DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding the Emergence, Diffusion and Continuance of Intercountry Adoption from South Korea to Queensland, Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding the Emergence, Diffusion and Continuance of Intercountry Adoption from South Korea to Queensland, Australia UNDERSTANDING THE EMERGENCE, DIFFUSION AND CONTINUANCE OF INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION FROM SOUTH KOREA TO QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA Patricia Alexandrina Fronek B.Soc.Wk A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in March 2009 School of Social Work and Human Services Declaration by Author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the General Award Rules of The University of Queensland, immediately made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Statement of Contributions to Jointly Authored Works Contained in the Thesis No jointly authored works. Statement of Contributions by Others to the Thesis as a Whole No contributions by others. Statement of Parts of the Thesis Submitted to Qualify for the Award of Another Degree None. i Published Works by the Author Incorporated into the Thesis Fronek, P 2006, 'Global perspectives in Korean intercountry adoption', Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 21-31. Figure 2 published on page 26 of the above journal article, is incorporated as Figure 1 on page 9 of Chapter 1. Figure 1 published on page 22 of the above article, is partially incorporated as Figure 2 on page 24 of Chapter 2. Additional Published Works by the Author Relevant to the Thesis but not Forming Part of it None. ii Acknowledgements There are many people I would like to acknowledge and thank for their support, guidance and encouragement during my candidature. Firstly, I would like to thank all those people who generously gave of their time, knowledge and experience as participants in this research. Without their participation, this research would not have been possible. I am particularly grateful in light of the sensitivities surrounding the subject matter. My sincerest appreciation goes to my supervisors, Associate Professor Cheryl Tilse and Associate Professor Karen Healy. I consider myself privileged to have had been under their tutelage and benefited greatly from their experience, knowledge and mentorship. I would like to thank Associate Professor Cheryl Tilse for the support, encouragement and patience always extended to me. I am also grateful to Associate Professor Karen Healy for her support, guidance and insights. I always looked forward to supervision, a testament to their supervisory skills and commitment to their student. I shall miss our sessions together. I would like to thank Dr Liane Turner who convinced me to undertake PhD studies and Associate Professor Margaret Shapiro who enabled me to do so. There are many people who supported and encouraged me along the way. Special thanks, however, goes to Dr Pat Dorsett for her steadfast support and encouragement when I needed it most. I would also like to extend my thanks to fellow PhD students, Indigo Williams, Melissa Kendall and Karleigh Kwapil, for invaluable peer support. There are many researchers and scholars who generously shared resources with me and I would like to thank them. Finally, I would like to thank my family and the friends who have endured me on this journey. iiiiv Abstract The adoption of Korean children has played a significant role in the practice of intercountry adoption in Australia since the 1970s and represents the majority of overseas born children adopted into Australia. Its influence on policy and practice is explored in this thesis through the Queensland experience. From its outset the adoption of children from overseas has been characterised by polarised perspectives and vested interests. Actor Network Theory, the theoretical lens through which this phenomenon is viewed, allows for the exploration of controversies and multiple perspectives that have featured in over thirty years of Korean intercountry adoption practice in Australia. This thesis aims to identify which actor networks were influential in the emergence, diffusion and continuation of Korean intercountry adoption; and to explore the translations, an important concept in Actor Network Theory, and the tactics used by these networks to spread particular discourse to meet network goals. The methodology is qualitative and approaches Korean intercountry adoption as a case study. The data corpus, collected from 2004 to 2007 comprised text and interviews. Text included Queensland government archival records; submissions provided to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Human Services Overseas Adoption in Australia 2005 and public hearing transcripts; parliamentary documents; media reports; computer-mediated communications such as internet sources and email discussion groups. Interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from interest groups and organisations with administrative roles in intercountry adoption practice in Australia. Korean intercountry adoption has proved influential in developing expectations concerning how intercountry adoption should be practised in Australia. Three actor networks, proponent, opponent and nonpartisan were identified during the diffusion and continuance periods. Actor Network Theory helped understand how the proponent network became dominant in the Australian context. A number of highly effective tactics have been used to expand and increase the influence of the proponent network through translations. However, a number of threats to continuation such as the growth of the opponent network