VALLEY FOLK THE ROMANCE AND ENTERPRISE OF A TEXTILE STRONGHOLD

BY ERNEST LOCKWOOD

WITH A FOREWORD BY THE RT. HON. THE VISCOUNT SNOWDEN

HEATH CRANTON LIMITED 6 FLEET LANE LONDON, E.C.4 19~6 First published in 1936

Printed in Great Britain for Heath Cranton Limited l,y Northumberland Press Limited, Newcastle on Tyne FOREWORD

BY THE RT. HoN. THE V1scouNT SNOWDEN

THE Folk are typically . I know no part of the West Riding where the sterling qualities of a moorland race have been better preserved. The old dialect still survives in spite of the efforts of a State school­ ing to give speech an alien twist. The population maintain a spirit of sturdy independence of thought and action characteristic of all peoples who breathe the air which has swept over wide regions of moor and heather. I represented the constituency in Parliament for nine years. When I was invited to become a candidate for the Division I accepted the invitation because I knew I should be going among my own folk. I had a very happy time among them. Yorkshiremen are proverbially clannish. They have good reasons to regard themselves as the back­ bone of in more senses than one. The hills and valleys of the Pennine range have always been a centre of political activity. Colne Valley has a proud history of association with all the political movements of the last century. It sent its contingent to Peterloo. It led the Luddite rising. It was a hot-bed of Chartist agitation. 5 6 FOREWORD It formed its political Labour Union before the came into existence. The rise and development of the Colne Valley to the position of perhaps the largest woollen ·manufacturing centre in the world, is in a large measure due to the grit of its people. The Manufacturers and Spinners are a race of " self-made men," but they have not become a class apart from the rest of the population. It is most important, for historical reasons, that the records of such a district should be preserved, and the writer of this volume has rendered a valuable service in producing this story of its past which is within his own recollection. He has special qualifications for writing such a book. His life has been spent in roaming about the Valley picking up unconsidered trifles which make the social life of the people. The volume will be of interest to readers far beyond the stone cottages on the bleak and rugged hill­ sides of the Valley. AUTHOR'S PREFACE

IN 1928, I ventured to place on record in the Examiner (on which paper I have been pleased to serve for twenty-three years) some impressions of my (then) twenty­ five years' service in journalism in the Colne Valley. I had no idea that these impressions would create the amount of interest that I was assured they did, and many influential people urged me to publish more fully my reminiscences in some more permanent form. For various reasons the task was not embarked upon until quite recently, when a valued friend and former colleague, Mr. William Linton Andrews (" W.L.A."), Editor of the Mercury, who is well known to radio listeners for his fortnightly broadcast of "~ews of the North," urged me to undertake the work. My employers readily fell in with the suggestion and gave me full liberty to use anything which had appeared in the Examiner, a concession that I greatly appreciate. Much of the matter has had to be revised and brought down to date, and a great deal of new information has been included. The photograph of the mill scene at , which appears on the wrapper, I have been able to use by the kind permission of the Leeds }.,fercury. Many friends have assisted me in various ways, and to them I tender my sincere thanks. E.L. 1

CONTENTS Pase FOREWORD BY VISCOUNT SNOWDEN • • • 5 AUTHOR'S PREFACE • • • • • 7 Chapter

I. INTRODUCTORY • • • • • II

II. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT • • • • 16 (a) THE CROWTHER FAMILY • • • 18 (b) JOHN EDWARD CROWTHER'S GENEROSITY • 23 (c) STORY OF THE FIRTHS • • • 26 (d) A LONG RECORD • • • • 31 (e) BACK TO 1793 • • • • 33 (I) THE FIRM OF MALLINSON • • • 37 (g) TITUS CALVERLEY AND SONS LTD. • • 40 (h) JOB BEAUMONT AND SON LTD •• • • 41 (,) LOCKWOODS OF • • • 44 (i) PEARSON BROS. LTD. • • • • 48 (k) SHIRES' S YARN • • • • 49 (l) HOYLES' RAPID GROWTH • • • 52 (m) LOCKWOODS OF AND MILNSBRIDGE • 55 (n) HIRST AND MALLINSON LTD. • • • 57 (o) TWO PROSPEROUS FIRMS • • • 59 (p) SPINNING CO. LTD. • • 60 (q) GLOBE WORSTED CO. LTD. • • • 63 (r) POGSON AND CO. • • • • 64 (s) BEN HALL AND SON LTD. • • • 65 (t) JOHN W. LEITCH AND CO. LTD •• • • 66 (u) A CONCLUDING WORD • • • • 67 (v) A BIG CUSTOMER • • • 70 9 10 CONTENTS

Chapter Page III. POLITICAL CHANGES • • • • 72 (a) A MEMORABLE BY-ELECTION • • • 76 (h) A LIBERAL REVIVAL • • • • 78 (c) COMING OF MR. SNOWDEN • • • 82 (ti) VISITS OF SUFFRAGETTES • • • 90 (e) RECORD OF ELECTIONS • • • 92

