International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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UNITED NATIONS CCPR International covenant Distr. on civil and GENERAL political rights CCPR/C/SVK/2003/2 6 August 2002 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE Seventy-seventh session CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT Second periodic report of States parties due on 31 December 2001 SLOVAKIA* [30 July 2002] * This report is issued unedited, in compliance with the wish expressed by the Human Rights Committee at its sixty-sixth session, in July 1999. GE.02-43945 (E) 181002 CCPR/C/SVK/2003/2 page 2 The Second Periodic Report of the Slovak Republic to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1. The Slovak Republic being a State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter the “Covenant”) presents this Second Periodic Report to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter the “Report” pursuant to article 40, paragraph 1, subparagraph b) of the Covenant and according to the Recommendations of the Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee CCPR/C/60/SLO/3 (hereinafter “Concluding Observations”) adopted after consideration of the Initial Report of the Slovak Republic to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR/C/81/Add.9, hereinafter the “Initial report”) covering the period from August 1997 till the end of November 2001. The presented report was elaborated in compliance with Guidelines for State Reports under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights CCPR/C/66/GUI/Rev.2, and it is composed of two parts - in the first part the Slovak Republic presents general information on the latest developments in the area governed by the Covenant and responds to some recommendations made by the Human Rights Committee (hereinafter the “Committee”) resulting from the Concluding Observations; the second part is structured as to follow the articles of the Covenant and presents information on the degree of their implementation into the national legal order and on all relevant legislative changes the Slovak Republic adopted since the consideration of the Initial Report in 1997 and also on measures and concrete steps by the Government and State authorities taken in order to promote the respect for human rights in the Slovak Republic (hereinafter either “Slovakia”). 2. The Report was elaborated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Slovak Republic in close cooperation with the Office of the Government of Slovak Republic, other ministries, central bodies of State administration, the Prosecution General of the Slovak Republic and other institutions. Many questions were consulted with human rights NGOs; the draft texts of the Report were given to the Slovak National Centre for Human Rights that commented on the text. Draft texts of the Report were published on the web site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovak Republic and they were available to Slovak NGOs. I. GENERAL Recommendations Nos. 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 26 3. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted in New York on 19 December 1966 was signed by the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on 7 October 1968 and after its ratification on 23 December 1975 it was subsequently promulgated in the Collection of Laws under No. 120/1976. The dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic on the basis of Constitutional Statute No. 542/1992 Coll. as of 31 December 1992 and the subsequent establishment of the Slovak Republic resulted in the so-called “general succession” of the Slovak Republic to adopted international treaties on 1 January 1993. The basis for this is article 153 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic No. 460/1992 Coll. as amended1 (hereinafter the “Constitution”) within the meaning of which the National Council of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter the National Council or the Parliament) made a declaration to the parliaments and nations of the world confirming the binding nature of multilateral and bilateral CCPR/C/SVK/2003/2 page 3 treaties for Slovakia from 1 January 1993. By Notification of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia No. 53/1994 Coll. the notification of Slovakia’s succession to multilateral United Nations instruments where the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was a State party, was effected from 1 January 1993. 4. The Covenant that is an international human rights treaty is, thus, not only a part of the valid legal order of Slovakia but with view to the application of article 11 of the Constitution2 - the so-called reception clause - its prevalence over the laws of the Slovak Republic is ensured when it guarantees a greater scope of constitutional rights and freedoms because Slovakia ratified and promulgated it in the manner as laid down by law. This article regulates the relationship between national and international law in such a way that some international treaties, namely international human rights treaties, prevail over the laws of the Slovak Republic. 5. The Slovak Republic avails itself of the occasion of drafting this presented report to inform the Committee that on 23 February 2001 the National Council adopted Constitutional Statute No. 90/2001 Coll. (hereinafter the “amendment to the Constitution”) amending and supplementing the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as amended. In the whole text of the presented Report this amendment to the Constitution is several times referred to and analysed when identifying the degree of relevant Covenant articles implementation. In this context and also with respect to the Recommendation under Point No. 13 of the Concluding Observations it is necessary to state that by adopting the Amendment to the Constitution continuity of application of so far adopted international human rights and fundamental freedoms treaties has been ensured within the meaning of amended article 154c, paragraph 1 of the Constitution, (entered into force on 1 July 2001). Under this article international treaties on human rights and fundamental freedoms which the Slovak Republic ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by law prior to 1 July 2001 shall be a part of its legal order and shall prevail over its laws if they provide a greater scope of constitutional rights and freedoms. The reason for this amendment of transitory and final provisions of the Constitution was the change of the then existing legal provisions concerning the legal status of international treaties in the Slovak legal order after the adoption of the quoted law. Selected categories of international treaties (article 7, paragraph 5 of the Constitution) from those international treaties that require assent by the National Council prior to ratification by the Slovak President (article 7, paragraph 4 of the Constitution) concluded after the day of effect of the Amendment to the Constitution prevail over the laws of the Slovak Republic and their status in the hierarchy of legal norms is between the Constitution or constitutional statutes and acts. This category includes international treaties that directly give rise to rights or duties of natural persons and/or legal entities and also all international human rights and fundamental freedoms treaties. Another change resulting from the Amendment to the Constitution is the possibility of the President of the Republic or the Government to lodge a petition with the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic to consider compliance of an international treaty with the Constitution or constitutional statutes under article 7, paragraph 4. The petition may be filed before the Government of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter the “Government of Slovakia” or the “Government”) submits a negotiated international treaty to the National Council for deliberation. This case is the so-called preventive verification of constitutionality, i.e. the purpose of this provision is to prevent potential differences or conflicts between the constitutional provisions and the provisions of an international treaty. They could arise from a provision in the international treaty that fails to be CCPR/C/SVK/2003/2 page 4 in compliance with a provision of the Constitution or constitutional statute. Hereto it is only necessary to state that article 11 of the Constitution was repealed by the effect of the concerned constitutional statute. The Slovak Republic responds to Recommendation No. 13 of Committee’s Concluding Observations also in the information on the implementation of article 2 of the Covenant. 6. In the period under consideration institutional mechanisms for the protection and observance of human rights were strengthened in the Slovak Republic and in this context and with respect to Point No. 6 of Committee’s Concluding Observations Slovakia submits the following pieces of information: 6.1 In 1998 the Government of Slovakia established the post of the Deputy Prime Minister for Human Rights, Minorities and Regional Development who is coordinating government’s activities in this field. At the same time he is the coordinating umbrella entity for human rights and rights of minorities and ethnic groups, churches and religious societies, NGOs, minority organizations and regional development. In the framework of this competence he is responsible for the comprehensive creative, policy-making, methodological, expert, analytical, advisory and initiative-taking activities with a State-wide coverage while taking into account foreign policy orientation of Slovakia. 6.2 In February 1999 the Government established the post of the Plenipotentiary for solving the Problems of the Roma National Minority. The Plenipotentiary of the Government was recalled in March 2001, the new plenipotentiary was appointed in July, and in September 2001 the statute and the organization of the Secretariat were changed. The new statute of the office established an Inter-Ministerial Committee for Roma Community Affairs. This advisory body is chaired by the Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Government for Roma Communities. The new statute also enlarges the scope of Plenipotentiary’s competences and it now also includes co-decision in the use of State budget funds for solving the problems of Roma communities.