DOCSLIB.ORG

Ústavní Systém Bývalé Jugoslávské Republiky Makedonie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ústavní Systém Bývalé Jugoslávské Republiky Makedonie Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Právnická fakulta Pavlína Atanasovská Ústavní systém Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie Diplomová práce Olomouc 2011 Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci na téma Ústavní systém Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie vypracovala samostatně a citovala jsem všechny pouţité zdroje. V Olomouci dne 31. března 2011 ___________________ 2 Poděkování Děkuji p. Doc. JUDr. Jiřímu Jiráskovi, CSc. za to, ţe mi umoţnil zpracovat toto téma. Děkuji vedoucímu diplomové práce p. JUDr. Jaroslavu Sovinskému, Ph.D. za odborné vedení. 3 Obsah Úvod ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Postavení Makedonie od r. 1878 po vznik samostatného makedonského státu ................... 9 1.1. Berlínský kongres a jeho důsledky na postavení Makedonců ........................................... 9 1.2. První a druhá balkánská válka a jejich vliv na rozdělení Makedonie .............................. 11 1.3. První světová válka a její dopady na přerozdělení území Makedonie ........................... 13 1.3.1. Vardarská Makedonie ..................................................................................................... 14 1.3.2. Egejská Makedonie ......................................................................................................... 14 1.3.3. Pirinská Makedonie ......................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Druhá světová válka a vyhlášení prvního makedonského státu ..................................... 16 1.5. Období od vyhlášení prvního makedonského státu v rámci Jugoslávské federace do přijetí ústavy v roce 1974 .............................................................................................................. 17 1.6. Ústava z roku 1974 a rozpad Socialistické federativní republiky Jugoslávie ................ 20 1.7. Vznik samostatného makedonského státu v roce 1991 ................................................... 22 1.8. Makedonie na pokraji občanské války ................................................................................. 26 2. Vztah státu a jednotlivce z hlediska národnostního sloţení Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie se zaměřením na změny po přijetí Rámcové dohody .............................................. 30 2.1. Národnostní sloţení Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie ....................................... 30 2.1.1. Muslimové (tzv. Torbeši) ................................................................................................ 32 2.1.2. Turci .................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.3. Romové ............................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.4. Srbové ............................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.5. Vlachové ........................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.6. Albánci ............................................................................................................................... 33 2.2. Situace v Bývalé jugoslávské republice Makedonii po podpisu Rámcové dohody a změny zakotvené v Rámcové dohodě ........................................................................................ 33 3. Ústava Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie z roku 1991 ............................................... 37 3.1. Členění ústavní listiny z hlediska její vnitřní struktury ....................................................... 37 3.2. Členění ústavní listiny z hlediska jejího obsahu................................................................. 38 3.2.1. Preambule ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.2.2. Amandmány ..................................................................................................................... 40 3.3. Provádění ústavy .................................................................................................................... 42 3.4. Proces změny a doplňování ústavy ..................................................................................... 43 3.4.1. Proces změny a doplňování ústavy Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie ..... 43 3.4.2. Právní mechanismy změny ústavy Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie....... 45 4 4. Klasifikace ústavního systému Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie a charakteristika jejího soudobého ústavního pořádku .............................................................................................. 47 4.1. Klasifikace ústavního systému Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie ..................... 47 4.2. Moc zákonodárná v Bývalé jugoslávské republice Makedonie ....................................... 48 4.2.1. Struktura parlamentu ...................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2. Sloţení parlamentu, mandát poslance a s ním související práva a povinnosti ..... 49 4.2.3. Vnitřní organizace parlamentu ...................................................................................... 51 4.2.4. Zasedání parlamentu ...................................................................................................... 53 4.2.5. Pravomoc a formy činnosti parlamentu ........................................................................ 55 4.2.6. Normativní pravomoc a zákonodárný proces ............................................................. 56 4.3. Moc výkonná v Bývalé jugoslávské republice Makedonie ............................................... 58 4.3.1. Hlava státu ........................................................................................................................ 58 4.3.2. Vláda ................................................................................................................................. 61 4.3.3. Územní samospráva ....................................................................................................... 63 4.4. Moc soudní v Bývalé jugoslávské republice Makedonie .................................................. 66 4.4.1. Ústavní soud .................................................................................................................... 69 4.4.2. Rada soudců .................................................................................................................... 