IV. LocAL GovERNMENT • • • • 95 (a) PROMINENT PEOPLE • • • • 105 ( b) SEVERE LOSSES • • • • 109 (c) EDUCATIONAL MATTERS • • • III

v. WIDESPREAD CHANGES • • • • 116

(a) MARSDEN • • • • • 116 (b) SLAITHW AITE • • • • • 119 (c) GOLCAR • • • • • 121 (a) LINTHWAITE • • • • • 124

(e) MILNSBRIDG E • • • • 127 (/) • • • • 130 (g) LONGWOOD • • • • • 131

VI. RoYAL V 1s1Ts • • • • • 134 VII. NoRTH REGIONAL TRANSMITTER • • • 139

VIII. AMONG THE CHURCHES • • • • 142

IX. WAR-TIME MEMORIES • • • • 146 x. SoME INTERESTING CHARACTERS • • • 149 XI. EMBARRASSING EXPERIENCES • • • • 153

XII. Music AND THE DRAMA • • • • 156

XIII. A MooRLAND MYSTERY . • • • 162

XIV. GREAT STORM OF 1904 • • • • 167

xv. SPORTING REMINISCENCES • • • • 170

INDEX • • • • • • 181 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTORY

WHEN writing about the Colne Valley we ought to be clear on what exactly the term means. As generally understood Colne Valley is that part of the district which lies on each side of the River Colne, and stretches from the top of Standedge on the Pennine Chain above Marsden, to Huddersfield, and includes the townships of Marsden, Slaithwaite, Linthwaite, Golcar, , and the district of Milnsbridge, which is partly in Linthwaite, partly in Golcar, and partly in the borough of Hudders­ field. Bordering Milnsbridge are the districts of Paddock, Longwood, and Crosland Moor, which are within the borough of Huddersfield. The population of the com­ bined district at the 1931 census was 30,799, made up as follows: Marsden, 5,723, Slaithwaite, 5,181, Linthwaite, 9,689, Golcar, 9,812, Scammonden, 394. For political purposes, however, the Colne Valley takes on a much wider meaning. The Parliamentary constitu­ ency includes the area mentioned and also all the townships in the , the Valley, and the Tame Valley, known as Saddleworth. It is one of the largest and most widely scattered divisions in the country. The electorate at the General Election of November 1935, numbered 55,739, of which 25,560 were men, and 30,179 were women voters. The population of the adjoining town of Huddersfield in 1931 was 113,475. II 12 COLNE VALLEY FOLK The district is noted for its production of vast quantities of medium tweeds for the multiple shops, and is rightly regarded as one of the most important woollen manufactur­ ing areas in the world. Other writers have dealt with the subject from a purely historical point of view, and I have no wish to trespass on their preserves. I hope to show, however, how the woollen textile industry has developed from small beginnings, the changes that have taken place in the political history of the di vision, and in local govern­ ment, together with other features of the life of the people of this important area. Almost without exception, as the following pages will tell, the great captains of industry began their operation!s in a small way, in many cases com­ bining manufacturing on the old hand-looms with farming on primitive lines. My own grandfather, William Brad­ bury, of Highhouse, Linthwaite, was one of these, and I can remember watching my mother winding bobbins in readiness for the weaver. It is in such a district that I work as a journalist, and in which I first saw the light of day. I have now been in journalism for thirty-three years, for I took up my first appointment on the C olne Valley Guardian, at Slaithwaite, in January 1903. I remained there for a little more than ten years, and on May 5th, 1913, I took over my present position of Colne Valley representative for the Hudders­ field Examiner. But I am getting ahead of my story. Before I was eleven I was working half-time in a textile factory, going to the mill in the 1!1orning and school in the after­ noon one week, and reversing the process in the following week. At the age of thirteen I went straight on as a full­ time worker. My earliest recollections of schooling were that I had a burning desire, not to attend the Linthwaite Wesleyan Day School, near to which I lived, but to go to the private academy then held at Flathouse by the late William Sykes, who lived to be ninety-five! But to the INTRODUCTORY Wesleyan School I had to go under the tutorship at various times of Mr. Bywater, Mr. Quintrell, and Mr. W. S. Reynolds. Other teachers who did their best for me, even if I did not appreciate it as I might have done, were the two Misses Eastwood, Miss Carter, and Miss Shaw. I have no idea whether any of these good people are still living, but if so, and these lines catch their eyes, I now wish to apologize for all the trouble I gave them, and to thank them for the manner in which they persevered with a not always too willing pupil. Even so far back evening school work was attempted by the day school managers, and I remember learning there the rudiments of shorthand, but for the life of me I cannot recall anything I was taught regarding woodwork, which class was held in a cottage at Causeway Side. My close pal as a boy was John Bower, son of William Bower, of Upper Clough, Linthwaite. Another school chum, Joe Stephen­ son, after holding a number of important appointments, rose to the position of Director of Education in Trivandrum, India. He died with tragic suddenness on his way home in 1930, at the early age of fifty-two. School was finished for me and I was a full-time textile worker when circumstances necessitated our family removing to Milnsbridge. The idea was apparently so distasteful to me that I went from home at Linthwaite to my work at Ramsden Mill, about a mile and a half away, one morning, and thence to my new home at Milnsbridge in the evening, without previously having been to see the place! However, events proved that I was to settle down there, and if Linthwaite Methodist Church and Sunday School did me any good, Milnsbridge Methodist Church and School have had the benefit. From my earliest recollections I wanted to be a reporter, but how to attain my heart's desire was almost beyond my comprehension. I made many friends in the factory, some of them of a lasting character. Names crowd on me as I COLNE VALLEY FOLK write, but I can mention only a few. I know that Joah Singleton and Oliver Singleton were the tuners, Arthur Singleton the designer, my uncle, Simeon Quarmby, was warping over looker, Fred Schofield the chief, spinner, and Fred Singleton, a brother of the others named, also worked there. The firm was Whitwam and Co., of which Arthur Whitwam was the principal, and was joined by his son, Edward, now of Spofforth. William Livesey was blender at the time, members of the Tiffany family the engine tenders, and Coopers the dyers. I worked as bobbin winder, warping clerk, and warper, and in busy times I and others used to fill in the usual meal half-hours by minding the twisting frames, so that no time was lost while the twisters were at meals, and also carry on from 5.30 to 8 p.m. We had to get our own meals while working 1 Overtime brought us in-how well I remember the figure-five shillings and twopence halfpenny a week, and we were passing rich on that 1 I used to think all this was wasted time in view of my craving for newspaper work, but my mind was set at ease when the late Jonathan Holroyd, a woollen manufacturer, of Slaithwaite, with whom I came much in contact later, pointed out how valuable the ex­ perience would be to one doing journalistic work in an industrial district like the Colne Valley. Never truer words were spoken, and they gave me much encouragement. I ought to add that when I started working, before I was actually eleven years old, Fred Holroyd and John Richard Whiteley, who were a little older than myself, used to kindly call for me and escort me to the mill each morning I Before I entered journalism, however, there came an opportunity for a very valuable four years' experience in the commercial office of Alfred Jubb and Son Ltd., printers, book-binders, and manufacturing stationers, at Albany Works, St. John's Road, Huddersfield. That gave me an insight into the working of the printing press, familiarized INTRODUCTORY me with trade terms, and enabled me to develop my short­ hand and typewriting. The secretary and cashier, John W. G. Coombs, was a great help to me. It was there also that I met Edward French, the eminent Huddersfield entertainer, and we became firm friends. Mr. French was supposed to be learning the craft of a lithographic artist, but more often than not found himself assisting us in the office. Like myself he was destined to move on, and he made his name in a very different sphere.

