The Cambridge Companion to the Dutch Golden Age Helmer J

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17226-5 — The Cambridge Companion to the Dutch Golden Age Helmer J. Helmers , Geert H. Janssen Index More Information

Index

Acquet, Hendrik d’ (1632–1706), physician, Theatre, 136, 234, 301, 303, 304, 306, 323, 360 325 Act of Abjuration (1581), 7, 109, 394 Town Hall, 5, 21, 24, 25, 57, 256, 314, Adams, John (17th c.), parliamentary agent, 320–321 394 Anabaptism, Anabaptists, 57, 225, 231, 373. Admiralty Boards, 72, 76 See also Mennonites; Protestantism Amsterdam, 77 anatomical theatre, 334, 363, 364. See also Rotterdam, 78 surgery Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, Cornelis van Anglo-Dutch Wars, 103 (1637–1688), governor of Suriname, 83 First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654), 72, Aitzema, Lieuwe van (1600–1669), historian, 83, 93 79 Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667), 176 Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674), 178 (1507–1582), governor-general of the Anthonisz van Alkmaar, Adriaan Netherlands (1576–1573), 70, 91, 92, 94, (1541–1620), mathematician and carto- 127, 130 grapher, 354 alba amicorum, 290 Antwerp, 7, 16, 27, 51, 55, 59, 73, 91, 127, 129, Albert VII, Archduke, of Austria (1559–1621), 159, 167, 237, 252, 255, 261, 290, 291, 292, 91 295, 319, 338 alchemy, 232, 356 Fall of (1585), 27, 159, 251, 291 Alkmaar, 20, 22, 23, 42, 95, 354, 356, 357 immigration from, 51, 53, 96, 129, Allard, Carel (1648–), artist, 115 291, 338 Nieuwe Hollandsche Scheepsbouw (1695), 115 architecture, 4, 11, 24, 54, 182, 229, 240, 289, Ambon (East Indies), 103, 166, 204, 205 308, 311, 312, 313, 314, 321, 394 Ambon War (1651–1655), 166 classicist, 316–321 Amboyna Massacre, 103, 172 aristocracy, 4, 87, 113, 118, 130, 131, 140, 167, Amsterdam, passim 258, 272, 335 Admiralty Board. See Admiralty Boards, Aristotelianism, 142, 294, 298, 303, 306, 312, Amsterdam 315, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 344, 352 Bank, 160 Arminianism, Arminians. See Binnengasthuis, 363 Remonstrantism book market, 132–133 Arminius, Jacobus (1560–1609), theologian, canals, 1, 23, 77 126, 143, 198, 199. See also Dam Square, 23, 134, 230 Remonstrantism expansion of, 22–23 Army, of the Dutch Republic. See States Holy Way (Heilige Weg), 238 Army Jewish community, 211–212, 227–230 art market, 25, 250–255, 257, 258, 259, 261, Stock Exchange, 160, 257 263, 272, 276

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17226-5 — The Cambridge Companion to the Dutch Golden Age Helmer J. Helmers , Geert H. Janssen Index More Information

Index 415

Asselijn, Thomas (1620–1701), poet and Blaeu, Willem Jansz (1571–1638), cartogra- playwright, 257, 306, 321, 325 pher and publisher, 302 Rise and Fall of Masaniello (Op- en Boë Sylvius, François de le (1614–72), pro- ondergang van Mas Anjello, 1668), 306 fessor of medicine, 358, 365 astronomy, 341, 354, 355, 366 Boerhaave, Herman (1668–1738), professor atheism, atheists, 201, 202, 232, 346, 386 of medicine, 367 Aubignac, François Hedelin d’ (1604–1676), Boileau, Nicolas (1636–1711), poet and critic, author and cleric, 312 313 auctions, 183, 250, 260 Bol, Ferdinand (1616–1680), artist, 257 Bontekoe, Willem Ysbrandtszoon Balen, Petrus van (1643–1690), preacher, 376, (1587–1657), Dutch East India Company 385 skipper, 304, 385, 386 Baltic, trade, 33, 39, 40, 42, 151, 159, 321 Journal (1646), 304 Banda Islands, 81, 81, 103, 173, 204, 205 Bontius, Jacob (1592–1631), physician, 183, Bank of England (1694), 394 361 Banning Cocq, Frans (1605–1655), Bontius, Reynier (1576–1623), physician, 93 Amsterdam burgomaster, 22 book market, 132, 135, 146, 250–255, 259, 263 Banten (Java), 28, 29 banned books, 135, 376 Bartjens, Willem (1569–1638), mathemati- bookshops, 27, 132, 134 cian, 338 Bor, Pieter (1559–1635), historian, 102, 121 Batavia (Jakarta), 28, 29, 62, 64, 116, 167, 169, Borch, Gerard ter (1617–1681), artist, 276, 279 170, 174, 176, 179, 180, 181, 182, 204, 205, Both, Pieter, first governor-general of Dutch 206, 361, 366 East Indies (1609–1614), 203 Batavian myth, 3, 4, 5, 26, 57, 64, 121, 299 Bouman, Elias (1635–1686), architect, 228, Baudius, Dominicus (1561–1613), poet, scho- 229 lar and historian, 343 Boursse, Esaiah (1631–1672), artist, 149 Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706), philosopher, 58, Bouwmeester, Johannes (1634–1680), physi- 346, 374, 376, 382, 387, 388 cian and philosopher, 373, 377, 386 Beeckman, Isaac (1588–1637), scientist, 358, Brabant, 7, 16, 38, 46, 51, 54, 56, 91, 153, 167, 361 211 Beemster polder,3,5,6,36 Bracciolini, Poggio (1380–1459), humanist, Beggars (Gueux), 102, 189, 190 142 Beggars’ Song Book (Geuzenliedboek), 95 Brandenburg, 321 Bekker, Balthasar (1634–98), theologian, Bray, Salomon de (1597–1664), artist, 309 126, 203, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384 Brazil, 18, 60, 61, 75, 83, 100, 117, 166, 171–183, De betoverde Weereldt (The World Bewitched) 190, 203, 204, 205, 228, 361 (1691–1693), 378 Breda, 128, 358 Berckheyde, Gerrit (1638–1698), artist, 25, Bredero, Gerhard Adriaensz (1585–1618), 230 poet and playwright, 56, 289, 295, 296, Bergh, Johannes van den (fl. 1660–1670), 299, 341 Amsterdam bookseller, 258 The Spanish Brabanter (Spaanschen Brabander, Beverland, Adriaan van (1650–1716), writer, 1617), 295–296 59, 384, 385, 386 Breeckevelt, Willem (fl. 1650–1654), Bible, 25, 141, 203, 206, 235, 242, 263, 333, The Hague printer, 140 335, 336, 337, 342, 347, 374, 378, Brés, Guy de (1522–1567), theologian, 193 379, 384 Britain. See England and education, 336–338 Broecke, Berent ten (Bernardus Paludanus) criticism, 379, 384 (1550–1633), physician, 359 Dutch translation of, 26, 27 Brouwer, Hendrick (1581–1643), governor- Bicker, Wendela (1635–1668), 113 general of Dutch East Indies Bijns, Anna (1493–1575), writer and school- (1632–1636), 180, 182 teacher, 127 Bruegel the Elder, Pieter (c. 1525/30–1569), Bils, Louis de (1624–1671), anatomist, 364 artist, 275 Blaeu, Joan Willemsz (1596–1673), cartogra- Bruges, 16, 34, 261 pher and publisher, 181, 183, 265 Brussels, 16, 51, 59, 128, 131, 291, 353