69 4.4.3. Rada státních zástupců .................................................................................................. 70 4.5. Národní ochránce práv .......................................................................................................... 71 4.6. Ochránce státu ........................................................................................................................ 72 Závěr .................................................................................................................................................... 73 Seznam pouţitých zdrojů .................................................................................................................. 76 Shrnutí .................................................................................................................................................. 81 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 82 Seznam klíčových slov ...................................................................................................................... 83 Key words ............................................................................................................................................ 83 Seznam příloh .................................................................................... Chyba! Záložka není definována. 1. Historické a geografické hranice Makedonie ........................ Chyba! Záložka není definována. 2. Administrativní členění Turecka v roce 1880 ........................ Chyba! Záložka není definována. 3. Hranice Bulharska určené v San Stefanu ............................. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 4. Makedonie v letech 1912 1919 ............................................. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 5. Makedonie v roce 1941 ............................................................ Chyba! Záložka není definována. 6. Mapa současné Bývalé jugoslávské republiky Makedonie Chyba! Záložka není definována. 7. Počty Albánců v jednotlivých opštinách ................................. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 8A. Obyvatelstvo rozdělené dle etnické příslušnosti z roku 2002 .............. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 5 8B. Obyvatelstvo rozdělené dle etnické příslušnosti z roku 2002 .............. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 9. Počet obyvatelstva v různých časových obdobích .............. Chyba! Záložka není definována. 10. Státní znak Republiky Makedonie ........................................ Chyba! Záložka není definována. 11. Současná státní vlajka Republiky Makedonie .................... Chyba! Záložka není definována. 12. Státní vlajka uţívaná do r. 1995. .......................................... Chyba! Záložka není definována. 13. Současný prezident Republiky Makedonie Dr. Ďorďi
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Psaros, Mehiel Speak Exclusively to TNH on St. Nicholas Nicholas Fundraising Efforts Shrine Underway to Church Complete the Church by Theodore Kalmoukos
    Enjoy our Greek American Weddings Annual Special Insert S BRINGING THE NEWS W TO GENERATIONS OF ND E GREEK- AMERICANS The National Herald 2an 2 ni versary N A WEEKLY GREEK-AMERICAN PUBLICATION 1997-2019 VOL. 23, ISSUE 1165 www.thenationalherald.com February 8-14 , 2020 www. ekirikas .com $1.50 Saving St. Psaros, Mehiel Speak Exclusively to TNH on St. Nicholas Nicholas Fundraising efforts Shrine underway to Church complete the church By Theodore Kalmoukos Time for Greek- BOSTON – The construction the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Americans to do Church and National Shrine has already resumed according to all we can Dennis Mehiel and Michael Psaros, chairman and vice chair - Commentary man, respectively, of Friends of By Nicholas Gage St. Nicholas, who spoke to The National Herald during an ex - No one has been more dis - clusive and extensive interview. heartened than I have been by They also said that “the net the unfortunate fate of the St. cost” to complete the Church, Nicholas Shrine at Ground Zero, interior and exterior, is $42 mil - which should have been fin - lion, and they spoke about the ished two years ago at half the fundraising efforts that are un - cost of what it will now take to derway. complete it. When we asked if any finan - Everyone who contributed to cial irregularities took place dur - the delays and the ballooning ing the first phase of the project costs – from the incompetent and if so, by whom, Mehiel and managers of the project at the Psaros said “this is the final time Archdiocese to the slew of we will address this subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin
    MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MDB No.130 / 131 MDB No.130 2018 July / August MACEDONIAN DIPLOMATIC BULLETIN PRIME MINISTER ZAEV RECEIVED NATO MEMBERSHIP INVITATION FROM SECRETARY GENERAL STOLTENBERG PAGE 2 IN FOCUS DIPLOMATIC NOTEBOOK PRIME MINISTER ZAEV RECEIVED TELEPHONE CONVERSATION ZAEV-PENCE NATO MEMBERSHIP INVITATION FROM PAGE 3 SECRETARY GENERAL STOLTENBERG MEETING BETWEEN FOREIGN MINISTER DIMITROV AND PAGE 2 US STATE SECRETARY POMPEO PAGE 17 MEETINGS OF DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER ZHERNOVSKI AT THE WHITE HOUSE, US CONGRESS AND THE US ATLANTIC COUNCIL PAGE 16 DIPLOMATIC NOTEBOOK MDB PRIME MINISTER ZAEV RECEIVED Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin was NATO MEMBERSHIP INVITATION FROM founded in October 2006 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia. SECRETARY GENERAL STOLTENBERG russels, 12 July 2018 - NATO Secretary General Stoltenberg stressed that Bthe citizens of the Republic of Macedonia should accept today’s big day as a day that deserves to be celebrated, and that this invitation is a result of ful- filled conditions and NATO standards, as well as of the historic agreement for strategic partnership and solution of the Macedonian-Greek name difference. Filip II Makedonski 7, 1000 Skopje At the joint press conference, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Mace- Republic of Macedonia donia, Zoran Zaev, said that this was a historic day for our country and that he, the Government of the Republic of Macedonia and the citizens were grateful www.mfa.gov.mk for the decision of our Allies to start the process of fully-fledged membership [email protected] of the Alliance.
