The University of Chicago Literary Genres in Poetic
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LITERARY GENRES IN POETIC TEXTS FROM THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY WILLIAM DOUGLAS PICKUT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2017 © Copyright 2017 William Douglas Pickut All rights reserved For Mom and for Matt –A small cloud of witnesses. For Grace and Jake and Mary – Had I the heavens’ embroidered cloths… “Many persons have believed that this book's miraculous stupidities were studied and disingenuous; but no one can read the volume carefully through and keep that opinion. It was written in serious good faith and deep earnestness, by an honest and upright idiot who believed he knew something of the language, and could impart his knowledge to others.” Mark Twain Introduction to the US edition of English as She is Spoke by Jose da Fonseca and Pedro Carolinho 1855 Table of Contents Tables…………………………………………………………………………………….vii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………xii Foreword………………………………………………………………………………....xiii 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 2. Method……………………………………………………………………………17 2.1 The Clause as the basic unit of discourse…………………………………….17 2.2 Problems with the line………………………………………………………..18 2.3 Advantages of the clause……………………………………………………...20 2.4 Layered structure of the clause (LSC)………………………………………..23 2.5 What the LSC does……………………………………………………………32 2.6 Semantic content………………………………………………………………34 2.7 Application of Functional Grammar and semantic analysis…………………..36 2.7.1 Terseness (and un-terseness)………………………………………….36 2.7.2 Parallelism (Repetition)……………………………………………….40 2.8 Examples………………………………………………………………………46 2.8.1 Terse with no repetition……………………………………………….46 2.8.2 Terse with repetition…………………………………………………..47 2.8.3 Terse by ellipsis……………………………………………………….49 2.8.4 Un-terse………………………………………………………………..50 3. Now-canonical texts – Data analysis………………………………………………54 3.1 Findings………………………………………………………………………..54 3.2 Prototype-Exemplar theory…………………………………………………….59 3.2.1 Default properties………………………………………………………63 3.2.2 Optional properties…………………………………………………….84 3.2.3 Prototype Exemplar text………………………………………………102 4. Non-canonical texts – Analysis and findings……………………………………..110 4.1 Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice………………………………………………..110 4.1.1 Editions and translations………………………………………………110 4.1.2 Introduction……………………………………………………………111 4.1.3 History of interpretation……………………………………………….111 4.1.4 4Q404………………………………………………………………….117 4.1.5 4Q400………………………………………………………………….137 v 4.2 Hodayot………………………………………………………………………157 4.2.1 Editions and translations……………………………………………..157 4.2.2 Introduction…………………………………………………………..158 4.2.3 History of interpretation………………………………………………158 4.2.4 1QHa V……………………………………………………………….167 4.2.5 1QHa VII……………………………………………………………..190 4.3 Stylistic deficiencies of the non-canonical texts……………………………..209 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..211 Appendix A – Data for Statistical Analysis……………………………………………….217 Appendix B – Characteristic Clause Combinations (Biblical)..