~., CHAPTER TWO

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

INDUSTRIAL development has been synonymous with the growth of the Colne Valley in other directions. Without the one there could hardly have been the other. The expan­ sion of the woollen industry, with the building of the huge mills that we know to-day, has brought prosperity to the valley, and the former sparsely populated villages and ham­ lets have become important townships in themselves. In many places there is still to be seen evidence of the old hand-loom weaving days in the homesteads with their long and narrow windows, stretching from end to end of the upper storey. Not only weaving but mending and hurling the pieces was done in the homes of these early pioneers. But the story of the birth of the industry has been well told by D. F. E. Sykes in" The History of the Colne Valley," and it finds a place in Phyllis Bentley's novel, " Inheritance." So there is no need for me to repeat it here. It may not be generally known, by the way, that Phyllis Bentley's parents have connections with the Huddersfield district. She tells me that her mother's uncle was Benjamin Hanson, who for many years owned Cliffe End Mills, Longwood. For the purpose of her novel, Miss Bentley visited the Colne Valley and obtained local colour at Marsden. In succeeding chapters I propose to describe the rise of lO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 17 the big concerns that have had such an influence on the prosperity of the Colne Valley. All the information given has been authenticated by the firms themselves, and may therefore be taken as official. I am indebted to all those concerned for the unfailing courtesy with which I have been received, and for the ready help that has been afforded me in compiling the chapters relating to industry in the Valley. It must not be inferred that all the credit for the progress is due to the employers. The workpeople in the Colne Valley are among the best in the world, and without their co-operation the success attained could never have been reached. I have lived and worked among them all my life, and I have had every opportunity of studying them from close quarters. There are exceptions to every rule, but in this regard they are in an overwhelming minority. The workers in Colne Valley want work, not doles, and they take a real pride in their work. Their interests have been watched over by the National Union of Textile Workers, the Amalgamated Society of Dyers, Bleachers, Finishers, and Kindred Trades, and the Operative Bleachers, Dyers, and Finishers Association (Bolton Amalgamation). When these pages were in the press, a scheme for the amalgamation of all three bodies was under consideration. Sir Ben Turner, Arthur Shaw, , and Harris Hoyle have been prominent officials of the textile workers in Huddersfield and District, and Councillor Thomas Beattie of Linthwaite is now the secretary. The Co-operative movement has also proved of inestim­ able benefit to the working classes in the district, but space will not allow of more than a ·mere mention of the fact. The Slaithwaite Society is the largest organization in the area, with branches in many districts. Joel Crowther, who retired in 1933, had thirty-nine years in the service of this B 18 COLNE VALLEY FOLK Society, and was general manager when he retired. His son, W. E. Crowther, is now the secretary, and James E. Sykes the manager. At Marsden Harry Tinker has been on the committee for thirty-five years, and a member of the com­ mittee of the Huddersfield District Co-operative Association for twenty-six years. He has also been a Methodist local preacher for forty-six years. Both the Golcar and Scape­ goat Hill Societies have celebrated their jubilees, and the Golcar Central Working Men's Society is still going strong. The. Milnsbridge Perseverance Society celebrated its jubilee 1n 1923.