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonia Name Dispute: Problem Solved? Page 1 of 2
    LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog: Macedonia name dispute: Problem solved? Page 1 of 2 Macedonia name dispute: Problem solved? An agreement has been reached in the long-running name dispute between Greece and Macedonia. Thimios Tzallas writes that although the agreement is still subject to approval by the parliaments of both countries, Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev has sent a strong message to Brussels in advancing the country’s case for EU membership. The long-running disagreement over what to call ‘the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’ (FYROM) has been an entirely insignificant one. The country has co-existed harmoniously with its neighbour Greece for a quarter of a century, and no territorial or national minority conflict has clouded their relations. The issue of what to call the country has also been resolved in practice: the whole world refers to it as ‘Macedonia’ and will continue to do so regardless of the new name (Republic of North Macedonia) contained in the new agreement. But despite this, in 2017, just twelve days after being sworn in, Nikola Dimitrov, FYROM’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, went to Greece and in a TV interview told the Greek public that the disagreement about the name is “his country’s greatest problem”. It is not. In 2015, fourteen armed men and eight policemen were killed at Kumanovo, near FYROM’s border with Kosovo. The incident shook public opinion in the country, re-igniting memories of 2001, when it stood at the brink of civil war on the issue of the rights of the Albanian minority.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Macedonia Erga Omnes
    Republic of Macedonia erga omnes Jason Miko December 2017 A note about the author: I am not Macedonian. I am an American of Hungarian ethnicity (half) with the rest a European mixture, and I grew up in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. In the fall of 1992, a variety of circumstances conspired to put me into the orbit of the countries of Southeastern Europe. I began working with a firm in Washington, D.C. which represented the country of Croatia, followed, in rapid succession, by Bosnia and Herzegovina and then Kosovo, among other clients. In the spring of 1996, I became acquainted with and involved in Macedonia, and in the summer of 1996 I had an opportunity to travel to Macedonia to live and work for three months. I stayed for seven years, through the middle of 2003 and then spent the majority of the rest of the 2000s there. Since 2010, I have continued going back and forth each year, often several times in a year. In 2009, I produced a documentary film about Macedonia and its name and identity, A Name is a Name, with a team of talented professionals from Macedonia and other European countries. I have written over 625 columns for Macedonian newspapers, magazines, and websites since 2001, and been involved in many other ways that will not be mentioned here for the sake of brevity. Key takeaways ►The current Government of Macedonia, led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), has pledged that they will hold a referendum on the name. As Macedonian Foreign Minister Nikola Dimitrov said this summer, “There will definitely be a referendum.” (Background: the idea of a referendum was introduced by the previous government, led by VMRO-DPMNE.) ►The official Greek position has been reiterated numerous times, stating that the issue must be resolved before Greece lifts its de-facto veto on Macedonia’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or the European Union (EU).
    [Show full text]
  • The Resolution of the Macedonian Name Dispute: A
    THE RESOLUTION OF THE MACEDONIAN NAME DISPUTE: A STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT LED TO THE SIGNING OF THE PRESPA AGREEMENT Asen Voynov [email protected] S2247216 June 2019 Asen Voynov S2247216 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................2 List of Abbreviations...................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Research Question .............................................................................................................5 1.2 Relevance ..........................................................................................................................6 2. Historical Context ...................................................................................................................8 2.1 The Birth of the Macedonian Question ...............................................................................8 2.2 The Birth of a Nation ....................................................................................................... 10 2.3 The Birth of the Name Dispute ........................................................................................ 11 3. Literature Review .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Diplomatic Fairytale Or Geopolitics As Usual: a Critical Perspective on the Agreement Between Athens and Skopje
    In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2018, Baden-Baden 2019, pp. 113-134. Biljana Vankovska A Diplomatic Fairytale or Geopolitics as Usual: A Critical Perspective on the Agreement between Athens and Skopje Background to the Name Dispute and Its Implications The so-called name dispute between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia has had a long and unique trajectory. Since the name dispute is not the focal point of this analysis, we shall only make a brief overview of its essential elements.1 Paradoxically, the dispute was “born” – i.e. politically and legally outlined – rather than resolved by the United Nations (UN) Security Council in the early 1990s. Security concerns for the Balkan region, although highly legitimate at the time, have in the meantime served as a ‘fig leaf’ to conceal the power politics in the region and the Republic of Macedonia. In 2018, when the landscape of the territory of former Yugoslavia is radically different from what it was in the 1990s, this dispute is not only an indication of the impotence and political inertia of the global powers represented in the Security Council. It also shows that the name Macedonia represents much more than what foreign observers dubbed a “ridiculous and absurd” disagreement between two Balkan states. The deep roots of this dispute can be traced back a century, or at least as far as the Greek civil war and the beginning of the Cold War, and the declar- ation of independence in 1991 disturbed long sleeping ghosts. Incapable of dealing with the major conflict in former Yugoslavia, the UN rushed to prevent and resolve at least one (potential) clash.