416 Index

Buchelius, Arnoldus (Buchel, Aernout van) Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 167, 169, 172, 180, 190, (1565–1641), antiquarian, 196, 221 203, 204, 205 Buddhism, Buddhists, 174, 204 Chambers of Rhetoric, 125, 126–127, 142, Burgundy, House of, 109 233, 234, 235, 240, 290, 291, 292, 301, 314, 353 Calvin, John (1509–1564), theologian, 219 Charles I (1600–1649), King of England, Calvinism, Calvinists, 7, 11, 50, 54, 57, 89, 90, Scotland and Ireland (1625–1649), 393 91, 125, 127, 141, 143, 174, 175, 189–206, Charles II (1630–1685), King of Scotland 209, 210, 215, 217, 218, 221, 226, 231, 233, (1649–1685), King of England and 234, 235, 237, 239–244, 256, 292, 293, Ireland (1660–1685), 15, 55 300, 301, 302, 305, 336, 344, 345, 346, Charles V (1500–1558), ruler of the 347, 351, 352, 353, 373, 374, 380. See also Netherlands (1506–1555), King of Spain Counter-Remonstrantism; (1516–1556), 109, 209 Protestantism; Remonstrantism Cicero, Ciceronian, 142, 315, 316 doctrine, 143, 174, 226 civic militias (schutterij), 21, 71, 101, 191, 217, orthodoxy, 92, 141, 174, 213, 228, 234, 372 256 Reformed Church, 8, 27, 54, 92, 141, 174, Claesz, Adriaen, vice-admiral, 83 210, 211, 212–213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, Claesz, Cornelis (1546–1609), Amsterdam 220, 223, 226, 232, 233, 234, 238, 333, publisher and bookseller, 252 337, 341, 342, 372, 375, 378, 379 classicism, 308–328 camera obscura, 357 architecture, 24, 312, 316–321 Campen, Jacob van (1595–1657), architect art, 312 and artist, 24, 312, 314, 318, 320 theatre, 303, 304, 306, 312, 313, 314, Camphuysen, Dirck Raphaelsz (1586–1627), 321–325 minister, 264 Clusius, Carolus (1526–1609), botanist, 359, canals, 23, 32, 33, 34, 38, 42, 176, 397. See also 362 Amsterdam, canals; drainage of land Cluyt, Dirk Outgers (16th c.), Delft pharma- Candidius, Georgius (1597–1647), theolo- cist, 363 gian, 62, 63, 64 Cocceianism, Cocceians, 201–203, 380. See Cape Colony, 60, 62, 75, 167, 168, 169, 170, also Voetianism 179, 180, 181, 204 Cocceius, Johannes (1603–1669), theologian, Cape of Good Hope. See Cape Colony 198, 200, 201, 202. See also Cocceianism Capelle, Jan van de (c. 1626–1679), artist, 37 Coecke van Aelst, Pieter (1502–1550), artist, Caravaggio (1571–1609), artist, 269, 326. See 318 also Utrecht, Caravaggisti Coen, Jan Pietersz (1587–1629), governor- Cartesianism, 198, 201, 202, 203, 346, 352, general of Dutch East Indies (1619–1623 353, 358, 370, 373, 375, 377, 378, 385, 387 and 1627–1629), 28, 81, 81, 169, 173, 204, Casteleyn, Abraham (1628–1681), Haarlem 302, 398 printer, 114, 137 Coenen, Adriaen (1514–1587), Scheveningen Casteleyn, Pieter (1618–1676), Haarlem fish merchant, 359 printer and artist, 114 coffee, 134, 162, 254 catechism, 92, 175, 226, 232, 335, coffee houses, 134 337, 342 Colijns, David (1582–1665), artist, 259 Heidelberg Catechism, 193, 337 confessionalism, 192–194, 202, 333, 336, 342 Catholicism, Catholics, 7, 50, 51, 56, 57, 58, Coolhaes, Caspar (1536–1615), preacher, 196 59, 90, 91, 92, 101, 102, 127, 132, 140, 141, Coornhert, Dirk Volkertsz (1522–1590), wri- 174, 182, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 199, 204, ter, 196, 292, 293, 296, 297 205, 206, 208–223, 225, 226–239, 240, Ethics, or the Art of Living Well (Zedekunst, dat 241, 256, 264, 292, 293, 301, 302, 336, is wellevenskunste, 1586), 293 340, 341, 342, 343, 347, 347, 373, 393 Copernicanism, 352 Cats, Jacob (1577–1660), poet and grand Corneille, Pierre (1606–1684), French play- pensionary of Holland (1629–1631 and wright, 306, 312, 322 1636–1652), 4, 197, 241, 242, 289, 300, Coromandel Coast, 169, 204 301, 305, 348 corruption, 78–79, 119–120, 180 censorship, 55, 125, 134–137, 138, 183, 302 Coster, Samuel (1579–1665), physician and self-censorship, 137 playwright, 296, 299, 300, 302, 341, 342

Index 417

Council of State (Raad van State), 69, 72, 109 military, 81, 81, 83, 83, 84 Counter-Reformation, 292, 347 Dutch West India Company (WIC), 18, 60, Counter-Remonstrantism, Counter- 61, 73, 74, 76, 83, 83, 84, 92, 99, 100, 103, Remonstrants, 92, 143, 198–200, 214, 104, 116, 117, 154, 155, 171–183, 189, 190, 299, 300, 302. See also Remonstrantism 203, 204, 256, 360, 361, 398 Court, Johan de la (1622–1660), political Duym, Jacob (1547-c. 1624), poet and histor- writer, 373, 374, 386 ian, 295 Court, Pieter de la (1618–1685), political The Murderous Crime of Balthasar Gerards writer, 373, 374, 386 (Het moordadich stuck van Balthasar Court culture, 55, 181 Gerards, 1606), 295 Cuffeler, Abraham Johannes (c. 1637-), jurist dykes, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47 and philosopher, 376, 380 Curaçao (Antilles), 117, 167, 174, 204 East India Company (VOC). See Dutch East curiosities, cabinets of, 229, 241, 242 India Company (VOC) education, 27, 59, 203, 204, 206, 333–348, Datheen, Petrus (1531–1588), theologian, 128 352, 368 Delft, 18, 22, 25, 56, 80, 95, 154, 169, 191, 219, French Schools, 338–340 221, 254, 258, 262, 283, 286, 356, 360, Illustrious Schools, 234, 334, 344, 345, 363, 390 346, 352 Delftware, 1, 18, 254, 258 Latin Schools, 334, 339, 340, 342, 346, 352, demonology, 381, 382 358 Den Bosch. See ’s-Hertogenbosch multi-confessional education, 341–343 Den Briel, 70 parish schools, 336 Denmark, Danes, 39, 42, 153, 157. See also private schools, 337–338 Scandinavia; Baltic, trade universities, 19, 24, 55, 59, 63, 125, 132, 142, Descartes, René (1596–1650), philosopher, 189, 198, 199, 202, 231, 232, 234, 262, 55, 200, 201, 202, 306, 315, 344, 346, 347, 292, 294, 296, 334, 336, 340, 343–348, 352, 357, 358, 361, 365, 367, 372, 383, 387. 352, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, See also Cartesianism 365, 368, 376. See also Leiden, univer- Deventer, 27, 38, 58, 216, 251, 376, 377 sity; Utrecht, university Dijkgrafen, 43 Eglantine, the, 296, 298, 299. See also Disaster, Year of (1672), 79, 119, 125, 136 Chambers of Rhetoric discussion culture, 43, 88, 91, 93, 99, 113, 114, Eindhoven, 80 119, 124–146, 234, 295, 301, 333 Elizabeth Stuart (1596–1662), Electress Does, Pieter van der (1562–1599), admiral, 73 Palatine and Queen of Bohemia, 55 domesticity, in painting, 149, 281–286 Elmina (Ghana), 61, 171, 204, 397 Donck, Adriaen van der (1618–1655), lawyer emblem literature, 237, 241, 242, 301, 347, and land-owner in New Netherland, 60 348 Dordrecht, 21, 23, 77, 113, 170, 194, 200, 216, Emden, 129, 191, 194 300, 358, 379 Ende, Caspar van den (1614), Rotterdam Dou, Gerrit (1613–1675), artist, 268, 276, 279 French schoolmaster, 339, 342 Douai, 59 Enden, Franciscus van den (1602–1674), drainage of land, 3, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41–44, 151 schoolmaster and political writer, 203, Drebbel, Cornelis (c. 1572–1633), inventor, 373, 374, 383, 385, 386 356 England, English, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 18, 24, Drenthe, 38, 40, 153, 210 25, 27, 29, 30, 49, 51, 52, 55, 61, 79, 89, Duifhuis, Hubert (1531–1581), preacher, 196 90, 99, 100, 103, 104, 107, 112, 114, 115, 117, Dunkirk, 73 119, 124, 125, 130, 131, 137, 155, 162, 171, Dutch Academy (Nederduytsche Academie, 172, 175, 176, 182, 197, 219, 221, 231, 235, 1617), 232, 234, 296, 299, 341 249, 264, 300, 308, 321, 339, 345, 351, Dutch East India Company (VOC), 1, 18, 28, 371, 373, 378, 379, 387, 393, 394. See also 29, 53, 60, 61, 62, 63, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, Anglo-Dutch Wars 99, 103, 104, 116, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, English East India Company, 172, 178 171–183, 189, 190, 203, 204, 256, 302, Enkhuizen, 42, 54, 131, 168, 169, 170, 202 304, 353, 360, 361, 366, 398 Enlightenment, 222, 327, 381, 382, 386, 396 Heeren XVII, 116 epigrams, 290, 297

