EXCURSION TO WALMER, ST. MARGARETS, DOVER, ETC. 97 mond Well boring, and was found in the junction-bed of the Oolite and (?) Neocomian. It was latterly found in the Neocomian (Bargate) beds near Guildford. Foraminifera from the Hartwell Clay. Tritaxia (?) variabilis, Brady. Lagena lavis (Montagu). Nodosaria raphanus (Linne). Marginulina (?)jonesi, Reuss. Vaginulina discors, Koch. " harpa, Romer. Cristellaria italica (Defrance). " navicula, d'Orb. " sUlcifera, Reuss. " humilis, Reuss. " fragaria (Gumbel). " gibba, d'Orb. " convergens, Bornemann. " cultrata (Montfort). Globigerina marginata (Reuss).

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EXCURSION TO WALMER, ST. MARGARETS, DOVER, FOLKESTONE, AND ROMNEY MARSH.

EASTER, 1897. Directors: GEORGE DOWKER, F.G.S., W. F. GWINNELL, F.G.S., DR. A. W. ROWE, F.G.S., and C. DAVIES SHERBORN, F.Z.S. Excursion Secretary: E. P. RIDLEY, F.G.S.

(Rep01"! by DR. ROWE and MR. SHERBORN.) Friday, April 16th, and Saturday, April 17th.-Dr. A. W. Rowe, M.R.C.S., F.G.S., and C. Davies Sherborn acted as Directors. The party took the train to Walmer and walked through the picturesque old town to the sea. Turning south towards St. Margaret's Bay, coIlecting all the time, the members noted the very variable distribution of organic remains in this portion of the Micraster cor-anguinum-zone. That part of the cliff above the grassy slope is fairly rich, while that part along the shore after passing the grassy slopes is comparatively barren. Proceeding next morning to St Margaret's Bay, over the downs from Dover, JULY, 1897.] 98 EXCURSION TO WALMER, ST. M.'\,RGARETS, DOVER, ETC.

N. WALMER CASTLE

BEACON

OLD STAIRS POINT

CAP POINT Zone of Mia'aster

LKATHERCOAT POIN']'

ST, MARGARET'S BAY

Zone of Mlcroster cor-tesrxdinarium, The common { fossi 1 is M. cor-anguinum ; M. cor-testudinarium is rare. S. FORELAND LIGHT. } (The reverse is persistently stated. M. cor-ooois Deems at the base of the zone. TELEGRAPH CAELE- i About the Lighthouse "Bluff,,:i1l be seen. the junction t of the Hoiaster planus-wne WIth the };hcrcutef'-Wlle. FAN HOLE }l full of character istic Chalk Rock fossils.

SIGNAL HOUSE- }n '" A spring on the foreshore marks the junction of the LANGDON HaL Tsrebraiulma gracilis'20ne with the Ho/aster planlls- zone above. This T. g. zone may be conveniently } 3 di vided in this district into five distinctly marked bed" their several thicknesses heing- shown hy the 4 numerals. In bed 4 fine and perfect specimens of CASTLE JH:TTY Guettardia slel/ala can be easily obtained. Tile -} .. various" beds" of the gracilis.zone may be distinctly Don. ; 5 D=:. in the hUl Iace at 'h. back of

The best method for studying the section at Shake­ speare's Cliff is :0 descend the zigzag leading down RAILWA\' VI.ADUCT- to the Channel Tunnel works. One passes in succession the g,-ruilis beds, the zone of Rhyndonella SHAKESPEARE'SCLIFF- \ i c:u-zrie1'i, with its last 3° feet of H grit bed," below which comes the zone of Btlmmitella pima, and zone HAY CUFF of Hu/ust, r '74ugiubu,us. Uri the shore, under the cliff, a turfed slope marks the position of the Bel. pIma zone. The shore i.s RAILWAY J"1 strewn with blocks, of "'.ill.'Ch the softer masses are from the gracilis beds; the harder masses which ring LYDDllN SFOUT to the hammer, from the" grit bed." The gri t bed is full of fossils. The graciiis beds contain lew Iossrls ABBOTS CLIFFJ but sponges. PI,tlN OF OU1:CROPS ONlSnORE-LINE BETWEEN WALMEn CASTLE AMD AllBOTS Cl.IFF, DOVEu.-Art..!".. W. Row. and C, D=,,~ ,Slu,,60..... s. EXCURSION TO WALMER, ST. MARGARETS, DOVER, ETC. 99