    [Show full text]
  • 1ST QUARTERLY ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 by Nils Muižnieks
    Strasbourg, 21 March 2018 CommDH(2018)9 1ST QUARTERLY ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 by Nils Muižnieks Commissioner for Human Rights 1 January to 31 March 2018 Presented to the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly CommDH(2018)9 CONTENTS 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................3 2. Missions and Visits ........................................................................................3 3. Reports and continuous dialogue ..................................................................7 4. Themes........................................................................................................11 5. Other meetings ............................................................................................13 6. Human Rights Defenders.............................................................................15 7. Communication and Information work .........................................................16 Appendix ..............................................................................................................18 2 CommDH(2018)9 1. Introduction This document contains a report on activities carried out by the Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Nils Muižnieks, between 1 January and 31 March 2018, date of the end of his six year mandate. 2. Missions and Visits Mission to “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” The Commissioner conducted a follow-up mission to "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” between 29 January and 2 February.
    [Show full text]
  • Progress in Resolving the Greek- Macedonian Name Dispute: Will It Break the Gordian Knot at Last? Erwan Fouéré
    18 June 2018 Progress in resolving the Greek- Macedonian name dispute: Will it break the Gordian knot at last? Erwan Fouéré Some might argue that Macedonia is being asked to pay an unduly heavy price simply for the sake of starting EU accession negotiations, while others will believe that the Agreement reached last weekend is well worth that price. f all the many bilateral disputes that continue to cast a shadow over the Western Balkan region, none is more symbolic of the deep-rooted legacy of history and the O politics of identity and nationalism that pervade the region than the dispute that has divided the two neighbouring countries, Greece and Macedonia, for decades and more recently since the latter’s independence in 1991 following the break-up of the former Yugoslavia. Greece, whose northern province is also called Macedonia, used every opportunity to make clear its objection to what it perceived as the appropriation by Macedonia of the heritage of Alexander the Great, and what it called its “irredentist behaviour”. Macedonia’s admission to the UN under the provisional name of the “former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” was blocked for over a year until 1993. The Interim Agreement of 1995 lifted the 20-month Greek blockade against Macedonia and committed both sides to continue negotiations under UN auspices and enjoined Greece from blocking Macedonia’s application for membership in other international bodies as long as it did so under the provisional name. Under the patient guidance of the UN mediator Matthew Nimetz appointed in 1995, various attempts were made over the years to find a compromise solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Name Dispute Between Greece and Macedonia
    PREFACE NAME DISPUTE BETWEEN GREECE AND MACEDONIA STUDENT PROJECT) ( Editors: Svetomir Shkaric Dimitar Apasiev Vladimir Patchev Matica Makedonska Skopje, 2009 1 NAME DISPUTE BETWEEN GREECE AND MACEDONIA (STUDENT PROJECT) Published by Matica Ì àêåäî nska [email protected] About the Publisher Rade Siljan Project Leaders Prof. Svetomir Shkaric Ph.D. Prof. Tatjana Petrushevska Ph.D. Editors Svetomir Shkaric Dimitar Apasiev Vladimir Patchev Printed by Makedonija The student project “Name dispute between Greece and Macedonia” was approved by the Teachers’ Council of the Faculty of Law “Iustinianus Primus” from Skopje, with the Resolution No. 02-300/6 from May 05, 2008. 2 PREFACE I had the chance to see works of Macedonian art, beautiful icons and ceramics from Ohrid and other places. I am especially touched by the survival of Macedonia, which has been surrounded by stronger neighbors for centuries… Martin Bernal April 2009 3 NAME DISPUTE BETWEEN GREECE AND MACEDONIA (STUDENT PROJECT) 4 PREFACE CONTENTS P R E F A C E ...................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ATTRACTIVENESS OF MACEDONIA TO STUDENT SPIRIT...................................................................................... 17 M A C E D O N I A ................................................................................... 19 PART ONE DISPUTE OVER THE NAME MACEDONIA WITH GREECE ........................................................................................ 23 1 HISTORICAL DIMENSION OF THE
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonia's Foreign Policy in 2018
    ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 3, No. 4 (MK) January 2018 Macedonia External Relations briefing: Macedonia’s Foreign Policy in 2018 Anastas Vangeli 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu Macedonia’s Foreign Policy in 2018 In its first year in power, the government of SDSM has been unexpectedly pro-active in foreign affairs. One of the central political narratives deployed by the new government has been the mission to restore Macedonia’s international reputation, and to bring Macedonia back on the path of the double integration in the EU and NATO. These objectives have been described not only as strategic orientations, but urgent for the survival and success of Macedonia as a country. Hence, the Prime Minister Zoran Zaev and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikola Dimitrov (an experienced diplomat formerly of VMRO-DPMNE) have had an intense foreign policy agenda, with frequent meetings with their counterparts from abroad, which have dominated the news cycle in the country. Other officials, such as the Minister of Defense Radmila Shekerinska have had a pronounced diplomatic activity as well. Some of the more notable developments in this period have also happened in the domain of foreign affairs – such as the agreement on good neighborly relations between Bulgaria and Macedonia. Overall, the Macedonian government has tried to project a “cooperative” image on the international stage, which has been generally welcomed by the West. The trend of pro-active Macedonian diplomacy is expected to continue, and perhaps even intensify in 2018, especially with regards to the name dispute.