418 Index

Episcopius, Simon (1583–1643), theologian, Frederick V (1596–1632), Elector Palatine 199 (1610–1632), King of Bohemia Erasmus of Rotterdam (c. 1466–1536), (1619–1620), 55 humanist, 314, 315, 316 Friesland, 20, 35, 43, 50, 52, 72, 110, 111, 134, esotericism, 232 152, 162, 189, 191, 210, 376 Evelyn, John (1620–1706), writer, 249 Further Reformation, 194, 197–198, 200, 202 factorijen, 61, 116, 169, 170 Fagel, Gaspar (1634–1688), Grand Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), scholar and phi- Pensionary of Holland (1672–1688), 112 losopher, 356, 357, 386, 387 Farms, Farmers. See peasants, peasant Siderius Nuncius (1610), 356 population Gelderland, 38, 40, 52, 211 Farnese, Alexander (1545–1592), Duke of Germany, Germans, 16, 52, 53, 54, 55, 62, 79, Parma, Piacenza and Castro 80, 126, 128, 151, 156, 159, 174, 176, 180, (1586–1592), governor of Spanish 300, 339, 345, 347 Netherlands (1578–1592), 45, 291 German Reformation, 193 Felltham, Owen (1602–1668), English writer, Geuzenliedboek (Beggars’ Song Book). See 208 Beggars, Beggars’ Song Book Ferdinand III (1608–1657), Holy Roman Ghent, 16, 51, 291, 294 Emperor (1637–1657), 303 Pacification of (1576), 102 fisheries, 33, 35, 154, 155 Gheyn, Jacob (Jacques) de (1565–1629), artist, Flanders, Flemish, 7, 16, 34, 51, 53, 54, 56, 73, 356 91, 98, 104, 211, 249, 274, 275, 294, 373 Gibraltar, Battle of (1607), 100 Flinck, Govert (1615–1660), artist, 257 glass manufacture, 263, 355. See also lenses; Flud van Giffen, David (1653–1701), theolo- microscopes; optics; telescopes gian, 202 Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670), phar- Focquenbroch, Willem Godschalck van macist, alchemist and chemist, 365 (1640–1670), poet and playwright, 305 Glazemaker, Jan Hendricksz (c. 1619–1682), foreign policy, 74, 104, 109, 110, 115, 119, 139 translator, 373 Formosa (Taiwan), 64, 116, 117, 169, 174, 175, Glorious Revolution (1689), 8, 99, 112, 373, 176, 178, 190, 204, 205 379, 393 France, French, 1, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, 29, 30, 44, 45, Goeree, Willem (1635–1711), art theorist and 51, 52, 55, 60, 61, 79, 85, 94, 97, 100, 104, bookseller, 379, 380–382, 383, 386 108, 114, 115, 128, 130, 131, 140, 145, 156, Church and Worldly History,(Kerkelijke en 159, 173, 175, 191, 258, 290, 292, 312, 313, wereldlijke historie, 1705), 383 339, 343, 347, 352, 377, 378, 386, 393, 397 Mosaische Oudheden (1700), 383 French classicism, theatre, 312, 322–323, Golius, Jacobus (1596–1667), Arabist, 354 326 Goltzius, Hendrik (1558–1617), artist, 312, French Huguenots, 27, 54, 60, 61, 90, 128, 326, 327 176, 263, 376–378 Gomarism, Gomarists. See Counter- French Revolution, 208, 327 Remonstrantism French Schools. See Education, French Gomarus, Franciscus (1563–1641), theolo- Schools gian, 143, 198, 199. See also Counter- language, 27, 337, 345, 352 Remonstrantism neo-classicism, 289–307 Gorée, 75 Francius, Petrus (Pieter de Frans) Gouda, 24, 154, 196, 216, 220 (1645–1704), philologist and professor, clay pipe industry, 154 348 Sint Jan Church, 95 Franeker, 189, 354, 357 Goyen, Jan van (1596–1656), artist, 253, 258 Frederick Henry (1584–1647), Prince of Graaf, Renier de (1641–1673), physician and Orange, Stadholder of Holland, anatomist, 364, 365 Zeeland, Utrecht, Overijssel and Graeff, Cornelis de (1599–1664), Amsterdam Gelderland (1625–1647) and Groningen regent, 257 and Drenthe (1640–1647), 55, 79, 97, 98, grand pensionary, 110, 112, 113, 300, 354 103, 112, 256, 308, 309, 311, 356 grand tour, 293, 298