and the promotion of Korean domestic adoption have emerged. Actors have responded to these threats in a number of ways. Detours have been proposed by proponent actors to help them reach their goals though these may bring unintended consequences. An Actor Network viv Theory perspective reveals the important role of the Internet; helps understand how controversies are created and perpetuated; how intercountry adoption has become politicised in Australia; and highlights the risks to child centred and knowledge based practice that politicisation brings. The significance of this study lies in the insights provided by exploring power interrelationships between actor networks and how these shape particular phenomenon, in this case, Korean intercountry adoption. Intercountry adoption in Australia is poorly understood at a macro level as are the controversies surrounding it. Its practice has been heavily influenced by the interests of the dominant network with scant attention to research in the local context. Actor Network Theory that allows for the inclusion of human and nonhuman actors such as the Internet has proven useful for developing contemporary understandings of such a complex, global phenomenon. These understandings provide opportunities for individuals, groups and governments to address controversy in ways than do not contribute to its perpetuation and to refocus their attentions on the factors that contribute to the relinquishment of children in the first instance. This thesis highlights how politically driven agendas that serve the interests of one network can marginalise voices that bring more complex understandings to the intercountry adoption phenomenon. An Actor Network Theory analysis exposes the lack of investment by governments, organisations and individuals in community programs and services that address the causes of child relinquishment and empower Korean families and communities to seek their own solutions. Key Words Intercountry adoption, South Korea, Australia, Actor Network Theory. Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classifications (ANZSRC) 160799 100%. viv Table of Contents Declaration by Author.......................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements............................................................................................................iii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 1 Table of Figures .................................................................................................................. 5 Table of Tables.................................................................................................................... 6 Preface................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Backlash of South Korea's Special Adoption Act
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UW Law Digital Commons (University of Washington) Washington International Law Journal Volume 24 Number 3 6-1-2015 Abandoned Babies: The Backlash of South Korea's Special Adoption Act Sook K. Kim Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Sook K. Kim, Comment, Abandoned Babies: The Backlash of South Korea's Special Adoption Act, 24 Wash. L. Rev. 709 (2015). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol24/iss3/14 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Compilation © 2015 Washington International Law Journal Association ABANDONED BABIES: THE BACKLASH OF SOUTH KOREA’S SPECIAL ADOPTION ACT Sook K. Kim † Abstract : South Korea amended its adoption law to reduce the number of foreign adoptions and to keep children with their biological families. However, since the amendment took effect in August 2012, more babies have been abandoned. The amendment (hereinafter the “Special Adoption Act”) created three conditions on birthparents who wish to place their child up for adoption. First, birthparents must wait at least seven days after their child is born before they may consent to placing their child up for adoption.
    [Show full text]
  • {Replace with the Title of Your Dissertation}
    i EXCEPTIONAL EMPIRE AND EXCEPTIONAL SUBJECTS: BIOPOLITICS AND THE TRANSNATIONAL MAKING OF THE KOREAN/ASIAN/AMERICAN THROGH THE COLD WAR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY SEONNA KIM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JOSEPHINE D. LEE DECEMBER 2016 ii © Seonna Kim, 2016 iii Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been born into this world without an enormous amount of encouragement and support of my teachers, cohorts, friends, and family. It is my great pleasure to thank all the people who have made it possible for me to write this dissertation. First of all, I have been extremely fortunate and grateful to have my advisor, Josephine Lee who has introduced and mentored me into intellectual society and maturity in the field of Asian American studies and patiently and dedicatedly guided me to complete my long-awaited dissertation. Her excellent hands-on experience, knowledge, and resources, along with her positive outlook, belief in me (sometimes more than my own), and unflappable spirit, always helped me through the writing process. I am very grateful for Shevvy Craig’s invaluable knowledge in film studies and persistent support and guidance from the early stage of my research to the end. I am also blessed to have worked with Timothy Brennan, whose critical questions and feedback have never failed to intrigue me and pushed me to horn my arguments. I have had the good fortune to have Travis Workman, a Korean literature and culture specialist on this project, who showed great interest in my research, reminded me of its importance, and encouraged me to complete my work.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Abandonment and Adoption in South Korea: a Post-Korean War and Present-Day Analysis
