DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 BANDA DISTRICT ~OREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District. Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the I9S1 census, when the ,tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require ... ments of the country, the districtlwise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break"up for census tracts within th~ district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901;02 to I9S0/SI and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. 'The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be adde4 here that a separate set of district;wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. I 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is twenty/five. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., RAMPUR: Superintendent} Census Operations, April 30, 1955. Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS Pagll_ INTRODUCTION- A-The District i-iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-x C-Explanatory Note o:q the Statistics x-xi~ PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, IFouses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3' A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Pop~lation 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6, A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by ~ivelihood Classee T E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes .. 8-9' B--EcONOMIC TABLES- B-1 Li'velihood Classes and Sub-classes 10-13'; B-II Secondary Means of Livelihood .. 14-23 B-III Employers, Binployees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisons 24:'49- B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes SO-51 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations .. 52-55- C-HOUSEHOI.D AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (size and composition) ".. 56-57 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 58-63 C-III Age and Civil Condition 64-67 C-IV Age and Literacy 68-71. C-V Single year Age Returns 72-7~ D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- 0-,1 Languages (i) Mother Tongue 80-81 (ii) Bilingualism 82-83 D-II Religion 84-85, D-III Scheduled Castes 84-85: D-IV Migrants 86-89' D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 90-91. (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 90-91- D-VI Non-Indian Nation_!lls 90-91. D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 92-97 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS 1 Primary Census Abstract .. 100-143' 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 144- pART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICs 1 Vital Statistics 146-149- 2 Agricultural Statistics-Ci) Rainfall 150-151 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 152-155 (iii) Cropped Area 156-171 (iv) Irrigated Area 172-175 6 Live-Stock, Agricultural Machinery and Implements ) 176-179- 7 List of Primary SChools 180--183 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Banda forms the most easterly district of Bundelkhand. The ¥ amuna forms the northern boundary and separates it from Fatehpur and Allahabad. On the east it joins the Allahabad district and to its south, south-west and south-east lies the State of Vindhya Pradesh. On the west the boundary is generally formed by the Ken river which separates it from the district of Hamirpur; but tehsil Banda extends beyond the river. By the recent transfers of enclaves on account of "The Provinces and States (Absorption of Enclaves) Order 1950" it lost 34'2 square miles to Vindhya Pradesh; it gained 66 square miles from the former States of Ajaigarh, Baraundha, Bhainsaunda, Taraon, Pahra and Paldeo. The district as now constituted has a total area of 2,965 square miles and its population in 1951 was 7'9 l:lkhs. It has 5 tehsils, 5 parganas and 18 thanas. 2. The district falls into two sharply defined portions. One of these consists of the Topograph, elevated plateau called patha, situated in the Vindhyan plateau in the south of Mau and Karwi tehsils. A considerable portion of the plateau or the palha is included in tehsil Karwi and a smaller portion in Mau. This tract is largely covered with jungle and there is scarcity of water in it. Outside the forest and scrub jungle, there is a considerable area covered with grass. The soil is entirely disintegrated sandstone overlying suhstratum of rock and is never very deep. It is incapable of continuous tillage, and the crops consist mainly of the hardiest and most inferior classes. This tract is generally pastoral rather than agricultural. The other tract comprising the lowland of alluvium which reaches to the foot of the flat-topped range of hills, where usually a short steep slope, strewn with massive boulders of rock, leads up to a sheer escarpment of sandstone, locally known as the ari and only accessible by well- defined passes known as ghatis. The alluvium is Gangetic and overlies in varying degrees of thickness, at any rate over a large part of the district. It increases in thickness as Yamuna is approached. This lowland is again divisible in two parts. The first consisting of the country lying along the foot of the hills and stretching from the Mau tehsil in the east to the Girwan tehs!l in the west, forms a rough triangle bounded by the Yamuna and Bagain rivers on two sides and the first Vindhyan scarp on the third. The second tract lying between the Bagain, Ken. and the Yamuna comprises, with the exception of the trans-Ken portion, the reminder of the district. Tr e general feature of the first: division is a succession of narrow doabs formed by the numerous deep channeled streams that carry off the drainage of the hills to the Yamuna and further west to the Bagain. Each doab generally contains a complete section of the Bundelkhand soils. Between the streams lies a central plateau of mar and kabar ; as this slopes down on either side, it changes to parua or sigaun and ultimately to rakar or gravelly soil along the banks of the streams. The second lowland tract is roughly triangular in shape and is a gentle sloping plain fringed along the river banks by ravines. The best soil is found in a level expanse of mar lying to the north of Banda town. The'whole of this portion of the lowland is the most valuable part of the district. The plain portion of the district is threaded by a number of rivers and streams carrying off the drainage from the higher ground, whose course, as is usually the case in this part of the country, is marked by belts of varying width of broken raviny land the predominating soil in which is "rakar" or diluviated stony soil. The course taken by the Bagain is of vital im­ portance in determining thc physical characteristics of this part of the district. By flowing in a direction roughly parallel to that of the higher ground, it has to a large extent preserved from erosion the central plain of the district. The area of the plain lying hetween the Ken and the Yamuna and bordered on the south by the Bagain is broken only by sluggish streams. On the other hand the land lying between the Bagain and the low hills is cut into a series of doabs by a succession of mountain streams which have deeply eroded the surrounding country. The distance between these streams is frequently so small tl:at there is littk level ground or of the better classes of soils. There are no lakes or jhils but there are numerous talaos in the district some of which are of considerable size. 3. The soils of the lowland consist partly of Gangetic alluvium and partly of the Soils detritus of Deccan trap. They are the well known soils mar and kabar and parua and rakar much of the last named being only deteriorated black soil. Mar is a rich dark coloured friable soil easily recognisable from the large number of minute kankar nodules in its texture. It contains a high proportion of organic matter, which enables it to be cropped continuously without manure. It is extraordinarily retentive of moisture. W'hile it is able to produce good crop with moaerate rain, in seasons of heavy rainfall it becomes water-logged and most diffi- cult to work. Kabar is a stiff tenacious soil, with a large percentage of clay and deficiency of sand. It presents extremely hard surface to plough, drying very quickly and caking into hard blocks, and being in periods of heavy rainfall too tenacious and miry to be worked at all. Parua is a light sandy soil, at its best a fair kind of loam and at its worst extremely dry and sandy and in every case depending more on the care and labour with which it is worked than on any natural fertility.