Index 419

Great Assembly (1651), 217 William of Orange, or Wounded Liberty Grebber, Pieter de (1600–1652/1653), artist, (Auriacus, sive libertas saucia, 1602), 295, 309 298 Groenewegen, Henricus (1640–1692), theo- Helmichius, Werner (1550–1608), preacher, logian, 202 190 Groningen, 22, 24, 35, 46, 110, 111, 134, 153, Herbertszoon, Herman (–1607), preacher, 170, 189, 191, 210, 343 196 Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645), jurist and writer, herring fishery, 33, 35, 77, 155. See also 1, 2, 59, 121, 190, 199, 200, 299, 302, 315 fisheries On the Antiquity of the Batavian Republic ’s-Hertogenbosch, 58, 79, 80, 98 (1610), 299 Heuraet, Hendrik van (1633–1660), mathe- Gueudeville, Nicolas (1652–1721), writer, matician, 354 377, 382, 383 Heyden, Jan van der (1637–1712), inventor Guicciardini, Lodovico (1521–1589), writer and artist, 25, 242, 243 and merchant, 51 Room Corner with Curiosities (1712), 242–244 guilds, 20, 21, 131, 157, 158, 221, 228, 262, 263, Heylyn, Peter (1599–1662), English eccle- 334, 335, 352, 362, 363, 364, 368 siastic and writer, 49 St Luke, 258, 262, 263, 335 Heyns, Pierre (1537–1598), schoolmaster and gunpowder, 315 writer, 338, 339 Gustav II Adolfus of Sweden (1594–1632), Hilten, Caspar van, courantier and pub- King of Sweden (1611–1632), 98 lisher, 133, 137 Hinduism, Hindus, 174, 204 Haarlem, Cornelis Cornelisz van Hobbema, Meindert (1638–1709), artist, 4, (1562–1638), artist, 314, 326 36, 390 Haarlem, 7, 16, 22, 24, 25, 42, 45, 49, 51, 54, Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679), English phi- 57, 96, 154, 192, 196, 211, 232, 251, 262, losopher, 346, 372, 376, 379, 384, 385, 294, 316, 339, 341, 362, 390 387, 388 Mannerism, 326 Hogenberg, Frans (1535–1590), printer and Habsburg Netherlands, 91, 209, 291, 292 cartographer, 96 Hague, The, 15, 23, 55, 98, 110, 125, 131, 134, Holland, passim 139, 179, 194, 262, 300, 304, 318, 343, ‘Garden Holland’, 121 346, 356, 362, 367, 370, 376, 377, 385 Holland Mission, 217, 218, 236 Binnenhof, 97, 110, 134 States of, 17, 20, 41, 42, 43, 93, 140, 198, 199, Hals, Dirck (1591–1656), artist 217, 238, 371, 375 Garden Party (Buitenpartij, 1627), 4, 5 Holy Roman Empire, 6, 38, 51, 55, 59, 90, Hals, Frans (1581/5–1666), artist, 1, 55, 309, 128, 193, 217 390 Honthorst, Gerard van (1590–1656), artist, Hebrew, 231, 232, 264, 341, 342 309 Heemraden, 43, 110 Hooch, Pieter de (1629–1683), artist, 149, Heemskerck, Jacob van (1567–1607), 283–284 admiral, 100 A Mother with Her Children and a Servant Heemskerck, Johan van (1597–1656), poet, 3, (c. 1675), 283 5 Hooft, Pieter Cornelisz (1581–1647), poet, Heeren XIX (WIC). See Dutch West India playwright and historian, 121, 127, 142, Company (WIC) 289, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 341 Heeren XVII (VOC). See Dutch East India Baeto (1616), 299 Company (VOC), Heeren XVII Gerard van Velsen (1613), 298–299, Heerhugowaard, 42 302 Heidanus, Abraham (1597–1678), theolo- Hooghe, Romeyn de (c. 1645–1708), artist gian, 202 and propagandist, 99, 132, 229, 379, Hein, Piet Pietersz (1577–1629), admiral, 99, 380 171 Spiegel van staat (1706), 380 Heinsius, Daniel (1580–1655), classicist, 293, Hoogstraten, Samuel van (1627–1678), artist 294, 295, 298, 322, 343, 347 and art theorist, 326, 335 Cupid’s Craft (Het ambacht van Cupido, 1613), Inleyding tot de hooge schoole der schilderkonst 294 (1678), 335

420 Index

Hoorn, 28, 42, 54, 96, 127, 169, 170 Inquisition, Spanish, 89, 90, 91, 135, 213, 232, Hoornbeeck, Johannes (1617–1666), theolo- 325 gian, 197, 202 Isabella de Austria, Archduchess Horace, Horacian, 312, 321, 322, 323, 324, (1566–1633), royal regent in Spanish 325, 326, 327 Netherlands (1621–1633), 91 Hortus, 359, 362, 363 Islam, 174, 204, 205, 226, 230, hospitals, municipal, 29, 363. See also 232 Amsterdam, Binnengasthuis Israel, New, Second. See New Israel Houbraken, Arnold (1660–1719), artist and Italy, Italians, 16, 24, 25, 51, 151, 212, 294, 298, writer on art, 3, 379, 380, 381, 309, 316, 317, 318, 323, 327, 352, 390 382, 383 The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters and Janssen, Sacharias (1585–1632), Middelburg Women Painters (Groote Schouburgh der spectacle-maker, 356 Nederlantsche Konstschilders en Jansz, Broer (1579–1652), courantier and Schilderessen, 1718–1721), 380 publisher, 133, 134, 137 house churches (huiskerken), 234, 235, 236, Java, 28, 62, 81, 169, 237, 240, 241 361 Hout, Jan van (1542–1609), Pensionary of Jelles, Jarig (1620–1683), Amsterdam mer- Leiden, 292 chant, 373 Houtman, Cornelis (1565–1599), explorer, Jerusalem, 197 190 Jesuits, 90, 171, 203, 373 Howell, James (1594–1666), Anglo-Welsh John Maurice (1604–1679), Count of Nassau- historian and writer, 208 Siegen, governor-general of Dutch Hudde, Johannes (1628–1704), Amsterdam Brazil (1637–1644), 171, 173, 181 regent, 354, 356 Jordaens, Jacob (1593–1678), artist, 311 Hugo, Herman (1558–1629), preacher and Judaism, Jews, 7, 16, 50, 52, 54, 57, 62, 157, writer 174, 193, 199, 205, 211, 212, 214, 220, 221, Pia Desideria (Pious Wishes, 1624), 237, 241, 225, 226–232, 233, 234, 237, 239, 241, 242 342, 380 Huguenots, Huguenot refugees. See France, Ashkenazi (‘High German’) Jews, 52, 211, French Huguenots 228 Huis ten Bosch, 308–312 in Amsterdam. See Amsterdam, Jewish humanism, 142, 196, 294, 315, 316, 322, 334, community 336, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348 Sephardic (‘Portuguese’) Jews, 52, 53, 54, Huydecoper van Maarsseveen, Joan 62, 193, 211, 214, 227, 228, 229, 342 (1625–1704), Amsterdam regent, 136 Junius, Franciscus (1545–1602), theologian Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695), scholar and professor at Leiden, 127, 128, 129, and inventor, 347, 354, 366, 135, 199 367, 370 Junius, Robert (1606–1655), missionary in Huygens, Constantijn (1596–1687), poet and Formosa, 205 secretary to Frederick Henry, 1, 4, 264, 301, 304–305, 318, 319, 320, 321 Key, Lieven de (c. 1550–1627), architect, 87, Cornflowers (Korenbloemen, 1658), 304 314, 316, 318 Desultory Moments (Momenta desultoria, Meat Hall (Vleeshal), 316 1644), 304 Kieft, Willem (1597–1647), merchant and Holy Days (Heilighe daghen, 1645), 305 governor of New Netherland house, 318–320 (1638–1647), 30 Kieft’s War (1639–1645), 173 iconoclasm, iconoclastic fury (1566), 59, 235, Koelman, Jacobus (1632–1695), schismatic, 240 342 Illustrious School. See education, Illustrious Koerbagh, Adriaen (1632–1669), Spinozist Schools writer, 126, 373, 375, 377, 381, 384, 385, India, 29, 61, 62, 174, 180, 254, 366. See also 386 Coromandel Coast; Malabar A Light Shining in Dark Places (1668), 375 Indonesia, 28, 29, 61, 63, 168, Koerbagh, Johannes (1634–1672), Spinozist 178, 397 writer, 373, 377