(a) THE CROWTHER FAMILY

Among all the families concerned in the development of the woollen industry in Colne Valley, that of Crowther must take prominence because of the many off-shoots that have sprung from the original founder, John Crowther, a Golcar man, who started business in 1840 at Lees Mill, Golcar. There he had four sets of carding machines and mules to follow. The yarn was taken to various houses in the district to weave on the old hand-looms. In 1863 his sons, Joseph, William and Elon, were taken into the busi­ ness. Two years later, in 1865, John Crowther died. In 1867 th,e business was moved to Bank Bottom Mills, Marsden, and was carried on as John Crowther and Sons, by the three sons, until 1871, when William and Elon retired to establish the firm of W. and E. Crowther Ltd. This firm was founded at Fall Lane Mills, Marsden, but in 1874 Crimble Mills, Golcar, came into the market, and were purchased by the firm. The partnership between William and Elon was dissolved in 1881, when the latter, along with Alfred Sykes, took over the business of Joseph Sykes and Co., Rock Mills, . William Crowther INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 19 continued the business at Crimble Mills, which was con­ verted into a private limited company in 1899. William Crowther was chairman, and associated with him were his sons Ramsden H. and W. Alfred, and his son-in-law, H. S. Walker, son of the late Charles Walker, of Lindley. In 1902 the company purchased Brook Mills, Crimble, which had previously been owned and occupied by George Haigh and Sons, and the business is still carried on at these two mills. The firm have twenty-eight carding sets, and two hundred looms, and were the first in the district to adopt electric driving for their mills. The present directors are Ramsden H. Crowther, W. Alfred Crowther, A. G. Crowther, J. M. Crowther, and H. C. Walker (son of the late H. S. Walker). Mr. W. Alfred Crowther represented the Wool Textile Industry on the British Government Trade Mission to the Far East in 1930-31, and is at present the president of the Huddersfield Royal Infirmary. Meanwhile the business of John Crowther and Sons was carried on by Joseph Crowther alone at Marsden until 1882, when the youngest brother, John Edward, was taken into partnership. In 1883 the firm acquired from E. and G. Dyson Bros. their concern at Union Mills, Milnsbridge, and from the executors of the late James Sykes the business at Stanley Mills, Milnsb.ridge. At Union Mills they had at first fourteen sets of carding machines and sixty looms. In 1901 Joseph and John Edward Crowther dissolved the partnership in John Crowther and Sons, Joseph Crowther taking over John Crowther and Sons, and John Edward Crowther taking over the Marsden Mill Co. Ltd. Joseph Crowther took his son, David Stoner Crowther (the present ·managing director) and Sir Charles Sykes into partnership. At that time the firm had twenty-eight sets of carding machines and one hundred and twenty looms. Sir Charles Sykes was, in 1917, appointed director of the Wool Textile 20 COLNE VALLEY FOLK Production, and chairman of the Board of Control of Worsted and Woollen Trades, and retired from the business. The business had now grown to such an extent that the firm had sixty-six carding machines and five hundred and eighty-four looms. In 1926 Sir Charles Sykes rejoined the firm as sales director. Other changes took place, and the present directors are D. Stoner Crowther, Alec S. Crowther, J. Leonard Crowther, J. Hilton Crowther-well known for his connection with Association football, first with Hudders­ field Town and then with Leeds United--Sir Charles Sykes, Bart., and James Vogel, of Czechoslovakia. The factory now covers about fourteen acres, and the whole of the estate about twenty-eight acres. The total floor area is 101,000 square yards. Owing to increased efficiency the number of carding machines have been reduced to fifty-five, but the number of looms remains the same. The firm employs from one thousand eight hundred and fifty to nineteen hundred work-people. They deal solely with the wholesale trade, making tweeds and sports cloth for men's wear, also overcoatings, and piece dyes tweeds for the ladies trade. On Wednesday, June 24th, 1931, the firm made history by setting up a record, in conjunction with Prices Ltd., Tailors, Leeds, for making a suit of clothes direct from sheep to wearer, in the remarkable time of two hours and ten minutes. I have lively recollections of the effort, for I followed the various processes through the mill. The effort was the result of a challenge thrown out by Sir Malcolm Campbell to British manufacturers to attempt to break the record of six hours and four minutes set up in Pennsylvania by Thomas Kitson, a Bradford man. In fact, a firm had beaten this record a few days earlier, also in conjunction with Messrs. Prices, but their time was three hours and twenty and a half minutes. The timing at Milnsbridge was done by influential officials, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 21 including Lady Campbell. Among those present were D. Stoner Crowther, Alec S. Crowther, Sir Charles Sykes, and Arthur Shaw, secretary of the National Union of Textile Workers, who told me afterwards how impressed he had been with the whole-heartedness with which the operatives had entered into the spirit of the occasion. For the task twelve Southdown sheep were taken to the mill, and were shorn by seven expert shearers from Derbyshire. Great enthusiasm and excitement prevailed during the race against the clock, and there was tremendous cheering when the task was accomplished. Ninety-four work­ people of the firm and forty employees of Messrs. Price handled the cloth, although only four yards were required. Various machines were speeded up for the test, but none was moved, or some minutes could have been saved. Alec Crowther paid a glowing tribute to the workers for their whole-hearted support. My own impression was that they enjoyed it as well as anybody, and I still carry a vivid im­ pression of one youth whose duty it was to race from one part of the mills to another with the cloth, through cheer­ ing crowds. In recognition of the success, the employees were given an outing to Blackpool, as they were at a later date, after honouring D. Stoner Crowther's sixtieth birthday. Joseph Crowther die-d following a motor accident at Slaithwaite on Sunday, June 11th, 1905, and John Edward Crowther who had become recognized as the proprietor of the largest woollen manufacturing business in the world, owned and controlled by one man, died on July 4th, 1931, so that all four brothers have now passed away. John Edward Crowther made remarkable progress in his business at Marsden, and was constantly extending and enlarging his mill premises, until, when in full work, he employed nearly two thousand workers at Bank Bottom Mills, Fall Lane Mills, and Ready Carr Mills. The firm of Crowther, Bruce and Co. Ltd., New Mills, Marsden, with which 22 COLNE VALLEY FOLK he was also connected, and of which he had sole control at the time of his death, when fully employed, found work for seven hundred employees. He assumed this full control on the retirement of the late Edward James B,ruce. Former directors of this firm also were the late Herbert Denton and the late George Crowther, the latter a nephew of J.E. Crowther. Philip D. Crowther, son of J.E. Crowther, is now the sole director of the large concern at Bank Bottom Mills, and he and Tom Whiteley are the directors of Crowther, Bruce and Co. Ltd. also of the Colne Valley Spinning Co. Ltd., Linthwaite, which was founded by J. E. Crowther. These mills were built in 1912, about the time of the sinking of the Titanic, and the mills are known locally as the Titanic. Originally W. and E. Crowther Ltd., and Crowther, Bruce and Co. Ltd., were associated with this Spinning Co .., which was used as an auxiliary firm for scribbling and spinning. Their Majesties King George and Queen Mary paid a visit to Bank Bottom Mills on May 30th, 1918, and saw some of the processes of manu­ facture in actual operation. Tom Whiteley, who was formerly the Overseer of the Poor for Marsden, was for a long period the confidential representative of the late John Ed. Crowther, and through him was in a position to relieve any case of genuine hardship that existed in the township. He was a member of the Marsden Urban District Council from 1914 to 1929, and was chairman in 1923-4-5. He also represented the Council on the Upper Agbrigg Assessment Committee for many years, being due to retire from the position in April 1936. It may be of interest to state that the floor space of Bank Bottom Mills covers 57,592 square yards, Fall Lane Mills 10,700 square yards, Ready Carr Mills 14,677 square yards, Crowther, Bruce and Co.'s Mills 32,087 square yards, and Colne Valley Spinning Co. 22,691 square yards. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 23 At Bank Bottom Mills, Marsden, forty-three sets of carding machines and six hundred and eighty looms are in use, and at Crowther, Bruce and Co.'s mills, thirty-two sets of machines and two hundred and sixty looms. Thirty carding machines are in use at Fall Lane Mills, and thirty- . six sets at the Colne Valley Spinning Co.' s mill at Linth­ waite, making in all one hundred and forty-one sets of machines, and nine hundred and forty looms.

