DOCSLIB.ORG

Valuing London's Urban Forest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Valuing London's Urban Forest VALUING LONDON’S URBAN FOREST Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project 2 Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project First published in 2015 by Treeconomics London © 2015. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record The urban forest of this book is available from the British Library is the ecosystem ISBN 978-0-9571371-1-0. containing all of The authors and publisher have made every effort to trace original the trees, plants copyright holders of material used in this book in order to obtain their permission. We would like to take this opportunity of making and associated acknowledgement to any copyright holder that we may have failed animals in the urban to contact. environment, both Printed on FSC accredited paper. in and around MIX Paper from the city Guidresp oOnsibnle sloyurces Sands 2005. C114687 Printed by Hill & Garwood Printing Limited. Designed by 22 Design Limited. Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project 3 Foreword Throughout my career as an The importance of trees in the urban environment is unquestionable but is often minimised and lost amongst the architect, master planner, and myriad of other competing factors involved in urban space government advisor I have been making, creation, management and maintenance. an advocate for urban trees. The importance of the natural I have been aware of i-Tree for a considerable time and have been interested in its potential to quantify the benefits of the urban environment, including trees, forest in meaningful terms. It provides a methodology whereby was one of the key elements trees can be valued and recognised as the asset they actually are. in the recent Farrell review of PLACE (planning, Landscape, In addition it provides the baseline information necessary for long term integrated and planned management of the urban forest. Architecture, Conservation and Engineering). I am aware of other UK i-Tree studies, but it gives me great pleasure and satisfaction to write the foreword to this report about London’s Trees. The London i-Tree study represents the most extensive urban tree survey carried out in the world to date. The Greater London Authority, the Forestry Commission, Treeconomics, the i-Tree steering group and all of the many people involved in the production of this extensive and hugely significant report are to be congratulated. I await, with expectant anticipation, its reception in the public domain and the positive outcomes for London’s trees which I hope will result. Sir Terry Farrell, CBE 4 Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project Matthew Pencharz Deputy Mayor for Environment & Energy Most Londoners understand instinctively that trees are important and that is why the Mayor initiated his street tree programme and has required more trees to be planted by developers. Robust evidence of the economic worth of London’s trees is essential to enable us to make the case for continued investment in our trees in the longer term. The report of the Green Infrastructure Task Force calls for better valuation of our green infrastructure assets, and this i-Tree survey is an excellent contribution to towards meeting that ambition. It provides a different, and hugely important, perspective on the value of London’s urban forest. Sir Harry Studholme Forestry Commission Chairman This is an excellent report, I welcome its publication and congratulate the very many people involved in its production. Valuing our environment is important. The Government Forestry Policy statement encourages the use of valuation systems. This has been backed up by the Natural Capital Committee’s report. Valuation provides evidence of the immense benefits of trees and woodland and shows why taking care of our urban forest makes economic sense. One of the London Tree and Woodland Framework objectives was to raise awareness and understanding. This report does just that, making sure we can not ignore the wealth contained in London’s trees. Martin Kelly Chair of Trees and Design Action Group The London Plan (2015) directed boroughs to take the work of the Trees and Design Action Group into account in producing LDF policies and determining planning applications (para. 7.65). It proposed that costs benefit analysis for the future value of trees, especially large growing trees, should also be recognised. TDAG welcomes the launch of the London i-Tree survey as it provides the tool by which these values can be assessed. Unilever Unilever is delighted to support the publication of this report as part of For the Love of Trees – London, a programme to highlight the value of London’s urban forest and actively engage in the planting of 40,000 trees across London to enhance neighbourhoods and schools. Unilever is campaigning to raise awareness of the importance of trees and forests and aims to reconnect Londoners with their love of trees whilst shining a light on the issue of global deforestation through its brightFuture campaign. The findings of this i-Tree report provide vital evidence to raise the profile and demonstrate the value of London’s trees. Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project 5 Acknowledgements Our thanks to the many people that made this project possible. This was a substantial team effort led by the RE:LEAF partnership . Project steering group members, who have assisted with the project and final report, are: Craig Harrison, Alison Field Forestry Commission and Jim Smith Chloe Smith, Matt Davies Greenspace Information for and Julie Cox Greater London CIC (GiGL) Jake Tibbets London Tree Officers Association and Dave Lofthouse Sally Harries and Natural England Sam Davenport Peter Massini Greater London Authority Margret Lipscombe The Tree Council Kate Sheldon Trees for Cities With And most importantly all the volunteers: Alan Williams Chris Setz Guzen Tuna Thanks Alex Fraser Chris Sheldon Hannah Clay Alex van der Nelson Christine Talmage Harriet Ibbett Alexandra Clark Christopher Angell Harriet O’Brien The Authors Alice Pearson Clive Kershaw Harry Studholme Alison Ellis Colin Bradley Helena Wright Alison Sweeney Colleen O’Sullivan Henry Jeffries Kenton Rogers Amy Hammond Daisy Cairns Hilary Burden Treeconomics Amy Whetstone Daniel Goode Hilary Friend Andrew Digby Daniel Simmons Holly Smith Andrew Hayashi Daniel Sitch Ian Mackean Keith Sacre Andrew Williams Daniel Belucci Iris Yau Barchams Andy Bryce Dave Wright Isabel Wreford Andy Lederer David Baxter Isabella Mees Angela Wilkinson David Bernstein Jackie Melsom Jessica Goodenough Anita Sedgewick David Humphries Jane Houghton Treeconomics Ann Watcyn Pugh David Hutchens Jane Plant & Peter Fischer Anna Marie Yassin David Mercer Jane Rutt & Brigid Crookes Anna Suska David Wheatley Jane Swann White Kieron Doick Annabel Downs Derek Hyatt Janice Fraser Forest Research Anne Horsburgh Diego Avesani Jennifer Blain Anne Queree Duncan Goodwin Jennifer Hegarty Anne Watson Éadaoin Ni Fhearghail Jenny Schofield Annie Chipchase Ed Fuller James Watson Anona Potts Eleanor Glen Jessica Beattie Bea Ayling Erin Gianferrara Jill Barrett Ben Morgan Fabiola Cedillo Joanna Bazley Benjamin Brace Fiona Moore Joe Woodcock Benson McDowell Francesca Estrada John Ashwell Carly Fretwell Francesco Dimitri John Eborall Carol Johnston Gemma Harris John Matthews Caroline Cupitt George Plucknett John Medhurst Caroline Ford George Raszka John Roscoe Caroline Staines Giedre Paliukaityte Jon Heuch Carolyn Serter Gillian Brown Jonathan Dean Catherine Airlie Ginny Page Jonathan Meares Catherine Collingborn Gloria George Joy Lee Charles Snead Graham Tennant Jude Hassall Cheryl Pilbeam Guy Meilleur Juliet Cairns Chris Colwell Guy Whiteley Juliet Hobday 6 Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project In addition we would also like to thank: Kate Harvey Richard Edwards Kate Williams Richard Ince Jeanette Hawkings of the Al Zelaya and Scott Maco Finally thanks to all those Katrina Fellerman Robert Butcher Forestry Commission for of the Davey Tree Expert members of the public who Katy Andrews Robert Goode coordinating all the field Company and Dr Dave let us access their properties Kelly King Robert Shilston crews. Angiolina Albertini, Nowak and Robert Hoehn to collect the field data for Kelvin Shewry Robin Middleton Phil Handley, Vicki USDA Forest Service this important project. Kieron Hardie Rosabel Richards Lawrence and Jeff Wilson for ongoing technical Kirsty Myron Rose Ades of Forest Research for assistance. Chris Neilan for Laura Gardner Rosie Pope providing technical assisting with the CAVAT Laura Pritchard Rupert Bentley-Walls support, data analysis calculations. Lydia Paris for Lazer Woolf Russell Ball and contributing to her help setting up social Leigh Terrafranca Russell Miller the fieldwork. media channels. Liz Goumas Saima Raza Liz Sherwood Sally Harries Lorraine Chatfield Samantha Davenport This Project was funded by: Luke Hawke Sarah Milliken Marcelo Novillo Sarah Riddlestone Forestry Commission Martin Anderson Sarah Ward England and the