FIG. 2.-VERTICAL SECTION OF BEDS. C HALK. (:.=..=:::] Gree n Grains and Sand)', at base . ( 'I \ . 1 : f=-> .~~ _I (A bed of Grecnsand.) t I ~lf L x l.- Pal e Marly Clay. ;:l ~ I ' o I ; --x. - Pa le Marly Clay . ~ 1"_. _._; i x.c-Pal e Gre y M a rly Cla y. i l_ "III.- Nodu les. x r . \"11. - Dark Clay , ver y fossiliferou s. j,: ~-.:...; .. ::~ .....-:-- ~ \'I.- ~ I o.tllcd Bed. v. c--Coral s. Iv.-l'." odules _~ {.- ---1 JIJ . - l.i~ ht Coloured Clay (Crustacea). II II.-Dark Cla~ ' (fossils highl y coloured). Il '. . I.-Dark Clay (Sand, N odules, and Pyrites ( )I a t base). ~ i Coarse Grit and Phosphatic Nodules "8.- (A muumi/u ma mm illa ris). I ~ (Band of Che rt.) ~ Alternations of Coarse Calcareous Sand 7. st one and Sand . I ~ t ~ ~ I ~ Dark Green Clarey Sandst one• .. Brown Ferruginous Sandstone . \!-- , Phosphnric N odules.

<5 I; I IBrown ish Clays . 0) I 4.-Yellowish -Green Sands .

1"" -_§- II, I. 3.-B1 ac k, Clayey Sand. II :=:( ~ If Yellowish-Green Sand. ~ 1 ~ 0. 1X a.c- Da rk Greensa nd, ~ ] ]1

r ,- Black Cia)' (1) I II I .8 ~ I ~ 'I Alternations of Limestone (Rag) and I Calcareous Sandstone ( Hassock), 15 . . I ~ ~ IDark Cia}' with Calcareous bands. l.yJ I W '·:AI.I) Shales {with C),/,ridea). C LAY ~ :-oC A Ll': OF FJ-:I-:T. ~~~~o SECTIONS ILLUSTRATING THE GEOLOGY OF HYTHE, SANDGATE, AND FOLKESTONE. 100 EXCURSION TO WALMER, ST. MARGARETS, DOVER, ETC. the members joined up the previous day's work and entered at once into the so-called Mz'craster cor-testudinarium-zcme, first seen on the shore about the middle of St. Margaret's Bay. After waiting several hours on account of the rail) and high tide, the Ness corner was rounded and the junction of the M. cor­ anguinum and the ~l£. cor-testudinariton-zoties shown, and the party then proceeded towards Dover, collecting as they went, and passed successively over the Holaster planus-zone, including the Chalk Rock and the upper part of the Terebratulina gradtis-zone. The plan of outcrops here given completely expresses these two days' work. A visit was paid to the Channel Tunnel Works and the Kent Coal Boring. Monday, Aprz'l Igth.-Mr. W. F. Gwinnell acted as Director. The party travelled by S.E. Railway to Shorncliffe Station, and after a short walk arrived at a brickpit in the Gault, where many fossils were collected. A visit was then paid to the Waterworks, and Lower Greensand fossils were obtained from blocks thrown out of a well-sinking. Whilst some of the more daring of the party made an excursion underground to see the workings, others made good collections of Lower Chalk Ammonites, etc. After visiting Csesar's Camp, the party proceeded to East Wear Bay and the Warrens, where fossils were plentiful and good " bags" were made. The party returned by train to Dover. Tuesday, April zotk.-Mr. G. Dowker acted as Director. The party, numbering twenty-eight, took train to Hythe, and drove to Lympne Castle and church, situate on an escarpment of the Lower Greensand. From this elevation the Director explained the history of the formation of the Marsh as given in his paper read on the znd April, 1897. On descending the hill the Castrum was examined and special attention directed to some of the walls, which are said to have slipped some distance down the hill. The carriages were met at Botolph's Bridge, and the party proceeded to Littlestone, a halt being made at Dymchurch to examine the sea-wall. After lunch at Littlestone, the party proceeded by train to Appledore, the vast extent of the Dungeness shingly beach being well seen in passing. On arrival at Appledore a visit was paid to the Rhee Wall, and the train taken for home.