(b) JOHN EDWARD CROWTHER'S GENEROSITY

It is safe to say that largely through the inspiration and financial help of John Edward Crowther, backed by other public-spirited men, the whole face of Marsden was trans­ formed during the past thirty years. He distributed large! y of his wealth in the township, and always disdained to have his name mentioned in connection with his generous gifts. Two outstanding instances of his forethought, linked with his boundless generosity, were the founding of the magni­ ficent Sports Grounds at Hemplow, on the edge of the bracing moors, which overlook the township, and the equally beautiful transformation in the centre of the village, due to what is known as the Church Lane Improvement Scheme, which latter scheme was completed in 1929. Largely at Mr. Crowther's instigation, and with his generous financial support, a small committee of Marsden gentlemen purchased about seventy acres of land on the verge of the Wessenden Valley, a favourite srot for ramblers. Four farms and cottage property, and the Moor­ cock, which was then a licensed house, were purchased, and the land was laid out as a cricket-field, golf-links, bowling­ green and tennis-courts. The estate is managed by a local body known as the Marsden Recreation Trust, of which COLNE VALLEY FOLK Mr. Crowther was president from its foundation. He was also president of the Marsden Golf Club. The licence of the Moorcock was done away with, and the place is now used as a Refreshment House. The Church Lane scheme entailed the purchase and demolition of a large hall and cottage property, and the replacement of an old, narrow, and tortuous cart road by a magnificent thoroughfare lead­ ing from Station Road, through Town Gate, to the Road. Mr. Crowther gave the whole cost of this scheme and the extension of the Parish Church Burial Ground adjoining, which has given a delightful frontage to the church and the churchyard. Mr. and Mrs. Crowther also provided the Lych Gate to the churchyard, and Mr. Crowther was responsible for the largest bell when the peal was installed in the church tower. He gave the site of the new British Legion club, at Grange, and there is sufficient land in the gift for the provision of bowling-green and tennis-courts. He also gave a large contribution towards the erection of the new Congregational Church. From time to time Mr. Crowther gave various sums for the augmentation of the living of the Parish Church, and a generous gift for a similar object at Paddock Parish Church. In connection with the Church Lane Improvement Scheme, he gave the Marsden Church authorities a consider­ able sum for the old infants school building, which had to be pulled down, with the suggestion that the money should go towards the provision of the new Parochial Hall. It would be well nigh impossible to tabulate a list of all Mr. Crowther's gifts, which have been made irrespective of sect, creed, or political colour. All that he asked was to know that a real need existed. He was associated with the late E. J. Bruce, the late Samuel Firth, and the late Arthur Robinson, in the gift of the site for the pretty little public park, and that of the War INDEX

ACKROYD, T. E., SS Bamforth, David, 145 Addy, G., I 14 \ --, Frank, 107 --, Mellor, 128, 132 --, Hubert, 107 Ainley, Dilys, 43-4 --, Joe, 69 --, Percy, 43-4 --, John, 107, 110 -, w. l-l., 43 --, Richard, 27 Airedale, Lord, 72 --, Tom, 75, 110, 111 Alston, J. H., 145 --, Willie, 110 Anders, 0. L., 64 Barrett, George, 158 Andrews, ,v. L., 7 Bates, Leslie, 108 ApperJey, E. P., So Baxter, F. W., 158 Armitage, Arthur, 110, 157 --, J. R., 108 -- Bros. Ltd., 68 Beardsall, E., 110 --, Clement, 161 Beattie, Thomas, 17, 75 --, Mrs. Arthur, 111 Beaumont, Alfred, 41 --, Mrs. F. R., 144 --, Charles, 42-3 --, Mrs. H. G., 80 --, Enoch, 41 Armstrong, Luther, 52 --, Enos, 41-3, 131 Austwick, George, 121 --, Geo. Ed., 161 --, Geo. Ernest, 129 BAGLEY, JOHN, 106, I 19, 148 --, Hennon, 110 Bagnall, Capt. W. G., 72, 87, 92, --, H. F., 92 94 --, James, 110 Bailey, D. J., 108, III, 127 --,. Job, 41-~ --, James, 69 --, Joe, 43 --, John, 107, 110 --, John, 41-2 Bailly-Ancion Ltd., 68 --, Leonard H., 43-4 Balmforth, Owen, 75 --, Rev. L., 29 181 INDEX