Martin Smith Sean Courtman Mayor of London with Matthew Hird Shaun Kiddell additional support from Matthew Payne Si Braybrooke, Forest Research the Meike Weiser Simon Ffoulkes USDA Forest Service Millie Toft Sonu Agarwal and The Davey Institute. Morag Carmicheal Sophie Da Costa Report production Nadia Ward Stephen Downing funded by Unilever. Nancy Fulford Stephen Middleton Nick Harrison Stephen Whittle Nicola Wheeler Susanna Ferrar Oliver Tong Susanne Raum Pam Fawcett Suzanne Flanagan Corke Paul Barton Tamsin Bacchus Paola Filotico Tasha Hunter Pat Gardiner Theresa Ball Pat Langley Thomas Campbell Patrica Knight Tom Moulton Peter Fischer Tom Roser Pherenice Worsey-Buck Victoria Perez Diaz Polly Turton Vincenzo De Lacovo Poppy Lakeman-Fraser Yas Andrauf Rachel Carlill Zaria Greenhill Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project 7 8 Valuing London’s Urban Forest Results of the London i-Tree Eco Project We know that maintaining and improving London’s urban forest has Executive considerable public support, but also that much of the urban forest has grown and matured over many years in conditions very different Summary from the cityscape of today.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Nephelium Ramboutan-Ake) Genetic Diversity in Bogor, West Java, Using Microsatellite Markers
    doi: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.09 THE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL LIFE SCIENCE OPEN ACCESS Freely available online VOL. 6, NO. 3, pp. 184 - 189, September 2016 Submitted October 2015; Revised August 2016; Accepted September 2016 Evaluation of Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) Genetic Diversity in Bogor, West Java, Using Microsatellite Markers Amelia Luisyane Puhili, Tatik Chikmawati*, Nina Ratna Djuita Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia ABSTRACT Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh) fruit is highly similar to rambutan rapiah (Nephelium lap- paceum) fruit with ovate shape, sweet and sour fresh taste, but it has a thick rind. The diversity of pulasan is little informed including in Bogor. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of pulasan from Bo- gor revealed by microsatellite marker. The DNA of 63 individuals from 10 populations of pulasan were extracted using CTAB method and amplified using two primer sets, LMLY6 (GA)9(CA)2(GA)4 dan LMLY12 (CT)11. DNA amplification product was visualized and arranged in a matrix of binary data then analyzed the value of the number of different alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon information index (I), heterozygos- ity (He), and the percentage of polymorphism (PLP). The results of the analysis showed the highest genetic diver- sity was found in North Bogor (He=0.313). The genetic diversity within a population (61%) was higher than that among populations (39%). A dendrogram was constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with arith- metic Mean (UPGMA). The similarity index ranged from 52 to 100% that means there are close relationships among individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall Pruning Induces Blooming in Young Lychee Trees
    able characteristics of 'Mauritius' are good fruit size, fair to 'Wai Chee'. Researchers and growers are currently seeking good color, and good eating quality. Defects include large new selections from countries like Australia and Israel which seed size (a trait shared by 'Brewster') and susceptibility to an- have active programs of breeding and selection, and other thracnose disease (Ledin 1957). This disease, caused by the countries like India, Taiwan, Thailand, and the Peoples' Re fungus Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, attacks tender young public of China, where the lychee is grown extensively and leaves, flowers, and young fruit, and causes severe injury dur many cultivars exist. The current world-wide interest in lychee ing rainy, humid weather. Florida growers continue to plant cultivation promises to produce interesting changes in the fu both 'Mauritius' and 'Brewster', but would like to have better ture. cultivars to plant. Literature Cited Future Possibilities Currently there is keen interest in new lychee cultivars. Knight, R. J. Jr. 1994. The lychee's history in Florida. Proc. Fla. State Hort Some which have already shown promising results are 'Early Soc. 107:358-360. Ledin, R. B. 1957. A note on the fruiting of the Mauritius variety of lychee. Large Red', 'Kwai Mei Pink' (also called 'Bosworth 3'), and Florida Lychee Growers Association 1957 Year Book:45. 'Emperor' (also called 'Chakrapad'). Others being tested are Young, T. W. 1966. A review of the Florida lychee industry. Proc. Fla. State 'Garnet', 'Gee Kee', 'Kaimana', 'Salathiel', 'Souey Tung', and Hort. Soc. 79:395-398. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 107: 348-350. 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Lychee in Hawaii Francis Zee1, Mike Nagao2, Melvin Nishina3, and Andrew Kawabata3