Index 421

Lairesse, Gerard de (1641–1711), artist, 55, 312 Looten, Karel (1575-), merchant, 3 land reclamation. See drainage of land Lope de Vega y Carpio, Félix (1562–1635), landsknechten,71 Spanish poet and playwright, 321, 323 Latin (language), 180, 264, 294, 296, 297, Lopez, Alphonso, Portuguese collector, art 299, 300, 301, 304, 315, 336, 339, 341, 347, dealer, jeweler and agent, 229 348, 376, 377 Louis, Count of Nassau (1538–1574), 90 Latin Schools. See education, Latin Schools Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715), 1, 8, 9, Leeghwater, Jan Adriaansz (1575–1650), 60, 85, 99, 140, 312, 367, 377, 378, 393 drainage expert, 3 lower classes, 78, 131, 133, 140, 334 Leenhof, Frederick van (1647–1715), preacher Lucas, Jean-Maximilien (c. 1646–1697), bio- and philosopher, 203, 376, 377, 378, 381, grapher of Spinoza, 376, 377 383, 386 Lumey, Willem II van der Marck (1542–1578), Heaven on Earth (Den Hemel op Aarden), Or admiral, 102 a short and clear Account of the true and firm Luther, Martin (1483–1547), theologian, 126. happiness (1703), 378 See also Lutheranism Leeuwarden, 20, 22 Lutheranism, Lutherans, 53, 54, 57, 90, 101, Leeuwenhoek, Anthonie van (1632–1723), 127, 174, 190, 193, 210, 211, 214, 215, 217, microscopist and microbiologist, 341, 225, 233, 342, 345, 373. See also 347, 356, 370 Protestantism Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (1533–1588), Lutma the elder, Johannes (1584–1669), sil- governor-general of United Provinces, versmith, 256 89 Leiden, 7, 16, 22, 23, 24, 45, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, Maastricht, 24, 58, 98, 345 56, 59, 63, 80, 91, 93, 138, 149, 154, 156, Maes, Nicholaes (1634–1693), artist, 149 192, 196, 198, 200, 202, 214, 215, 220, Maets, Carel de (1640–1690), professor in 252, 260, 292, 294, 296, 345, 346, 355, chemistry, 365 359, 370, 375, 383, 385 Makassar (Sulawesi), 81, 166, 171, 182, 205 Siege of, 93, 95 Malabar (India), 170, 172, 204, 366 university, 132, 142, 189, 198, 199, 231, 262, Mander, Karel van (1548–1606), artist and art 334, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 352, 354, theorist, 293, 294, 295, 316, 318, 326, 335 356, 358, 359, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367 The Book of Painters (Het Schilder-Boeck, lenses, 315, 355, 356 1604), 294, 316, 318, 335 Lery, Jean de (1536–1613), explorer, writer Mannerism. See Haarlem Mannerism and preacher, 203 Marcgraf, Georg (1610–1644), German nat- Lescailje, Katharina (1649–1711), writer, uralist and astronomer, 183, 361 publisher and bookseller, 306 Marin, Pierre, French schoolmaster, 339 Levier, Charles (-1735), The Hague booksel- Marot, Daniël (1663–1752), artist and archi- ler, 377 tect, 55 libellous books. See pamphlets marriage, mixed marriage, interfaith mar- libertinism, 59, 125, 196, 198, 225, 240, 342, riage, 220 379, 380 Mataram (Java), 29, 81, 169 liefhebbers (‘sympathizers’), 192, 211, 240 mathematics, 97, 338, 341, 350, 353, 354, 355, linen industry. See textile industry 357, 358, 367, 386, 387 Linschoten, Jan Huygen van (1533–1611), Matthysz, Hans, Leiden publisher, 252 travel writer, 168, 359 Maurice of Nassau (1567–1625), Prince of Itinerario (1596), 168 Orange (1618), Stadholder of Holland Lipperhey, Hans (1570–1619), spectacle- and Zeeland (1585), Utrecht and maker, 356 Overijssel (1590), Gelderland (1591), Lipsius, Justus (1547–1606), humanist scho- Groningen and Drenthe (1620), 55, 59, lar, 138, 343 71, 73, 80, 81, 92, 97, 104, 130, 143, 145, literacy, 25, 27, 264, 333, 335, 337, 338, 345, 200, 299, 302, 353, 354, 356, 361, 371 348, 352, 355, 367, 372 medicine, 296, 334, 340, 341, 344, 347, 350, Locke, John (1632–1704), English philoso- 358, 359, 360, 361–363, 366, 367, 368, pher and physician, 55, 346 373, 376, 385. See also pharmacies; phy- London, 16, 17, 52, 129, 191, 194, 318, 346, 366, sicians; surgery, 368, 390 Collegium Medicum, 362, 363

422 Index

Mennonites, 90, 101, 190, 210, 211, 214, 215, Nantes, Edict of (1598) 217, 218, 220, 221, 231, 232, 233, 234, 239, Revocation (1685), 99, 339 301, 341, 342. See also Anabaptism Nassau mercenaries, 15, 70, 71, 76 counts of, 111, 128, 256 Merian, Maria Sibylla (1647–1717), artist, Nassau-Odijk, Willem Adriaan van (c. 361 1632–1705), 120 Metius, Adriaan Adriaansz (1571–1635), natural science, 344, 346, 347 geometer and astronomer, 354 navy, 69–85, 89, 95, 100, 101, 111, 115, 140, 154, Metius, Jacob (1571–1624/31), instrument- 155, 157, 172, 175, 304, 356 maker and spectacle-maker, 356 professionalization of, 72 Meuse (Maas), 11, 35, 38, 45, 47, 170 neo-Epicureanism, 377, 386 Meyer, Lodewijk (1638–1681), physician, New Amsterdam (New York), 29, 30, 60 scholar and writer, 306, 373, 375, 380, New Israel, 1, 57, 64, 90, 121, 197, 213 381, 386 New Netherland, 60, 75, 117, 171, 172, 176, De Jure Ecclesiasticorum (1665), 380 204 Philosophia S. Scripturae Interpres news books, 114 (1666), 375 Europische Mercurius, 114 microscopes, 355, 356, 357, 364, 367. See also Hollantsche Mercurius, 114 Optics news maps, 96–97 Middelburg, 24, 76, 83, 129, 160, 191, 194, newspapers, 27, 28, 60, 99, 114, 133, 197, 263, 345, 357, 362 134, 137 migration, 49–64, 225, 226, 393 Opregte Haarlemsche Courant, 114 forced migration. See slavery Nieuhof, Johan (1618–1672), traveller and Mijtens, Jan (1614–1670), artist, 62 travel writer, 180, 182 military, 69–85. See also civic militias; States Nieuwpoort, Battle of (1600), 73, 74, 104 Army Nijmegen, 216, 341, 345 labour, 81–84 Nil Volentibus Arduum, 306, 312, 322, 325 markets, 76–79 Noot, Jan van der (1539–1595), poet, 292 military revolution, 70–74 Nova Zembla (Novaya Zemlya), 168, 304 mutiny, 84 novels, 304, 376 occupation, 79–81 mills, 18, 35, 36, 167, 355. See also drainage of Ochtervelt, Jacob (1634–1682), artist, 277, land; polders 278, 278 Modetus, Herman, Utrecht pastor, 199 Musical Company in an Interior (c. 1670), 277, Moluccas (East Indies), 63, 166, 169, 204 278 Momma from Middelburg, Wilhelmus Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van (1547–1619), (1642–1677), preacher, 380 advocate of Holland (1586–1618), 8, 59, monarchy, monarchism, 6, 7, 8, 9, 88, 109, 92, 94, 120, 130, 138, 139, 143, 145, 199, 111, 118, 125, 131, 172, 371, 372, 393, 395, 200, 302 396. See also Orangism oligarchy. See regents anti-monarchism, 377, 378. See also optics, 350, 355, 356, 357, 367 republicanism Orange Hall. See Huis ten Bosch monism, 374, 384 Orange-Nassau Moors, 190, 203 Court of, 111, 262 Morocco, Moroccan, 231, 233, 367 House of, 87, 92, 111, 118, 140, 256, 308, 311, multi-confessionalism, 209, 210, 212, 215, 318, 371, 372, 378. See also Frederick 218, 219, 221. See also education, multi- Henry; Maurice of Nassau; William of confessional education Orange; William II; William III Münster, Peace of (1648), 44, 276, 281. See also Orangism, Orangists, 93, 100, 118, 119, 120, Westphalia, Peace of 125, 131, 372, 378, 379, 380 Musch, Cornelis (c. 1592–1650), griffier Oranjezaal. See Huis ten Bosch (Chief Clerk) of the States General, 120 orphanages, 22, 352 Muyden Castle, 298 Ostade, Adriaen van (1610–1685), artist, 278, 280, 281, 282 Naarden, 94 Carousing Peasants (c. 1635), 278, 281 Nagasaki, 170, 181, 366 Interior of a Peasant Cottage (1668), 279