Beaumont, Walter, 42-3 Brook's Smithy, 126 Beilby, A., 114 Bruce, Edward J., 22, 24, 52, Bennison, Ernest, 79 106, 118, 138, 144 Bentley, Phyllis, 16 Bruce-Glasier, Mr. and Mrs., 74 Birkhead, Supt., 135 Bruzaud, Dr., 80 Blatchford, Robert, 75 Buckley, Henry, 163-6 Boardman, Robt., So Buckstones, 162-4 Booth, Joshua, 110 Buller, Rev. R., 143 --, Miss M. E., 80 Burnplatters, the, 140 --, Mrs. J. J., 80 Burton, Sir Montague, 70 Bottom, J. E., 112 Bower, John, 13 CALLOW, DR. c., 108 --, J. S., III Calverley, Fred, 57, 58 --, William, 13 --, James, 40 Boyd-Carpenter, Capt., 80, 93 --, J. H. M., 40 Bradbury, Captain G. R. G., 148 --, Titus, 40 --, Thomas, 149 --, Titus W., 40 --, William, 12 --, William, 40 Bramley, P.C., 135 Campbell, Lady, 21 Bradley, J. A., 108 --, Sir Malcolm, 20 Brearley, Crowther, 132 Carlyle, Dr., 116-17 --, Eli, 132 Carrow, R. B., 84, 93 --, George, 132 Carter, Eli, 108 --, Joe, 132 --, Miss, 13 --, Sam, 132 Chappell, R., M.B.E., 57, 80, Brierley, J., 61, 63 108, I 12, I 14 Bright, John, 73 Clappison, James, 129 --, Philip, 73, 77, 91, 93 Clay, Tom H., 159 Broadbent family, 34-7, 132 Cock, John A., 108 Brooke, John A., 80 --, William, 110 --, Sir T., 92 Collinge, J. T., 161 --, Thomas, 80, 83, 93 Collins, H., 113, 159 --, William, 137, 165 --, Rev. H., 111 Brook, Fred, 80, 84, 93, 114 Cotton, Albert E., 110 --, Harold, 132 --, James, 107 --, Harry, 108 --, Tom, 145 --, Lewis, 130 Cook, E. C., 113 --, Wilson, 75 Colne Valley Soldiers' Fund, 148 INDEX Court Leet, 95 Dyson, Hezekiah, 130 Crabtree, Edgar W., 79, 110-11 --, H. L., 145 --, Edward, 79 --, Joe, 108, 110 Crimea Road, 141 --, John Andrew, 132, 145 Crofton, Morgan G., 87, 94 --, J. w., 106 Crossley, ~iajor J. H., 69 --, R. H., 130 Crowe, J. T., 58 --,. Samuel, 158 Crowther, Alfred, 60 --, Ambrose, 108 EAGLAND, DAVID, 61 --, Arnold, 60 --., E. E., 120, 139 --, Elon, Westwood, 59-60 -, J. A. H., 145 -- family, 18, 163 --, L. H., 157, 158 --, Fred, 41 Eastwood, Miss, I 28-9 --, Herbert, 79 --, Misses, 13 --, Joe, C.C., 112 --, Mr. and Mrs. Joe, 137 --, Joel, 17 --, Percy, 109 --, L, 0.B.E., 79 --, Sam, 75, 110 --, Oliver, 43 --, Tom, 138, 159 --, Percy, C.A., 80, 112 --, William, 108, I 10, 121 --, Wm. Henry, 41 Ellam, Stanley, 106 Curtis, Arthur, 106 Ellis, J. H., 130

DALBY, JOHN, 113 FAIRFOOT, N., 70-1 Dartmouth, Lord, 120, 139 Falconer, W., 113 Davenport, Mrs., 111 Farrington, M., 75 Dawson, Dan, Bros. Ltd., 66 Ferrior, J. T., 113, 136 --, W. N., 55 Fielding, J. A., 117 --, w. w., 110 --, Thos., 117 Day, L., 108 Firth family, 24, 144 Dean, Dr. E., 107, 110 Firth, J. H., 166 Dearnley, J., 106 --, Joel M., 75 Dempster, A. J., 114 --, w. J., 128, 129 Denton, Herbert, 22, 80, 107, Fisher, C. H., 110 110, 138 --, Edward, 122 Dickinson, A. E., 35 --, Henry, 27 Downs, J. W., 135 --, John, 12:! Dyson, David Eli, 44 Fletcher, John H., 80 --, Edgar, 158 France, James, 70 INDEX

