportation from Georgia, the Meskhetian Turks experienced pogroms in Uzbekistan, and human rights abuses in Russia. Starting from 2004, the U.S. accepted approximately 14,000 Meskhetian Turks as refugees. By incorporating qualitative data collected through fieldwork in Turkey and the United States, this dissertation investigates where the home is for the group as asking whether Georgia still holds the meaning as homeland or the location of the “homeland” is shifting, as the population resettles in a surrogate homeland, Turkey. The processes of de-territorialization and reterritorialization are operationalized by examining “sentimental attachment to homeland” (to Turkey or to Georgia at various scales of place) and “satisfaction with place” (current places of residence in both Turkey and the United States). -
Syrians Barometer 2019 a Framework for Achieving Social Cohesion with Syrians in Turkey
SYRIANS BAROMETER 2019 A FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVING SOCIAL COHESION WITH SYRIANS IN TURKEY Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN SB 2019 SYRIANS BAROMETER 2019 A FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVING SOCIAL COHESION WITH SYRIANS IN TURKEY SB2019 Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN July -2020 M. MURAT ERDOĞAN SYRIANS BAROMETER-2019: A FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVING SOCIAL COHESION WITH SYRIANS IN TURKEY ORİON KİTABEVİ ISBN: 978-605-9524-83-4 © Orion Kitabevi, July 2020 Cover & Book Design: Ayla SEZGÜN Back Cover Design: Yavuz UZUNAL Translation from Turkish to English: Dr. Onur UNUTULMAZ Cover Photo: Emrah GÜREL Print: Atalay Konfeksiyon Matbacılık ve Reklam İnş Tur.Otomotiv San.ve Tic.Ltd.Şti/Sertifika No:47911 Zübeyda Hanım Mah.Süzgün Cad.No:7 Altındağ /Ankara, Tel: 0312.3844182 Orion Kitabevi Selanik Cad. No:72 06640 Kızılay / ANKARA Tel: 0 312 417 78 35 [email protected] www.orionkitabevi.com.tr [email protected] Syrian Barometer-2019 book and executive summaries in Turkish, English and Arabic available online: www.tagu.tau.edu.tr / www.unhcr.org/tr / www.mmuraterdogan.com This study was commissioned by UNHCR. The study reflects the personal views of the author, which may not necessarily be shared by UNHCR, and UNHCR may not be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. To Rüya… Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................................................. V List of Tables .....................................................................................................................................................................................