…………………………..218 Afterword…………………………………………………………………………………307 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………312 vi Table of Tables Table 2.1 Psalm 9:17.2-9:17.2 ………………………………………………………………….46 Table 2.2 Psalm 6:3.3-6:4.1……………………………………………………………………...47 Table 2.3 Psalm4:3.1-4:3.3 …………………….…………………………………..………….48 Table 2.4 Psalm 21:10.3-21:11.2………………………………………………………………...49 Table 2.5 Psalm 79:4.1-79:4.2 ………………………………………………………………….51 Table 2.6 Psalm 4:2.1-4:2.1………………………………………….…………………………52 Table 2.7 Psalm 75:4.1-75:4.2…………………………………………………….…………….53 Table 3.1 Poetry Characteristics………………………………………………….……….…….56 Table 3.2 Psalm 4:2.1-4:2.2 ……………………………………………………………………..57 Table 3.3 1 Samuel 1:1.1-1:2.1………………………………………………………………….58 Table 3.4 Leviticus 2:12.1-2:13.1…………………………………………………….…………59 Table 3.5 Percent Conforming………………………………………………………….……….62 Table 3.6 Psalm 66:3.2-66:4.3…………………………………………………………….……..65 Table 3.7 Psalm 3:8.1-3:8.4……………………………………………………………….……66 Table 3.8 Psalm 76:2.1-76:3.2………………………………………………………………..…68 Table 3.9 Psalm 51:3.1-51:4.2…………………………………………………………………..70 Table 3.10 Psalm 120:2.1-120:2.2…………………………………………………………..….71 Table 3.11 Psalm 129:7.1-129:7.2……………………………………………………………….72 Table 3.12 Psalm 5:4.1-5:4.2…………………………………………………………………….74 Table 3.13 Psalm 9:20.1-9:21.2…………………………………………………………………75 Table 3.14 Psalm 2:3.1-20:3.2…………………………………………………………………..76 Table 3.15 Psalm 22:3.2-22:3.4…………………………………………………………………78 Table 3.16 Psalm 6:4.1-6:4.2…………………………………………………………………….79 vii Table 3:17 Psalm 66:9.1-66:9.2………………………………………………………………….79 Table 3:18 Psalm 9:8.2-9:11.1…………………………………………………………………..81 Table 3.19 Psalm 13:6.1-13:6.2…………………………………………………………………81 Table 3.20 Psalm 5:3.1-5:4.2…………………………………………………………………….82 Table 3.21 Psalm 29:1.1-29:1.2……………………………………………………………..…103 Table 3.22 Psalm 29:3.1-29:8.2…………….…………………………………………………..105 Table 3.23 Psalm 29:29:9.1-29:9.3…………………………………………………………….107 Table 3.24 Psalm 29:10.1-29:11.2……………………………………………………………..108 Table 4.1 4Q404 Section 1…………………………………………………………………….119 Table 4.2 4Q404 Section 2………………………………………………………………….…122 Table 4.3 4Q404 Section 3………………………………………………………………….…127 Table 4.4 4Q404 Section 4……………………………………………………………………..131 Table 4.5 4Q400 Section 1……………………………………………………………………..139 Table 4.6 4Q400 Section 2……………………………………………………………………..140 Table 4.7 4Q400 Section 3……………………………………………………………………..142 Table 4.8 4Q400 Section 4……………………………………………………………………..146 Table 4.9 4Q400 Section 5………………………………………………………………….…149 Table 4.10 4Q400 Section 6…………………………………………………………………....147 Table 4.11 Proposed Reconstruction of 4Q400 Section 3………………………………….….154 Table 4.12 Reconstruction…………………………………………………………………..…156 Table 4.13 1QHa Col 5 Section 1……………………………………………………………...169 Table 4.14 1QHa Col 5 Section 2………………………………………………………………175 Table 4.15 1QHa Col 5 Section 3………………………………………………………...……179 Table 4.16 1QHa Col 5 Section 4…………………………………………………………..….181 Table 4.17 Proposed Reconstruction of 1QHa Col 5 Clause 1…………………………………185 viii Table 4.18 ……………………………………………………………..…………………….…187 Table 4.19 1QHa Col 5 Section 5……………………………………………………………..189 Table 4.20 1QHa Col 7 Section 1……………………………………………………………..191 Table 4.21 1QHa Col 7 Section 2……………………………………………………………..193 Table 4.22 1QHA Col 7 Section 3………………………………………………………….