Index 423

Ostend (Flanders), Siege of (1601–1604), 134 petitions, 21, 114, 131, 228. See also discussion Oudewater, 93 culture Overijssel, 19, 20, 38, 52, 58, 110, 153, pharmacies, 360, 362. See also medicine 211 Philip II (1527–1598), King of Spain, ruler of Ovid, Ovidian, 2, 3, 11 Habsburg Netherlands (1555–98), 7, 8, 70, 109, 127, 138, 168, 209, 210, 393, 394 Paget, John (1574–1638), English clergyman Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde and pastor, 231 (1540–1598), writer and statesman, 292 painting philology, 343, 344, 345, 347, 347 genre painting, 240, 242, 268–286, 308, philosophy, 58, 59, 126, 198, 200, 201, 202, 390, 395 203, 206, 223, 239, 296, 297, 306, 341, history painting, 242, 259, 264 343, 344, 346, 350, 357, 358, 359, 365, landscape, 4, 25, 36, 37, 55, 183, 229, 240, 368, 370–388. See also radical 253, 263, 264, 308, 390 Enlightenment; rationalism; peasant scenes, 253, 275, 275, 278, Spinozism 279, 333 physiology, 352, 358, 362, seascape, 37, 107, 240, 253, 308 365 still life, 240, 242, 253, Piedmont Easter massacre (1656), 60 308, 390 pietism, 197, 342 Palladio, Andrea (1508–1580), Italian archi- pilgrimages, 59, 231, 238 tect, 309, 318 Piso, Willem (1611–1678), physician, natur- pamphlets, 34, 57, 80, 99, 114, 125, 126, 127, alist and botanist, 183, 361 128, 132, 133, 134, 136, 139, 141, 142, 145, Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648), 361 237, 292, 348, 355, 379. See also discus- placards, 114, 210, 213, 215, sion culture; print 216 pamphlet war, 92, 126, 130, Plancius, Pieter (1552–1622), preacher and 138, 139 geographer, 190, 353 Paracelsianism, 365 Plantin, Christopher (c. 1520–1589), printer, Paris, 16, 17, 52, 306, 346, 367, 368, 390 291 Parma, Duke of. See Farnese, Alexander Plempius, Vopiscus Fortunatus (1601–1671), patricians. See regents anatomist, 358 patronage, 136, 142, 143, 145, 199, 214, 228, Plutarch, 297 229, 240, 241, 255–258, 264, 272, 276, poetry, poets, 2, 4, 24, 88, 127, 128, 136, 142, 280, 283, 286 143, 144, 225, 233, 257, 258, 289–307, 321, Pattingalloang, chancellor of the kingdom 322, 326, 336, 344, 347, 348, 362 of Gowa-Talloq, 166, 171, Poland, Polish, 321, 345 182 polders (drained land), 3–5, 32–37, 41, 43, 46, Pauw, Pieter (1564–1617), botanist and ana- 47, 96, 152. See also drainage of land tomist, 363 Pomp, Dirck Gerritsz (1544–1608), sailor and peasants, peasant population, 34, 36, 39, 40, explorer, 180, 182 43, 53, 151–153, 249. See also painting, Porcellis, Jan (1584–1632), artist, 253 peasant scenes Portugal, Portuguese, 7, 10, 16, 28, 52, 53, 61, Pels, Andries (1631–1681), playwright and 84, 91, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, founder of Nil Volentibus Arduum, 175, 176, 180, 182, 183, 203, 211, 214, 227, 307, 326 228, 229, 342, 353, 359 Gebruik én misbruik des tooneels (1681), Portuguese Jews. See Judaism, Sephardic 325 (‘Portuguese’) Jews Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703), naval adminis- Portuguese Synagogue (Esnoga), 227, 228. trator and Chief Secretary to the See also Amsterdam, Jewish Admiralty, 308, 312 community; Judaism Perkins, William (1558–1602), English cler- Post, Frans Jansz (1612–1680), artist, 183, 361 gyman and theologian, 199 Post, Pieter (1608–1669), architect, 24, 308 Perrault, Charles (1628–1703), French writer, Potter, Paulus (1624–1654), artist, 4 312 Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665), artist, 6 Peter the Great (1672–1725), tsar (1682–1721), poverty, 19, 22, 29, 33, 40, 78, 80, 126, 163, 360, 364, 397 191, 192, 206, 275, 281, 336, 363

424 Index

print, printing, 59, 96, 97, 99, 124, 125, 126, Reede van Amerongen, Godard Adriaan van 128, 129, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, (1621–1691), diplomat, 111 140, 141, 218, 226, 231, 232, 237, 252, 258, Reformation. See Protestantism 263, 264, 281, 291, 303, 304, 315, 318, 333, Reformed Church. See Calvinism, Reformed 348, 352, 373, 379, 380, 385. See also book Church market; newspapers; publishing Reformed Protestantism. See Calvinism industry refugees, 17, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 90, news prints, 96, 97 91, 225. See also France, French political print, 124, 125, 128, 129, 134, 136 Huguenots; migration printing industry, 55, 59, 263, 355 regents, regent class, 19–20, 41, 42, 43, 74, 77, propaganda, 93, 97, 99, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 97, 99, 112, 113, 114, 118, 130, 131, 132, 135, 140, 173, 299, 377 145, 166, 191, 194, 196, 203, 208, 221, 256, prostitution, 268, 274, 274, 278 257, 272, 340, 352, 363, 371, 372, Protestantism, Protestants, 1, 6, 7, 17, 25, 50, 378, 380 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 89, 90, 95, Regius, Henricus (1598–1679), professor of 98, 99, 121, 126, 127, 128, 132, 135, 140, medicine, 358 141, 189–206, 208, 209, 210, 217, 225, 231, Rembrandt (1606–1669), artist, 1, 22, 77, 101, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 244, 256, 264, 157, 221, 229, 256, 258, 259, 265, 268, 291, 316, 333, 335, 336, 338, 340, 345, 347, 309, 314, 325, 326, 327, 363, 390 347, 348, 351, 367, 381, 393, 396. See also Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp (1632), 363 Anabaptism; Calvinism; Lutheranism The Night Watch (1642), 22, 101, martyrdom of. See Inquisition, Spanish 256 Protestantism, Reformed. See Calvinism The Syndics (1662), 221 public church, 54, 95, 189, 190, 191–194, 199, Remonstrantism, Remonstrants, 54, 59, 92, 210, 211, 212–213, 214, 215, 222, 240, 343 101, 139, 143, 196, 198–200, 202, 211, 212, public debate, public opinion. See discussion 214, 217, 221, 234, 299, 341, 342. See also culture Calvinism; Counter-Remonstrantism publishing industry, 11, 25, 27, 55, 137, 240, Arminian Controversy, 198–200, 212, 250, 253, 292, 335, 346, 376. See also 214 Print Republicanism, Republicans, 7, 8, 55, 59, Puritanism, Puritans, 52, 141, 172, 197, 202, 118, 119, 120, 256, 350, 371, 372, 373, 377, 351. See also Further Reformation; 379, 386, 393, 396. See also monarchism; pietism Orangism Reynst, Gerard (-1615), governor-general of Questiers, Catharina (1631–1669), poet and Dutch East Indies (1614–1615), 203 playwright, 305 rhetoricians. See Chambers of Rhetoric Rhijne, Willem ten (1647–1700), physician Raad van State. See Council of State and botanist, 366 radical Enlightenment, 370, 373, 374, 386 Rhine (Rijn), 11, 32, 35, 38, 40, Raleigh, Sir Walter (1554–1618), English 45, 47 writer, scholar and explorer, 155 Riebeeck, Jan van (1619–1677), founder of rationalism, rationalist philosophy, Cape Colony, 181, 398 201–203, 351, 372, 375 Rieuwertsz, Jan (1617–1686), Amsterdam reading. See literacy bookseller, 373 Reael, Laurens Jacobsz (1536–1601), Robbertsz le Canu, Robbert (1563-c. 1630), Amsterdam regent, 204 Amsterdam schoolmaster and writer, Realism in art, 327, 392 338 in poetry, 3, 305 Rodenburgh, Theodore (1574–1644), diplo- Rebellion, Dutch, 6, 83, 89, 129, 130, 191, 210, mat, poet and playwright, 321 264, 303, 393, 394. See also Beggars Rotterdam, 24, 54, 78, 93, 160, 169, 170, 249, Recife (Pernambuco), 167, 176, 181, 204 263, 277, 334, 342, 346, 358, 364, 373, rederijkers, rederijkerskamers. See Chambers of 376 Rhetoric Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640), artist, 319, Reede tot Drakenstein, Hendrik Adriaan 320, 321 van (1636–1691), naturalist and colonial Ruijven, Pieter Claesz van (1624–1674), art administrator, 366 collector, 286