    New Visions for Public Affairs, Volume 10, Spring 2018 || 11 Child Abandonment and Adoption in South Korea: A Post-Korean War and Present-Day Analysis Stacy N. Burwell University of Delaware When a family member is faced with making the tough decision of relinquishing their child due to circumstances within the household, the options available to them should be alternatives that place the child's health, safety, and well- being as the highest priorities. Options, such as adoption and the ability to anonymously drop off a child one is no longer able to care for at a "safe haven" location, should be available and encouraged to ensure the optimal welfare of the child, as opposed to abandonment in the streets or any other unsafe environment. This paper will discuss the issues of child abandonment and adoption that have persisted for several decades in South Korea. It will detail the historical evolution of child abandonment in South Korea, a country that once served as the world's largest source of unwanted children, driven by poverty, governmental regulation, a culture of racial purity, homogeneity, family bloodlines, shame, and taboos against domestic adoption (South Korea Child Law Sees More Babies Abandoned, 2017, para. 4). This analysis will also review the state of child abandonment and adoption in the post- Korean War era, in comparison to present-day South Korean society. Furthermore, the consequences of the current tightly restricted adoption policies - that have reduced both international and domestic adoptions while increasing ongoing child abandonment cases, will be discussed. This paper concludes with recommendations on potential policy reforms with respect to the protections provided to parents and families wishing to relinquish a child they are unable to raise.
    [Show full text]
  • New Visions for Public Affairs Volume 10
    VOLUME 10, SPRING 2018 CONTENTS A message from Vice President Joe Biden………………………………………………………………………………..1 A Plan to Put Work – and Workers – First……………………………………………………………………………….3 Vice President Joe Biden Highlight: A Culture of Collaboration at UD……………………………………………………………………………..7 Kalyn McDonough The Importance of Study Abroad: Transylvanian International Conference in Public Administration……….9 Yuliya Brel & Benjamin Chun Child Abandonment and Adoption in South Korea: A Post-Korean War and Present-Day Analysis………….11 Stacy N. Burwell Communities Behind Bars: A Review of Mass Incarceration and the Coercive Mobility Hypothesis…………..19 Andrew C. Gray The Role of Public Libraries in Disasters………………………………………………………………………………….3 1 Eileen Young Merging Developing and Developed Worlds: The Blockchain Revolution’s Impact on Collective Global……..39 Growth Jeffrey R. Martindale Using Film Industry Subsidies to Influence Cultural Perceptions of Women in the US and Seoul……………...49 Stephanie Mergler Book Review: Don’t Shoot: One Man, a Street Fellowship, and the End of Violence in Inner-City…………….59 America Kalyn McDonough EXECUTIVE ASSOCIATE EDITORS FACULTY DIRECTOR DELANEY LUMAN MPA ‘19 ADVISORY BOARD Melissa Micek, MPA ‘18 MIMI RAYL PHD ‘19 Maria P. Aristigueta, PhD KELLY DURAN PHD ‘19 Jonathan B. Justice, PhD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Shelby Moser, MA ‘18 John G. McNutt, PhD HIRA RASHID, PHD ‘19 Benjamin Chun ’18 Leland Ware, JD Jules Emory ‘18 Christine Hoh MPA ‘19 Tierra Fair MPA ‘19 WWW.SITES.UDEL.EDU/CAS-NVPA NEW VISIONS FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS (NVPA) is an interdisciplinary, student-produced, peer- reviewed journal that publishes scholarly material offering new perspectives on public affairs. We operate as a student organization within the School of Public Policy and Administration at the University of Delaware.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2009 Kazuyo Kubo
    2009 Kazuyo Kubo TRANSNATIONALIZING FAMILIES: RACE, MULTICULTURALISM AND TRANSNATIONAL ADOPTION BY KAZUYO KUBO DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Gillian Stevens, Chair and Director of Research Associate Professor Moon-Kie Jung Assistant Professor Catherine Kenney, Bowling Green University Associate Professor Anna Maria Marshall Associate Professor Assata Zerai ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes how people situate race when defining their own families through transnational adoption. Drawing from literature on multiculturalism, post civil rights colorblind racism, and family formation, I argue that perspectives on multiculturalism, colorblind ideology, and existing racial hierarchy significantly affect how prospective adoptive parents and adoption agency workers view race after the decision to create a family through transnational adoption. I first outline a brief history of transnational adoption and introduce some of the key actors that are involved in transnational adoption processes. I, then, provide an overview of demographic characteristics of families that contain adopted children from overseas by using data drawn from the 2000 U.S. Census. These analyses show that in cases where the parents’ race does not match their adopted child’s race, an overwhelming number of parents adopt Asian children. Turning to the data drawn from interviews and participant observation, I discuss how the adoption agencies educate adoptive parents in regards to how those parents build multicultural/multiracial families. I argue that presumptive notions of multiculturalism and acknowledgements of racism have influenced how adoption agencies educate adoptive parents.