Franklin, Michael, 86, 93 HAIGH, A. J., 108, IIO Freen1an, Edgar, 101-2, 107 --, E. V., 63 Freer, J. W., 108, 114, 124-5, 126 --, Evelyn, 107 French, Edward, 15 --, George, 19, 25, 61 Fripp, G. P., 165 --, Hervey, 108, 110, 111 Frost, A. S., 159 --, Mrs. J. P., 112 Furniss, John, 79, 107, I 10, 111 --, Nathan, 115 --, Miss, Bo --, Sam, 62, 63, 79 --, William, 44 GARDNER, L. G., 114 -, Wm. (New Mill), 70, 80 Garside, Eli F., 108 Hall, Ben, 65 --, George, 74, 75, I 10 --, E. R., 66 --, James, 110 -, J. R., 66 --, w., 43 Halliwell, A., 106 Gartside, James, 107, 140 Hamilton, Sir James, 79 Gee, Allen, 17 Hanson, Alfred, 110, 11 I --, E. A. H., 35 --, Buckley, 148 Gerrard, Wm., 62 --, Iredale, 145 Gill, Henry, 80 --, James W., 79, 111, 168 Gledhill, Ed win, 107 --, J. H., 145 --, Mrs. T., 137 --, Thomas, 145 --, Mrs. W. J., 158 Hardie, Keir, 74 --, Richard, 42 Harewood, Lord, I 48 Golcar Fire Brigade, 48 Hayes, F. D., 62 Golcar Gas Co., 48 --, W., 110, 115 Golcar Town Hall, 123 Heap, Joah, 79, 9 I Goodall, C. A., 11 o Heeley, William, I 14 --, F., IIO, III, 117 Hefler, P. H., 83, 93 Goodyear, Irving, 108 Hellawell, W. P., 80 Graham, H. G., 80 Heppenstall, J. E., 65 --, Rev. W. B., 76 --, Law, 65 Grayson, Victor, 75, 142 Heywood, Coun. J. H., 70 Greaves, H., 75 -, E. J., 75 Greenwood, H., 106 Hill, David, 108 --, J., 106 Hinchliffe, C., 107 Griffiths, John, 114, 157 --, G. R., 102 --, William, 113 --, L., 113 Grime, T., 106 Hirst, Alfred, 1 I 3 INDEX

Hirst, Elizabeth, 131 Kenyon, Robert, 163 -- family, 31, 132 --, William, 163 --, Fred, 108 Kershaw, Joseph, I 1 o --, Henry, 110 Kitson, Sir James, Bart., 72, 73, --,. H. W., 66 74, 92 --, John A., 58 --, Thomas, 20 --, Miss B., 112 Knight, Wilson, 108 --, Sam, 66, 128 Knott, A. W ., 79 --, Willie, 107 --, Wm., 58 Hogben, W. T., 106 LASCELLES, CoL., 86, 93 Hogley, J. B., 57 Laycock, Samuel, I 18 Hollingworth, A. R., 108 Leach, Charles, M.P., 79, 93 --, J., 35 Leech, Rev. John, 144 Holroyd, B., 106 Lee, Herbert, 51 --, Fred, 14 Lees, Levi, 51 --, Jonathan, 14, 60 Lewis, Rev. E. R., 168 --, Sam, 112 Linthwaite Town Hall, 126 Horan, D., 107 Lister, S. D., 102, 127 Horsfall, Sir J. D., Bart., 64 Littlewood, France, 75 Howard, Sydney, 45 Liveing, E. G. D., 140 Howarth, Edward, 57 Livesey, Alfred, 114 --, J., 109 --, William, 14, 111, 131 Hoyle, Edwin, 109 Lockwood, F. (Wilberlee), 113 --, G. R., l 34-5 --, Joe, 130 --, Harris, 17, 75, 110 --, William, 107, 110, 111 --, T. W., 115 Lockwoods-Linthwaite, 44, I 10 Lockwoods-Golcar, 55, 112 ILLINGWORTH, J., 57 Lodge, Arthur, 110 Ingham, Albert, 79 --, James, 108 Iredale, Jabez, 132 --, Joah, 63 --, J. W., I 10 --, Joe, 114 Longley, S., 75 JoNES, W. L., 114 Lunn, Coun. J. E., 129 Joynson-Hicks, Sir W., 81 --, Levi, 108, 123 --, w. E. s., 69, IIO KAYE, W. H., 57 Lyddon, R. A. D., 113, 135 Kenworthy, J. W., 108 Lyth, C. H., 43 186 INDEX

MACDONALD, J. RAMSAY, 74 North, W. H., 39 Mallalieu, Capt. A. H., 148 --, W. P., 39 --, D. and H., 67 Nuttall, R. H., 106 --, E. L., 67, 94 --, F. W., 67, 93 O'MAY, Miss, 80 --, Mrs. Ann, 68, 80 Operatic societies, I 57 Mallinson, A., 106, 109 Orton, L., 135 --, Alex, 57, 58 -- family, 37, III PANKHURST, MRs. and M1ssEs, 90, --, G., 106 92 --, Roy, 58 Paton, Thomas, 62 Mann, Tom, 72, 92 Payne, G. C., 114 Marklew, Ernest, M.P., 75, · 94 --, p .C., I 35 Marshall, Sir A., 64 Pearce, H., 110 Mathieson, D., 50, 5:2 Pearson, Carrie, 43 Matthewman, J. W ., 64 Pearsons, Manufacturers, 48, I 10 Meal, David, 161 --, Musicians, 145, 158 --, D. S., 171 Peel, J. W. S., 130 Meale, J. A., I 58 Penistone, J. W ., 80 Mellor, J. C., 106 Perry, L., 114 --,. Joe, 75, 107, 110 Phillips, Frank, 68, 106 --, Mrs., 76 Pickles, H., 114 --, Wright, 40 --,. Mr. and Mrs. M., 76, 110 Mickleth waite, Gordon, 118 Piercy, J. W., 106 Midgley, W., 107, 110, 111 Pinder, J. W., 110 Miller, John, 138 Piper, Frank, 113 Milnes, John, 108, 110, 111, 127 Platt, Reginald, 38, 39 Milsom, Percy, 147 Pogson, Joe, 64, 65, 80, 107 Moorhouse, John, 110 --, Norman G., 65 Moorside Edge, 119, 139, 140 --, w. c., 65 Morgan, H., 108, 121 Potter, Eph., 75 Morley, Mrs., 112 Priestley, J. D., 130