Index 425

Rumphius, Georg Eberhard (c. 1627–1702), Snel van Royen, Willebrord (Snellius) botanist, 183, 360 (1580–1626), mathematician and rural economy. See peasants, peasant astronomer, 354 population Socinianism, Socinians, 59, 211, 217, 225, 373 Ruysch, Frederick (1638–1731), anatomist, Solms-Braunfels, Amalia van (1602–1675), 364 98, 256, 308 Ruysdael, Jacob van (1628/29–1682), artist, 4, songs, songbooks, 91, 92, 95, 142, 252, 292, 25, 36, 229, 390 293, 298, 348 View of Haarlem (1650s), 25 sonnets, 292, 297, 298, 305. See also poetry Ruysdael, Salomon van (1602–1670), artist, Sorbière, Samuel (1615–1670), physician and 253 philosopher, 345 Spain, Spanish, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 16, 34, 43, 44, Sabbatarianism, 189, 198, 200, 202, 205 45, 46, 56, 57, 58, 61, 73, 84, 90, 91, 92, Saint-Glain, Gabriel de (1620–1684), writer, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 103, 109, 115, 128, 376, 377 130, 137, 138, 139, 140, 159, 166, 167, 170, Salvador de Bahia (Brazil), 171 171, 172, 173, 175, 180, 182, 183, 189, 191, Scaliger, Joseph (1540–1609), humanist 197, 199, 200, 209, 214, 215, 231, 232, 276, scholar, 333, 334, 343, 348 291, 292, 295, 296, 303, 305, 306, 321, Scamozzi, Vincenzo (1548–1616), architect, 347, 356, 371. See also Inquisition, 309, 318, 321 Spanish L’idea delle architettura universale (1615), 318 Armada, 73 Scandinavia, Scandinavians, 52, 53, 54, 156, theatre, 321. See also Lope de Vega 157, 174, 176. See also Denmark; Sweden War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), Scheldt, Schelde, 38, 129, 159 116, 130, 137 schools. See education Speelman, Cornelis (1628–1684), governor- Schooten, Frans van (1615–1666), general of Dutch East Indies mathematician, 367 (1681–1684), 81 Schouwburg. See Amsterdam, Theatre Spiegel, Hendrick Laurensz (1598–1667), Schurman, Anna Maria van (1607–1678), Amsterdam poet, 233, 234, 244, 296, artist, poet and scholar, 301, 340, 353 297, 298, 380 Scientific Revolution, 344, 351 Dialogue on Dutch Grammar (Twe-spraack Scriverius, Petrus (1580–1655), scholar, 294 vande Nederduitsche letterkunst, 1584), Sea Beggars, 70. See also Beggars 296 Seba, Albertus (1665–1736), pharmacist and Mirror of the Heart (Hert-spiegel, 1614), 297 zoologist, 360 Numa, or Refusing Office (Numa ofte Seneca, Senecan, 294, 302, 303, 321, 323, 325 amptsweygerinhe), 297 Sephardic Jews. See Judaism, Sephardic Spinola, Ambrogio (1569–1630), military (‘Portuguese’) Jews commander, 356 Serlio, Sebastiano (1475–1554), architect, 318 Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict) de (1632–1677), Sidney, Algernon (1623–1683), English philosopher, 1, 10, 59, 126, 202, 306, 342, republican and member of Long 347, 355, 370–388, 396, 398. See also Parliament, 371, 388 Spinozism Sidney, Philip (1554–1586), diplomat, poet Spinozism, 126, 372, 377, 379, 383, 384, 385, and soldier, 321 386, 387 silversmiths, goldsmiths, 157, 254 Spinozist circle (cercle spinoziste), 370, 372, Six van Chandelier, Jan (1620–1697), poet 373, 374, 375, 380, and merchant, 305, 362 386 Sladus the Younger, Matthaeus (early 17th Spranckhuijsen, Dionysius (–1650), century), teacher, scholar and writer, preacher, 197 342 Sri Lanka. See Ceylon (Sri Lanka) slavery, slave trade, 5, 28, 29, 50, 61–62, 63, stadholder, 4, 6, 8, 20, 55, 59, 73, 77, 79, 88, 64, 81, 81, 103, 117, 167, 171, 172, 173, 175, 92, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 109, 110, 111, 112, 178, 179, 180, 181, 397 113, 118, 120, 140, 142, 200, 256, 257, 299, Snel van Royen, Rudolph (Snellius) 308, 371. See also Frederick Henry; (1546–1613), mathematician and lin- Maurice of Nassau; William of Orange; guist, 354 William II; William III

426 Index

stadholderless period (1650–1672), 118, 125, 308, 312, 313, 314, 315, 321–325, 327, 334, 131, 371, 372 339, 341, 348, 372, 380 States Army, 2, 55, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, pastoral theatre, 298 79, 81, 83, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 97, 101, 139, tragedy, 294, 298, 299, 302, 322, 323 140 Theophrastus Redivivus (1659), 386 States Bible. See Bible, Dutch translation of Theunisz, Jan (1569–1638), printer and pro- States General, 7, 19, 72, 73, 80, 81, 84, 88, 89, fessor in Arabic, 231, 232, 234, 244 96, 97, 99, 100, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, Thirty Years War (1618–1648), 16, 80, 90, 197 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 130, 169, 170, 172, tolerance, religious tolerance, 11, 30, 59, 62, 174, 178, 190, 192, 256, 262, 356 126, 135, 141, 151, 173, 174, 176, 190, Steen, Jan (1626–1679), artist, 309 208–223, 232, 240, 244, 371, 372, 374, Stensen, Nicolas Steno (1638–1686), anato- 382, 386, 392, 393, 395, 396, 398 mist, geologist, 365 Toleration Act (1689), 393 Stevin, Simon (1548–1620), mathematician, Torrentius, Johannes (1589–1644), artist, 232 and military engineer, 296, 353, 354 town councils (vroedschappen), 19, 23, 24, 101, Stock Exchange. See Amsterdam, Stock 213, 216, 220 Exchange travel guides, 49, 238 Stuyvesant, Peter (1611/12–1672), governor of Trekvaarten, 34 New Netherland (1647–1664), 171, 174 Trelcatius the Younger, Lucas (1542–1602), sugar, sugar industry, 18, 61, 73, 154, 167, 171, theologian and writer, 343 172, 176, 254 Trip, Elias (c. 1570–1636), merchant, 77 Sulawesi (Celebes), 81, 166 Trip, Hendrick (1607–1666), merchant, 77 surgery, 334, 350, 362, 363–364, 366 Trip, Jacob (1576–1661), merchant, 77 Suriname, 60, 61, 83, 171, 173, 174, 175, 178, Trip, Louis (1605–1684), merchant, 77 204, 361, 397 Tromp, Maarten Harpertsz (1598–1653), Swammerdam, Jan Jacobsz (1637–1680), admiral, 100 scholar, 360, 364, 365 True Freedom (1650–1672). See Sweden, Swedish, 8, 98, 321. See also Stadholderless period (1650–1672) Scandinavia tulips, tulip mania, 18, 249, 359 Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745), writer and Tulp, Nicolaes (1593–1674), physician, and theologian, 107 Amsterdam regent, 362, 363 synods, 192, 193, 194, 199, 204, 218, 375, 383 Twelve Years’ Truce (1609–1621), 8, 34, 54, Dordrecht (1578), 194 87, 92, 115, 136, 138, 139, 143, 166, 170, Dordrecht (1618–1619), 26, 111, 192, 193, 197, 200, 212, 214, 295, 299 194, 197, 198, 200, 204, 333, 336, Twente, 58 337, 341 Tyssot de Patot, Simon (1655–1738), writer, Middelburg (1581), 194 376, 377 South Holland (1706), 383 The Hague (1586), 194, 343 Udemans, Godefridus (1580–1649), preacher, 197 tableaux vivants, 323 Union of Utrecht (1579), 53, 72, 87, 109, 190, Taiwan. See Formosa (Taiwan) 209, 216 Tasman, Abel (1603–1659), explorer, 178 universities. See education, universities taxation, tax system, 8, 20, 22, 58, 70, 72, 78, urbanization, 4, 15–30, 51, 130, 249, 251, 256, 80, 88, 110, 130, 152 334, 348 tea, 162, 254 Ursinius, Zacharius (1534–1583), theologian, Teellinck, Ewout (1573–1629), jurist, 197 193 Teellinck, Willem (1579–1629), preacher, 197, Utrecht, 9, 21, 24, 38, 96, 110, 111, 114, 189, 193, 342 196, 198, 199, 211, 212, 216, 221, 236, 251, telescopes, 355, 356, 357, 367. See also optics 262, 269, 336, 340, 341, 343, 345, 346, Temple, Sir William (1628–1699), diplomat, 352, 358, 375, 379 2, 15, 16, 107, 124, 125, 160, 235, 396 Caravaggisti, 269 textile industry, 23, 25, 53, 149, 150, 154, 156, university, 198, 352 180, 229, 252, 335 Uytenbogaert, Johannes (1557–1644), theo- theatre, 22, 56, 91, 92, 93, 139, 144, 225, 233, logian, 130, 196, 234, 240, 244, 256, 262, 277, 289–307, 199