    [Show full text]
  • Baby Box”, an Issue Or Solution to Child Abandonment in South Korea
    Stockholm University Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies The ”Baby box”, an issue or solution to child abandonment in South Korea Isabella Sjöstrand B.A Thesis in Korean Studies Spring Term 2018 Supervisor: Sonja Häussler 1 Stockholm University Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Abstract A few years ago South Korea got a lot of attention from abroad. The phenomenon called “Baby box” emerged in modern society and gave mothers a place to abandon their baby in a safe environment. The purpose of this study is to trace how the phenomenon “Baby box” appeared and to understand what the situation of unmarried mothers in Korea are. By studying the Korean history of adoption practice, women’s limited status, the welfare system and law the author tries to find an answer to why so many unmarried mothers chose not to bring up their own children and instead give them up for adoption or even abandon them. The “Baby box” has become a place that saves lives of children as they are abandoned in a safe environment, however legalizing the “Baby Box” puts other issues on the table. The thesis raises the question whether the “Baby box” can be a solution to child abandonment in Korea or if the issues remain until legal action is taken. Key word: South Korea, Baby box, Single mother, Adoption, Confucianism 2 Stockholm University Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Sammanfattning För några år sen blev Sydkorea uppmärksammat i omvärlden. Fenomenet "baby box" eller på svenska, ”Bebisluckan” som har uppstått i ett modernt samhälle, har gett mödrar en plats att överge sina barn i en säker miljö.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee Through South Korean and American National Narratives
    Orphan, Adoptee, Nation: Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee through South Korean and American National Narratives By Kira Ann Donnell A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Elaine H. Kim, Chair Professor Catherine Ceniza Choy Professor Jinsoo An Professor Grace J. Yoo Fall 2019 Abstract Orphan, Adoptee, Nation: Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee through South Korean and American National Narratives by Kira Ann Donnell Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Elaine H. Kim, Chair The transnational adoption industrial complex established between South Korea and the United States following the Korean War initiated what is sometimes called the “Quiet Migration.” Since then, over 200,000 Korean children have been sent abroad, and the transnational, transracial adoption industry has operations set up in dozens of developing countries worldwide which takes thousands of children annually from their natal homes and places them in adoptive families in Western countries. For the past seventy years, the figures of the Korean orphan and adoptee have held significant meaning in the imaginations of by South Korean and American citizens. The sentimental figure of the Korean orphan became the conduit through which both South Koreans and Americans defined their experiences in the Korean War. The transnational Korean adoptee has become an icon of the United States’ commitment to humanitarianism and diversity and South Korea’s modern branding as a sophisticated and internationally-networked nation. This dissertation explores how United States and South Korean culture and society have used the figures of the Korean orphan and Korean adoptee to construct national identities that reflect its citizens as virtuous, cosmopolitan, and unified.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011Smdenglish
    Redefining Family: Moving from Adoption to Family Preservation Date Wednesday_May_11_2011 08:30~17:00 Place Community Chest of Korea Conference Room s Contents s Congratulatory Speech Kim Do-hyun Director of KoRoot 07 Opening Speech Jane Jeong Trenka President of TRACK 11 Encouraging Speech Choi Young-hee Chairperson of the National Assembly Committee on Gender Equality and Family 15 Cho Hyeong President of the Korea Foundation for Women 17 Session 1 Official positions on domestic and international adoption : Yesterday and today Nancy S. Tokola Doctor / M.A. International humanitarian action 21 Tahk Yeon-taek Former Chairman of SWS 36 Session 2 Voices of those affected Ⅰ: Mothers whose children were sent for adoption Noh Geum-joo Member of 'Dandelions' group 43 Kim Hyeon-ok Member of 'Dandelions' group 45 Session 3 Voices of those affected Ⅱ : Stories of international and domestic adoptees Jes Eriksen Danish adoptee 49 Alice Mi Ae Kim Dutch adoptee 50 Tams Mirjam Kye-yeon Dutch