NAISMITH, DR. R. T. E., 109 QuAitMBY, ERNEST, 75 Newman, J. E., 110 --, George, 59 Newton, G. W., 55 --,. Joseph, 30 Nightingale, Ruth, 81 --, Simeon, 14 North, S., 75 --, Sir John S., 148 INDEX Quinn, John, 113 Shaw, William, 79 Quintrell, Mr., 13 Sheldon, W., 106 Silverwood, Irving, 157 RADCLIFFE, SIR J. E., Bart., 128 Singleton, Arthur, 14 Ran1sden, T. H., 163 --, Fred, 14 Rawcliffe, W. H., SS --, Joah, 14 Reynolds, W. S., 13, 114 --, Oliver, 14 Roberts, Rev. J. E., 132 --, Whiteley, 159 Robinson, A., 24, 138 Slocombe, A. J., 108, 123 -, J. B., 68 Smith, David, 115 --, Miss, 1 I 8 --, Frank, 107 --, W. H., 108 --, John, 106 Robotham, Detective, 91 Snowden, Viscount, 74, 93 Roebuck, J. G., SS Spencer, Rev. C. E. G., 144 --, W. A., 62 Sportsmen, prominent, 170-80 Rose, Rev. H. H., 144 Stead, G. E., 157, 159, 160 Rush, G., So --, Reginald, 159 --, Richard, 159, 160, 161 SAMUEL, SIR HERBERT, 87, 91 --, W. T., 78 Schofield, Albert, 110 Stephens, Aid. S., 129 --, Ben, 115 Stephenson, Joe, 13 --, Harry, 79 Stott, James, 159 --, J. E., 107 Sugden, John, 60, 92 --, John, 108 Sutcliffe, Denis, 107 --, John (Organist), 145 Sutherst, W., 113 --, Wm., 110 Swallow, J. I., 75, 81, 111 Scott, Rev. A., 145 Swan, Rev. F. R., 76 Senior, Horace, 5I Swift, Edwin, 159, 160 --, Tom, 132 --, Sam, 160 Shaw, Albert, 108 S\vire, P. H., 114 --, Arthur, 17, 21 Sykes, Alfred, 18, 61, 63 --, Ben, 110 --, Arthur, 38, 108, 110 --, Ha velock, 1 I 5 --, D. F. E., 16, 95 --, J. G., 145 --, Edgar, 80, 107, 110 --, Joseph, 151 --, Frank H., 80, 123 --, J. Wilfrid, 36, 132 --, George, 79, 176 --, Matthew, 136-7 --, Hiram, 107 --, Miss, 13 --, James, 19, 79 188 INDEX Sykes, James E., 18 Townend, Mrs., 112 --, James H., 159 --, Ronald, 159 --, J. Fletcher, 157 Turner, J. H., 165 --, John, 144 --, Sir Ben, 17, 85 --, Simeon, 108 Tweed, J. T., 161 --, Sir Charles, 19, 20, 21, 138 --, Stanley, 109 UTTLEY, w. H., 163 --, William, 12, 150 V AISEY, H. BEVIR, K.C., 122 TANNER, CoL. G., 80, 148 Vardy, T., 114 Tate, Hervey, 108 Varley, G. L., 107, 109 --, J. w., 108, 123 --, Mrs. W. H., 112 --, Norman, 108 --, Thomas, 62, 110 Taylor, Andrew, 108, 121 --, T. W., 106, 107 --, Dan, J.P., 108, 110 --, W. H., 80, 110 --, Enoch, 110, 111 --, William, 62, 106 --, Frank W., 63 Verity, Rev. Canon W. H., 111, --, G. H., 130 144 --, J. H., 161 Vogel, James, 20 --, Joseph, 63 -, J. w., 55 WALKDEN, JOHN, 129 --, Norman, 114 Walker, G. H., 61, 110 --, Walter, 130 --, John, 108 Thistleton-Dyer, G. H., 105 --, Ronald F., 84, 93 Tho1nas, H., 72, 92, 165 --, Samuel, 110 Thompson, Allen, 130 Ward, Col. John, M.P., 47 Thornton, Nathan, 69, 108 Waterhouse, Matthew, 110 Thorpe, Fred, 59 Wattam, W. E. L., 106 --, Fred (Saddleworth), 80, 84, Weavill, Fred, I 15 93 Webster, Dr. A. G., 80, 109 --, Harold, 59 Wesley, John, 116 --, J. M., K.C., IOI Wheeler, E. F., 140 --, T. W., 59 Wheler, G. C. H., 73, 77, 93 Thorp, Fred, I 30 Whitehead, H., I I 3 --, J. w., 110 --, J. T., 110 Tinker, Harrv, 18, 110, 166 --, Norman, 106 ~ Townend, Albert, 130 Whiteley, A. E., 108 --, Ambrose, 43 --, Edgar, 77 INDEX Whiteley, Fred, 123 Woffindin, J. W., 107 --,. John, 26, 110, 111 Wolstenholme, W. H., 73, 166 --. John Richard, 14 Wood, Clement, 158 --, Tom, 22, 106 --, Daniel S., 158 --, Wilfrid, 82, 89, 93 --, Elvyn, 157 Whitwam, A. H., 108, 123 --, G. C., 109, 127 --, Arthur, 14 --, Harry, 158 --,. Charles, 75, 132 --, Haydn, 158 --, Edward, 14 --, T. G., 110 Wilkinson, F. C., 110, 138 --, Wilson, 109 --, Henry (Golcar), 108, I 14 Woodhead, A., 110, 114 --, Henry (Milnsbridge), 66, --, E. T., 109, III, 114 III --,. Godfrey, 69, 74 --,. James, 108 --, James, 69, 140 --, Joe, 69 Wright, J. W., 114 --, Joseph, 145 --, R. H., 129 YOUNG, REV. DR. DINSDALE, 158