…197 Table 4.23 1QHa Col 7 Section 4……………………………………………………………..199 Table 5.1……………………………………………………………………………………....213 Table 5.2……………………………..……………………………………………………..…215 Table B.1 Psalm 3:3.2-3:4.1……………………………………………………………….….219 Table B.2 Psalm 3:6.1-3:6.3………………………………………….………………………..220 Table B.3 Psalm 3:8.1-3:8.4………………………………………………………………….221 Table B.4 Psalm 4:21-4:2.2…………………………………………………………………..222 Table B.5 Psalm 4:5.2-4:5.3………………………………………………………………….223 Table B.6 Psalm5:2.2-5:4.2…………………………………………………………………..223 Table B.7 Psalm 5:6.2-5:11.3……………………………………………………………..…225 Table B.8 Psalm 6:2.1-6:9.1………………………………………………………………….229 Table B.9 Psalm 8:2.1-8:31…………………………………………………………………..230 Table B.10 Psalm 8:5.1-8:12.1…………………………………………………………..…..231 Table B.11 Psalm 9:19.1-9:21.1……………………………………………………………...233 Table B.12 Psalm 13:2.1-13:2.2……………………………………………………………...234 Table B.13 Psalm 13:6.1-13:6.3………………………………………………………………235 Table B.14 Psalm 15:1.1-15:1.2……………………………………………………………..236 Table B.15 Psalm15:3.2-15:3.3……………………………………………………………….237 Table B.16 Psalm 19:5.1-19:5.3……………………………………………………………...238 Table B.17 Psalm 19:12.1-19:14.1,,,,………………………………………………………….239 ix Table B.18 Psalm 20:3.1-20:7.4………………………………………………………………240 Table B.19 Psalm 21:2.1-21:3.2……………………………………………………………...242 Table B.20 Psalm 21:7.1-21:12.1…………………………………………………………….243 Table B.21 Psalm 22:3.2-22:3.4…………………………………………………………..….245 Table B.22 Psalm 22:8.2-22:14.1…………………………………………………………….246 Table B.23 Psalm 22:18.2-22:24.3…………………………………………………………..249 Table B.24 Psalm 22:28.2-22:29.1…………………………………………………………..252 Table B.25 Psalm 38:2.1-38:2.2……………………………………………………………..253 Table B.26 Psalm 38:2/1-38:2.2………………………………………………………………255 Table B.27 Psalm 38:11.1-38:13.2…………………………………………………………..256 Table B.28 Psalm38:17.2-38:20.2……………………………………………………………257 Table B.29 Psalm 47:3.1-47:5.1…………………………….………………………………..258 Table B.30 Psalm 50:7.1-50:11.2…………………………………………………………….260 Table B.31 Psalm 50:17.1-50:20.2………………………………………………………..…262 Table B.32 Psalm 51:3.1-51:11.2…………………………………………………………….264 Table B.33 Psalm 51:15.1-51:21.2……………………………………………………………..268 Table B.34 Psalm 64:92-64:112……………………………….……………………………...270 Table B.35 Psalm 66:1.1-66:6.2………………………………….……………………………271 Table B.36 Psalm 66:7.3-66:9.2………………………………….…………………………...273 Table B.37 Psalm 66:13.1-66:19.1…………………..…………..…………………………..274 Table B.38 Psalm 67:2.1-67:5.4…………………..……………………………………………277 Table B.39 Psalm 73:5.1-73:6.2………………………………………………………………278 Table B.40 Psalm 76:2.1-76:3.2………………………………………………………………279 Table B.41 Psalm 76:7.1-76:9.1………………………………………………………………281 Table B.42 Psalm 73:5.1-73:6.2………………………………………………………………282 x Table B.43 Psalm 79:1.1-79:2.2………………………………………………………………283 Table B.44 Psalm 82:1.1-82:4.1………………………………………………………………285 Table B.45 Psalm 85:3.1-85:4.1………………………………………………………………286 Table B.46 Psalm 85:6.1-85:6.2………………………………………………………………287 Table B.47 Psalm 88:2.1-88:3.1………………………………………………………………288 Table B.48 Psalm 88:7.1-88:7.3……………………………………………………………...289 Table B.49 Psalm 92:13.1-92:14.1…………………………………………………………..290 Table B.50 Psalm 98:4.2-98:7.1………………..…………………………………………….291 Table B.51 Psalm 100:4.1-100:5.3……………………………………………………………..293 Table B.52 Psalm 108:2.2-108:8.3……………………………………………………………..294