Index 427

Uziel, Isaac ben Abraham (–1622), poet and Vorstius, Aelius Everhardus (1565–1624), rabbi, 233, 244 physician, botanist and professor at Leiden, 343 vanitas imagery, 242–244 Vos, Jan (1612–1667), poet and playwright, 136, Veer, Cornelia van der (1639-c. 1702), poet, 303, 306, 314, 315, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325 305, 306 Aran en Titus (1641), 314, 323 Veer, Gerrit de (fl. 1570–1598), writer, 304 Medea (1667), 315, 323, 325 Velde, Esaias van de (1587–1630), artist, 253 Vossius, Gerardus (1577–1649), humanist Venice, 15, 25, 115, 318 scholar, 322, 342 Vermeer, Johannes (1632–1675), artist, 1, 25, Poeticae Institutiones (1647), 322 149, 255, 268, 283, 284, 286, 309, 357, vroedschappen. See town councils 390, 392 The Lacemaker (c. 1670–1671), 284 Wagner, Zacharias (1614–1668), German Vinckboons, David (c. 1576–1632), artist, artist, merchant and governor of the 274, 275, 278 Dutch Cape Colony, 180, 181, 182 Country Fair (c. 1629), 275, 275 Slave Market at Recife (1630s–1640s), 181 Vingboons, Justus (c. 1620–1698), architect, Thierbuch, 181 321 Walten, Ericus (1663–1697), writer, 126, 379, Riddarhuset (1653), 321 386 Vingboons, Justus (c. 1620–1698), architect De regtsinnige Policey (1689), 379 Vingboons, Philips (c. 1607–1678), architect, War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). 321 See Spain, War of the Spanish Virgil, 2, 5, 145, 257, 302 Succession (1701–1714) Aeneid, 302 waterschappen, 35, 43 Visscher, Anna Roemers (1584-c. 1651), poet Weede van Dijkvelt, Everard van and artist, 296, 297 (1626–1702), diplomat, 111 Visscher, Claes Jansz, (c. 1586–1652), artist, welfare organisations, 19, 22, 56, 343. See also printer, publisher and art dealer, 134 orphanages Visscher, Maria Tesselschade Roemers Wesembeecke, Jacob van (1523–1577), (1594–1649), poet and artist, 296, 297 Pensionary of Antwerp (1556–1567), 128 Visscher, Pieter Roemer (1547–1620), poet West India Company (WIC). See Dutch West and merchant, 241, 242, 289, 296, 297, India Company (WIC) 298 Westphalia, Peace of (1648), 8, 79, 87, 140. See Jabberings (Brabbeling, (1614), 297 also Münster, Peace of Sinnepoppen (1614), 242, 297 Wildt, Hiob de (1637–1704), secretary of Vlamingh van Oudshoorn, Arnold de Amsterdam Admiralty Board, 77 (1618–1662), Governor of Ambon William II (1626–1650), Prince of Orange (1647–1655), 166 (1647), Stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, Vlissingen, 24, 83 Utrecht, Overijssel, Gelderland, VOC. See Dutch East India Company (VOC) Groningen, Drenthe (1647–1650), 94, Voetianism, Voetians, 201–203. See also 98, 139, 140, 371, 390 Cocceianism William III (1650–1702), Prince of Orange Voetius, Gisbertus (1589–1676), theologian, (1650), Stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 340, 352. See also Utrecht and Westerwolde (1672–1702), Voetianism Gelderland and Overijssel (1675–1702), Vondel, Joost van den (1587–1679), poet and and Drenthe (1696–1702), King of playwright, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 25, 126, 142, 143, England, Scotland and Ireland 144, 145, 234, 244, 257, 289, 301, 302, (1689–1702), 8, 77, 99, 99, 111, 112, 119, 303, 304, 305, 306, 314, 320, 322, 323, 325 120, 371, 373, 377, 379, 380, 393 ‘In Praise of Navigation’ (‘Het lof der Zee- William of Orange (1533–1584), Stadholder vaert’, 1623), 301 of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht Gysbreght van Aemstel (1637), 301, 302, 303 (1559–1567 and 1572–1584), of Brabant ‘In the Scales’ (‘Op de Waeg-schael’), 143 (1577–1584) and Stadholder of Friesland Jeptha (1659), 302, 303 (1580–1584), 6, 7, 8, 70, 71, 90, 91, 99, Lucifer (1653), 302, 303, 314 100, 102, 128, 140, 292, 294, 295, 396 Palamedes (1625), 145, 302 windmills. See mills

428 Index

With, Witte Cornelisz de (1599–1658), Wolsgryn, Aert (late 17th), publisher, 376, admiral, 100 386 Witsen, Nicolaes (1641–1717), writer and The Life of Philopater (1697), 376 Amsterdam regent, 361 Witt, Cornelis de (1623–1672), Dordrecht Zaan, 18, 154 regent, 125, 139 Zaydān, Mulay (–1627), Sultan of Morocco Witt, Johan de (1625–1672), Grand (1603–1627), 231 Pensionary of Holland (1653–1672), 8, Zeeland, 18, 20, 34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 51, 52, 94, 100, 113, 118, 119, 120, 125, 131, 135, 62, 72, 83, 91, 95, 110, 120, 152, 167, 169, 140, 354, 371 170, 189, 191, 192, 204, 210, 249, 251, 291, Deduction, 140 294, 295, 300, 371, 377, 380 murder of, 119, 120, 139 Zeelandia, Fort (Suriname), 83, 178 Witte, Emanuel de (1617–1692), artist, 227, zielverkopers (sellers of souls), 81 228, 229, 241 Zijpe, De, 152 Portuguese Synagogue (1680), 227, Zuiderzee, 35, 38, 42, 45, 47, 155 228, 241 Zutphen, 38, 58 Wittichius, Christopher (1625–1687), theo- Zwolle, 19, 24, 38, 58, 149, 216, 376, logian, 202 378, 383