    Cooperative Extension Service Fruits and Nuts June 1999 F&N-2 Growing Lychee in Hawaii Francis Zee1, Mike Nagao2, Melvin Nishina3, and Andrew Kawabata3 ychee is a popular tree in Hawaii, Many locations in Hawaii are therefore L valued for its delicious fruit. As its less than ideal for reliable and consis- botanical name implies, Litchi chinensis tent lychee yields. For commercial pro­ originated in China. Lychee (also writ­ duction, site selection can strongly in­ ten litchi, li-chi) is a large, long-lived, fluence profitability. Winter temperature subtropical, evergreen tree that bears fruit cannot be controlled except by site se­ from May to August in Hawaii. The first lection for the general climate of the re­ lychee plant brought to Hawaii was im­ gion or a suitable microclimate. Some ported from China in 1873 by Mr. Ching degree of climate control affecting Chock and planted on the property of Mr. lychee flowering can be obtained by se­ Chun Afong at the corner of Nuuanu and School Streets lecting a dry site with irrigation that can be withheld to on Oahu. It was known as the “Afong” tree and was create a dry period. initially considered to be the Chinese variety ‘Kwai Mi’ (or ‘Kwai Mei’), but it was later identified as ‘Tai Tso’ Varieties (or ‘Tai So’). Many lychee varieties are known in various parts of the world, including 26 major and 40 minor varieties iden­ Environment tified in Guangdong, China, 33 varieties in India, and In Hawaii, lychee can be grown in almost any type of numerous local selections in Australia, Florida, Taiwan, soil from sea level to 2000 ft (600 m) elevation where Thailand, and Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fruit Industry in Taiwan
    The Fruit Industry in Taiwan Nov. 2014 Dr. Julie C. L. SUN Taiwan Institute of Economic Research www.biotaiwan.org.tw Introduction Taiwan locates in the subtropical and tropical area. There are mountains 4,000 meters above sea‐level. Taiwan is known as “the Fruit Island”. The unique natural geographical attributes not only give Taiwan's fruits a distinctive flavor, but also enable temperate fruits such as apples, Asian pears, citrus and peaches to coexist with tropical fruits such as bananas, lychees, mangoes, papayas and pineapples. The natural diversified weather and geographical conditions, trained experts and farmers on this island have kept on working diligently and made plenty accomplishments in the field of agricultural technology. Taiwan has established a reputation for the quality and varieties of the fruits it provides. 台灣經濟研究院 Taiwan Institute of Economic Research 1 www.biotaiwan.org.tw Fruit Production in Taiwan, 2013 Area harvested (184,351 ha) (ha/%) Production(2,675,642 m.t.) (tonnes/%) Citrus, Other Fruits, Betel nut, Other fruits, 506,131, 19% Pear, 39,727, 22% 45,329 (25%) 615,599, 23% 5,770 (3%) Wax Apple, Pineapple, Guava, 99,526, 4% 413,465, 15% 7,082 (4%) Citrus, 25,581 (14%) Pear, 109,105, Banana, Pineapple, Mango, 291,292, 11% Banana, 4% Mango, 8,658 (5%) 16,352 (9%) 13,042( 7%) Papaya, 215,168, 8% Lichees, 118,822, 4% 11,333 ( 6%) Betel nut, Longans, 124,054, 5% Guava, 11,477 ( 6%) 182,479, 7% Value (NT$ 87,803 million)(NT$ million/%) Citrus, Other fruits, 13,127, 15% 23,955, 27% Mangos, 9,181, 10% Betel nuts,
    [Show full text]
  • Page VOLUME 01 ISSUE 06: JUNE 2021
    LITCHI: AN OVERVIEW ARTICLE ID. : 03 Aditya Giri and Simran B.Sc. Horticulture ITM University, Gwalior [MP] Botanical Name:- Litchi chinensis Family:- Sapindaceae Chromosome :- 30 Origin:- China Type of Fruit:- One seeded nut Edible portion:- Fleshy aril Climatic adaptability:- Subtropical Pollination:- highly cross pollination Pollinator:- Honey bee INTRODUCTION Litchi chinensis commonly known as Litchi or Lychee belongs to the family of Sapindaceae . The genus Litchi comes in the category of one seeded nut. Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is a delicious juicy fruit of excellent quality. The translucent, flavoured aril or edible flesh of the litchi is popular as a table fruit in India, while in China and Japan it is preferred in dried or canned state. It is a tropical tree native to the Gaungdong and Faujian provinces of southeastern China, where cultivation is documented from the 11th century. China is the main producer of lychees, followed by India. A tall evergreen tree, the lychee bears small fleshy fruits. The outside of the fruit is pink-red, roughly textured and inedible, covering sweet flesh eaten in many different dessert dishes. Lychee seeds contain methylene cyclopropyl glycine which can cause hypoglycemia associated with outbreaks of encephalopathy in undernourished Indian and Vietnamese children who had consumed lychee fruit. Litchi chinensis is an evergreen tree that is frequently less than 15 m (49 ft) tall, sometimes reaching 28 m (92 ft). Its leaves are 5 to 8 inch. Fruits vary in shape from round to ovoid to heart-shaped. 1 | Page VOLUME 01 ISSUE 06: JUNE 2021 Scientific Classification Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Sapindales Family: Sapindaceae Genus: Litchi Species: Chinensis History Cultivation of lychee began in the region of southern China, going back to 1059 AD, Malaysia, and northern Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Lychee: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines
    Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops June 2014 F_N-29 Lychee: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines Robert E. Paull,1 Ching Cheng Chen,2 and Nancy Jung Chen1 1Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Honolulu, HI 2Department of Horticulture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ychee, also spelled litchi, originated in southern China where it has been cultivated for at least 2,000L years. The tree has somewhat exacting require- ments that vary by cultivar for flowering, hence there is substantial year-to-year variation in supply (Menzel and Waite 2005, Paull and Duarte 2011). The round to egg- shaped fruit, about 2.4 cm (1 in) in diameter, has a thin leathery red skin, which has blunt or sharp spines. The edible, translucent-opaque flesh (aril) encloses a large, occasionally small, black or brown seed. Quality Characteristics and Criteria Skin color and fruit size are external quality criteria. Internal criteria are seed size and flesh sweetness/juici- ness. A bright red fruit with no browning is preferred, along with freedom from bird, insect, and mechanical damage, cracking, and decay. Lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn. Horticultural Maturity Indices Prominent indices are red skin color and flesh having the optimum range of sugar to acid ratio for the cultivar. Pre-Cooling Conditions During lychee maturation, acid level declines and sugar Room-cooling is used for pre-cooling. level increases (Paull et al. 1984). Fruit do not continue to ripen after harvest. Optimum Storage Conditions Storage at 2 to 5°C (36 to 41°F) with 90 to 95% relative Grades, Sizes, and Packaging humidity should result in 3 to 5 weeks of storage-life.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria Litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Florida, USA: a Comparison with Other Alien Populations
    insects Article Detection of the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Florida, USA: A Comparison with Other Alien Populations Daniel Carrillo 1,*, Luisa F. Cruz 1, Alexandra M. Revynthi 1 , Rita E. Duncan 1, Gary R. Bauchan 2 , Ronald Ochoa 3, Paul E. Kendra 4 and Samuel J. Bolton 5 1 Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; luisafcruz@ufl.edu (L.F.C.); arevynthi@ufl.edu (A.M.R.); ritad@ufl.edu (R.E.D.) 2 Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; [email protected] 3 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; [email protected] 4 Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL 33158, USA; [email protected] 5 Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32614, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: dancar@ufl.edu Received: 20 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 9 April 2020 Abstract: The lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii (Keifer) is a serious pest of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). LEM causes a type of gall called ‘erineum’ (abnormal felty growth of trichomes from the epidermis), where it feeds, reproduces and protects itself from biotic and abiotic adversities. In February of 2018, LEM was found in a commercial lychee orchard on Pine Island, Florida. Infestations were recorded on young leaves, stems, and inflorescences of approximately 30 young trees (1.5–3.0 yrs.) of three lychee varieties presenting abundant new growth.
