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What Are Global Transformations Experienced by the Indigenous Peoples of the North?

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What Are Global Transformations Experienced by the Indigenous Peoples of the North? View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 10 (2014 7) 1705-1718 ~ ~ ~ УДК 304.444 What are Global Transformations Experienced by the Indigenous Peoples of the North? Julia S. Zamaraeva* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 06.03.2014, received in revised form 20.05.2014, accepted 18.06.2014 The phenomenon of globalization in modern science is considered a priority trend in the world development. This article deals with the key aspects of the concept of "global transformations" and the study of the influence of global transformations in respect to the ethnic culture of the northern territories. In the study of the specificity of the indigenous peoples residing in the territories of the North, researchers of the last decade have identified the following important processes: environmental, social, cultural and political. Economic processes remain "on the sideline" due to the lack of private industry and professional specialization. The wave of research interest is due to the desire to know the unique cultural traditions of the indigenous peoples of the North in the modern world; to develop strategies for the protection of the northern territories in order to preserve biological and cultural diversity; to find out the path of economic and political development of international cooperation with the leading countries to provide existence of the circumpolar ethnic culture and population of the northern territories. Keywords: global transformations, indigenous peoples of the North, ethnic culture. Research area: 24.00.00 – culture studies. Point in the global society and culture), placing it in The concept of "global transformations" first the successive chain: modernization (1970), appeared in the works of French and American postmodernism, (1980s) and globalization authors in the 60s of the 20th century. It marked (1990s). Theoretically, this concept was the transition from the modern to the latest phase elaborated only in the 90s (1987 to 1997) in some of globalization, when the wave of global flows conceptual works on globalization by Robert and relationships significantly increased and Robertson, Samir Amin, Anthony Giddens, Paul qualitatively changed the basic forms of social Hirst and Graham Thompson, Robert Gilpin, was activities (political, economic and cultural). In systematically analyzed in the works by Malcolm the 90s of the 20th century, scientists identified Waters, Leslie Sklair and Ulrich Beck. In these this concept as an epistemological "pick-lock" and other works, the concept of "globalization" in understanding the processes of modernity has different definitions: "compression of space (cognition of structurally similar phenomena and time" (David Harvey), "a network society © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 1705 – Julia S. Zamaraeva. What are Global Transformations Experienced by the Indigenous Peoples of the North? and informationalism" (Manuel Castells), "an "global transformations" is defined as significant increasing interdependence in international structural changes (changes and transformations) politics" (Robert Keohane), "a polycentric world in the contemporary post-industrial informational arising under the influence of transnational (via the Internet, the media) and real (cultural, actors" (James Rosenau), "strengthening of economic, political) world dimension between the state in industrialized countries" (Michael different countries. In the broad meaning, "global Mann), "deterritorialization of loyalties" (Arjun transformations" are the process of real system Appadurai). social, cultural, economic and political (and The most modern and well-grounded legal) changes (up to the radical reorganization of theoretical work is the book by British scientists, the world model), dynamically developing in the "Global Transformation: Politics, Economics, period from the second half of the 20th –beginning and Culture" (D.Held, D.Goldblatt, A. McGrew, of the 21st century in the relations between various J. Perraton), where the main existing approaches national states. One of the possible risks of global to understanding the process of globalization are transformations becomes the inevitability of identified and systematized, a clear definition of confrontation between the leading countries of this process in its historical and contemporary the world for the world’s resources, geopolitical development is given, the fields of global influence and economic dominance. transformations of contemporary societies are In general, global transformations are stated. The scientists understand the concept of intended: to determine the quality of the main "global transformation" as the crystallization of trends of the globalization process (currently these the specifics of the "deep globalization" present are the trends of integration and disintegration stage (intensive and extensive), characterized adjustable by the rules of tolerance and proneness to by high intensity, high speed and high impact conflicts) and to show the quality of modifications in all areas or aspects of public life, from of the basic structural areas; to facilitate the economic to cultural. The scientists believe that integration of relations between the leading globalization is not a unique and linear process, developed and lagging developing countries (to it is a differentiated phenomenon, which is show the priority trends of development in the era composed of certain areas and cooperation: of globalization), while maintaining the cultural political, economic and cultural. In this regard, values of each of them; to update the processes the processes of global transformations become of localization or acculturation of cultural values the processes of expansion, deepening and in the multicultural world community (avoiding acceleration (redoing) of global cooperation, unification and universalization); to show the affecting all aspects of contemporary social primary and the secondary priorities of protection life. In Russian scientific literature over the last and vulnerability in each country. As the process decade among the scientists engaged in the issues of globalization is global, global transformations of global transformations are R.Ia. Tsibrienko, occur simultaneously at the local, regional, Iu.A. Uzlov, T.A. Iashkov, L.N. Klepatskii, T.M. national and global levels. Kononov, V. Mironov, V.V. Tevlin, T.I. Zaslavskaia For determining the specificity of the notion, and V.A. Iadov. In these works, the concept of real processes should be considered, which are "global transformations" has predominantly one explained in the process of global transformations. direction and can be understood in the "broad" The main issues are as follows: what are the and "narrow" meaning. The narrow meaning of constraints and opportunities established by – 1706 – Julia S. Zamaraeva. What are Global Transformations Experienced by the Indigenous Peoples of the North? global transformations for social processes? have or do not have access to resources and What changes and what becomes "the points of mechanisms of the political sphere – access, which vulnerability" in political, economic and cultural reflects a complex model consisting of economic organization in the context of globalization? factors, cultural processes and participation in Global transformations of political social life. organization. According to researchers, The third global transformation that has contemporary global politics differs by happened in the field of the "idea of a government transformation of the foundations of the world or a state" (democratic or non-democratic) order through reconstruction of traditional forms can not be protected only as an idea applied to of national statehood and international political an isolated political community or a national relations. The "core" of contemporary global state anymore. Understanding of the political politics is efficient government (operating at the community with one destiny as an idea of a self- national, regional and international levels) and determining community cannot be determined territoriality of each national state (and region) within the borders of one state-nation in whatever under condition of participation in the solution significant way. Some of important powers and of the "border" and "cross-border" issues of the processes defining the type of life opportunities political community. inside political communities are now beyond the In the recent period of globalization, the sphere of influence of national states. The system first global transformation has occurred with the of national political communities, of course, concept of "national government", now it is not continues to exist, but today it is being understood the focus of political power. In local sense, the and gets new understanding within complicated national state is not able to gain independence, as economic, organizational, management, legal the fundamental forces and processes are beyond and cultural processes and structures, which limit the boundaries of individual national states. The and restrict its efficiency. If these processes and system of national political communities is linked structures are not approved and not introduced today to complex economic, organizational, into the political
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