    [Show full text]
  • HE Nikola Dimitrov
    We cordially invite you to a talk with subsequent discussion given by H.E. Nikola Dimitrov Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje » The Western Balkans after the Settlement of the Name Dispute – Accomplishments, Challenges, Perspectives « Tuesday, 14 May 2019, 18.30 German Bundestag, Paul-Löbe-Haus (PLH), Europasaal, 4.900 / Entrance South, Paul-Löbe-Allee 2, Berlin Languages: The minister will speak in English, the following debate will be held in German – both with simultaneous translation Opening / Welcome Manuel Sarrazin, MP, Spokesperson for Central and Eastern Europe of the Parliamentary Group of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, Vice President of the Southeast Europe Association, Chairman of the Parliamentary Group of the Union of European Federalists (Europa-Union). Keynote Nikola Dimitrov was appointed foreign minister of North Macedonia in May 2017. He is considered the main architect of the Prespa Agreement signed with Greece in June 2018 which ended the decade long ‘name dispute’ between the two neighbors. The talk and the subsequent discussion will focus on the following questions: What challenges does North Macedonia now face after the settlement of the ‘name dispute’? What are the expectations and perspectives regarding the EU accession process, both for North Macedonia as well as the neighboring countries? What chances and risks exist for the settlement of other bilateral conflicts in the region, for example between Serbia and Kosovo? The event will be chaired by Adelheid Wölfl, Southeast Europe Correspondent, Der Standard, Sarajevo. After the event, we kindly invite you to a small reception. Please note that you need your identity card or passport to enter the Paul-Löbe-Haus.
    [Show full text]
  • North Macedonia: in Brief
    North Macedonia: In Brief May 29, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45739 SUMMARY R45739 North Macedonia: In Brief May 29, 2019 The United States has supported North Macedonia since its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 and strongly backs its European Union (EU) and NATO ambitions. (The country’s Sarah E. Garding constitutional name was the Republic of Macedonia until February 2019, when it was renamed Analyst in Balkan and the Republic of North Macedonia.) On multiple occasions, the United States played a key role in Southeast Europe Affairs defusing political crises and interethnic tensions in North Macedonia. For more than two decades, a U.S. diplomat led United Nations–brokered negotiations between Greece and then-Macedonia to resolve their bilateral dispute over the latter’s use of the name Macedonia. With strong U.S. support, in 2018 North Macedonia and Greece reached the landmark Prespa Agreement, which resulted in the name change and resolved their bilateral dispute. Many Members of Congress have supported North Macedonia’s integration into Euro-Atlantic institutions. In 2007, the NATO Freedom Consolidation Act (P.L. 110-17) was passed to affirm congressional support for enlargement and make North Macedonia eligible for assistance under the NATO Participation Act of 1994. Resolutions were also sponsored in both chambers in 2018 to support the Prespa Agreement with Greece and endorse North Macedonia’s bid for NATO membership. Congressional interest in North Macedonia is also connected to broader policy concerns over the influence of Russia, China, and other external actors in the Western Balkans. In 2017, North Macedonia emerged from a destabilizing two-year crisis with a new government that pledged to redouble the country’s Euro-Atlantic integration efforts and enact reforms to tackle the corruption and state capture that took root under previous governments.
    [Show full text]