    [Show full text]
  • National Research Centre for Litchi Y J I - K Qj (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) J
    Awtar Singh S.D. Pandey Vishal Nath uq- ds- h v eqt hp ¶Q National Research Centre for Litchi y j i - k qj (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) j Hkkd`vuqi Mushahari, Muzaffarpur – 842 002, Bihar, India I C AR The World Litchi Cultivars Awtar Singh Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) National Research Centre for Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, (Bihar)-842 002 (India) S.D. Pandey Principal Scientist (Horticulture) National Research Centre for Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, (Bihar)-842 002 (India) Vishal Nath Director National Research Centre for Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, (Bihar)-842002 (India) uq- ds- h v eqt hp ¶Q y j i - k qj National Research Centre for Litchi j (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Hkkd`vuqi Mushahari Farm, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur – 842 002, I C AR Bihar, India Technical Bulletin 007 : NRCL/TB/007 Year of Publication : 2012 Correct Citation : Singh, Awtar; Pandey, S.D. and Vishal Nath (2012). The World Litchi Cultivars. Technical Bulletin 007 NRC for Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur. pp 1-65. Published by : Director, NRC for Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur Funded by : Indian Council of Agricultural Research Under the XIth Plan Scheme "Internal Properly Ma n a g e m e n t a n d Transfer/Commercialization of Agricultural Technology Components (UP-scaling of existing is improvement i.e. Intellectual Property Right (IPR) under ICAR Headquarters Scheme on Management and Information Services). Printed by: Army Printing Press, 33 Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt. Foreword Litchi or lychee is native of Southern China and is presently cultivated in different countries lying within sub-tropical climates. The major litchi producing countries of the world are China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Bangladesh, South Africa and Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants of the Eastern Region of Madagascar
    Journal of E3"HNO- PHARMACOLOGY ELSEVIER Journal of Ethnopharmacology 55 (1997) 119--126 Medicinal plants of the eastern region of Madagascar Julia W. Novy Center Jor Conservation Biology, Department o/' Biological Sciences, Stan/brd, CA 94305-5020, USA Revised 25 August 1996; accepted 28 September 1996 Abstract Sixty-eight plants used in the traditional medicinal practices of the Betsimisaraka and Tanala peoples of the eastern region of Madagascar are reported. Preparations and utilizations of these medicinal plants are as varied as the plants themselves. Some of the plants discussed are known to science, but because of the diversity of tribal groups in Madagascar, new preparations and utilizations of these plants were discovered based on the ethnobotanical data collected from the Betsimisaraka and Tanala. Many of the plants discussed remain to be chemically tested. Ethnopharmacological information is in danger of being lost in Madagascar as slash and burn agriculture destroys much of the forest, and the elder traditional healers, often illiterate, pass away without handing down their knowledge. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. Keywords: Folk medicine; Ethnobotany; Madagascar rain forest; Traditional medicine; Pharmacology 1. Introduction The expansion of knowledge of Malagasy medici- nal plants, and the local production of pharma- Separated from the African continent for 165 ceuticals based on the derivatives of such plants, million years, Madagascar (Malagasy Republic) is offers an affordable alternative to Western home to a wealth of unique plant and animal medicine for the Malagasy people. Much of the species (De Schneidaner, 1982). Located approxi- ethnobotanical knowledge and medicinal plants in mately 400 km off of the coast of Mozambique in Madagascar is in danger of being lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical and Subtropical Fruits in Egypt
    INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HORTICULURAL SCIENCE Section Tropical and Subtropical Fruits Newsletter No 14 January 2016 Dear Colleagues, Wish you and your family a Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year In 2016, the Section is responsible for organizing several symposia (please see forthcoming events). We have successfully organized two symposia in the last six months (XI International Mango Symposium, September 28-October 2, 2015, Darwin, Australia and 1st International Symposium on Moringa, November 15-18, 2015, Manila, Philippines). We are pleased to inform you that for the first time the Section is organizing the International Symposium on Tropical Plantation Crops at Cairns, Australia on 