REFERENCES. Geological Survey Map, Sheets 3 (Drift Edition), price 85. 6d.; and 4- (Solid) price 55. Ordnance Survey Map (New Series), Sheets 290, 305, 306, 321. Price, Is. each.

1836. FITTON, W. H.-" On the Strata below the Chalk." Trans. Geot, Soc. Ser, 2, vol. iv, EXCURSION TO COOKHAM. 101

1864. DREW, F._" The Geology of the Country between Folkestone and Rye." Mem. Ceo!. Survey. 1874. HILTON PRICE, F. G.-" Gault of Folkestone." Quart. Jour". Ceq!. Soc., vol. xxx. 1874. -----"Lower Greensand and Gault of Folkestone." Pr,~. Ceo!. Assoc., vol. iv, 1875. TOPLEY, W._" Geology of the Weald." Mem. Ceo!' Survey. 1886. HILL, WILLIAM.-"The Beds between the Upper and Lower Chalk of Dover." Quart. Yourn. Geoi. Soc., vol. xlii, p. 232. For Reports of former Excursions, see" Record of Excursions," pp. 66-74.

EXCURSION TO COOKHAM. SATURDAY, MAY 1ST, 1897. Director: LL. TREACHER, F.G.S. Excursion Secretary: H. A. ALLEN, F.G.S. (Report by THE DIRECTOR). THE party met at Paddington, and travelled to Cookham by the 140 p.m. train, and on arrival at once proceeded to Cookham Rise, where the Director pointed out the terrace-like arrangement of the river gravels in the Thames Valley between Cookham and Maiden, head. '*' From this point three distinct terraces could easily be distinguished. In the upper one, on which they were standing, a large number of pits have been opened between this place and Maidenhead, and in nearly all of them Palreolithic implements have been found. Those in the Director's collection number over 300, obtained during the last eight or nine years. They are met with at all depths in the gravel, those from near the surface having a white and porcellanous appearance, while others from the bottom of the gravel near the Chalk are quite sharp and fresh looking. Some specimens are much abraded, as if they had been rolled about for a long time. The commonest types are the shoe-shaped and an axe-like form with a straight cutting edge, but nearly every type of Palreolithic implement is repre­ sented, and flakes are also found. Organic remains are rare in this terrace, but a large tusk of Mammoth was found with flint implements in a pit near Maidenhead. As the implements appear to be almost entirely confined to this terrace, at a level of about 150 ft. O.D., and about 75ft. above the present river, it may be taken as constituting the Palseolithic zone of the Thames Valley gravels in the district. The large pit at Cookham Rise, belonging to Mr. Symmons, of Maidenhead, was then inspected, and the presence of large quartzite pebbles and blocks of sarsen stone, of white quartz, and of sandstone was noted. The gravel was observed to rest in a sort of furrow in the Chalk, having a

• See the Sketch Map in Whitaker's Geology 0/ London, vol, i, p, 39' JULY, 1897.] 8