20-25 November, 2016 and the International Symposium on Avocado during the XXX International Horticulture Congress at Istanbul, Turkey on August 12-16, 2018. Due to some unavoidable situation, the International Symposium on Valorization, Preservation and Processing of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables to be held at Haiti from 22-26 May, 2016 has been cancelled. This e-Newsletter is your and you are welcome to use it as a vehicle to disseminate information to other colleagues. We will be happy to receive your comments, suggestions and will look forward for your inputs for the next issue. With regards, H.Jaenicke S.K. Mitra Vice-Chair Chair Section Tropical and Subtropical Fruits Longkong)Lansiumparasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni& Bennet( Longkong is one of the major fruit crops grown in the south and east of Thailand and it was widely spread over the country. The planting area was 184,417 acres, with at least 100,000 tons of yield.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Lychee (Litchi Chinensis Sonn) Pooja Taak and Bhupendra Koul*
    Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(10):35-48 ISSN : 0975-7384 Review Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn) Pooja Taak and Bhupendra Koul* School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, India ___________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Fruits plants are a reservoir of nutrients and natural drugs. At present, researchers recommend the consumption of fresh fruits to enhance immunity, mental health and physical health. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is one of the admired genus of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) which includes 150 genera and 2,000 species. It is one of the important commercial fruit crop with several pharmaceutical properties. The pericarp, pulp, seeds, fruits, flowers and leaves are a source of bioactive constituents such as procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, leucocyanidin, isolariciresinol, stigmasterol, epicatechin, saponins, rutin etc. The aim of the present review is to summarize the pharmacological activities represented by the aforementioned bioactive ingredients. Meticulous pharmacological and phytochemical studies on lychee could yield reliable compounds of pharmacological significance for better healthcare. Keywords: Lychee; Anti-oxidant; Pharmacological activities; Fruit crop ___________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Polyphenolic compounds are a rich source of food supplements for better health care [1]. Various medicinal systems of the world including ‘Ayurveda’ has clearly mentioned the scope of medicinal plants as a cure of various diseases and to boost the immunity. There are several plant-derived elite drugs which are to be evaluated scientifically for their mode of action, efficacy and side-effects. If the medicinal plant is a fruit plant, then its demand rises several folds.
    [Show full text]
  • Lychee Pollination by the Honeybee
    J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 120(1):152–157. 1996. Lychee Pollination by the Honeybee Raphael A. Stern1 and Shmuel Gazit2 The Kennedy-Leigh Center for Horticultural Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76100, Israel Additional index words: Apis mellijera, flower, Litchi chinensis, nectar, pollen Abstract. Pollination of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) by the honeybee was studied in Israel’s two commercial cultivars, ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Floridian’. Pollination rate, which was determined in a mixed ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Floridian’ plot, followed a consistent pattern: it was low at the first male (M,) ‘Mauritius’ bloom and reached a high value only when the pseudohermaphroditic (M2) ‘Mauritius’ bloom started. Pollen density on bees collected from ‘Mauritius’ inflorescences was very low during the M, bloom and increased to very high values during the M2 bloom. These results indicate that the ‘Mauritius’ M, bloom does not play an important role as a source of pollen for pollination. Pronounced, significant, and consistent differences in nectar volume per flower and sugar concentration in the nectar were found between M1, M2, and female (F) ‘Mauritius’ flowers. Values were very high in F flowers, medium in M2 flowers, and low in M, flowers. Accordingly, the density of bees found on inflorescences was high during the F bloom, intermediate during the M2 bloom, and low during the M1 bloom. The positive correlation between bee density and sugar concentration in the nectar was highly significant for M2 and F ‘Mauritius’ flowers. The nectar contained three sugars: glucose (43%), fructose (39%), and sucrose (18 %). This ratio was the same in nectar from M1, M2, and F ‘Mauritius’ flowers.
    [Show full text]