adoptee 52 Nancy S. Tokola Doctor, American domestic adoptee 63 Session 4 Voices of those affected Ⅲ : Stories of single moms who are rearing their children Gam Eun-nam Member of KUMFA 69 Choi Hyeong-sook Member of KUMFA 70 Akaishi Chieko Member of Japanese unwed mothers association 72 Sonja Vegdahl Professor of Social Work, Concordia University, USA 77 Session 5 Korean society's response to the affected people's voices Im Ae-duk Director of unwed mothers' home 'Aesawon', Jeju Island 81 Park Eun-seong Director of single fathers' home 'Adam's House', Incheon 84 Kim Hye-young Researcher, Korean Women's Development Institute 88 Appendix Congratulatory Speech Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Adoption in Korea
    LUND UNIVERSITY • CENTRE FOR EAST AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAN STUDIES The Politics of Adoption in Korea Author: Mari Andersson Supervisor: Marina Svensson Master’s Programme in Asian Studies Spring semester 2018 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to examine the politics of adoption in Korea. A theoretical framework was adopted that address gender, culture, and power inequalities in a domestic and international context in order to understand why so many children have been given up to orphanages, and why international adoption has been and continues to be common in Korea. The thesis is based on secondary data in form of academic work and eight interviews conducted with Koreans in Seoul. The collected data indicates that Confucian beliefs make it difficult for unwed and single mothers to raise their children, and therefore feel forced to give up their children to adoption. Many children have in this way ended up in orphanages. The study also found little indication that the Korean state has tried to mitigate the underlying structural gender inequalities and legal and economic obstacles for single mothers to raise their child. The data also shows that there is a notion that it is better to grow up in West than in Korea. International adoption has therefore been seen as a good option and grown bigger at the same time that domestic adoption in Korea is rare due to concerns of bloodlines. Keyword: international adoption, Korea, gender inequality, abandoned children, orphanages, Confucianism, unwed and single mothers 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my fellow classmates, as well as all professors and staff at the Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, for all encouragement, help, wisdom, and fun times in school.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phenomenological Exploration of Korean Adoptees' Multiple Minority
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 2020 A Phenomenological Exploration of Korean Adoptees’ Multiple Minority Identities Jared Utley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Asian American Studies Commons, Counseling Commons, and the Counseling Psychology Commons A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF KOREAN ADOPTEES’ MULTIPLE MINORITY IDENTITIES __________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Morgridge College of Education University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________ by Jared Utley August 2020 Advisor: Dr. Ruth Chao Author: Jared Utley Title: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF KOREAN ADOPTEES’ MULTIPLE MINORITY IDENTITIES Advisor: Dr. Ruth Chao Degree Date: August 2020 Abstract Since the end of the Korean War, Korean children have been placed for international adoption due to their marginalized status in South Korea. In the United States, Korean children have predominantly been adopted to White families through transracial adoption (Bergquist, 2003; Lee, 2003). Transracial adoption describes the process of children being placed in a home where there are racial differences with one or both adoptive parents. Through international transracial adoption, Korean adoptees may undergo events that impact the salience and development of multiple minority identities, including: racial, ethnic, cultural, and as an adoptee. These experiences may be shaped by interactions with socialization/reculturation experiences with race, culture, or ethnicity; minority distress; or difficulties coping with mental health concerns. Moreover, Korean adoptees confront an array of legal, cultural, and social barriers stemming from their minority identities in either their adoptive country or birth country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Best Interests of the Child in Intercountry Adoption: a Constructivist and Comparative Account
    Title Page Title: The Best Interests of the Child in Intercountry Adoption: A Constructivist and Comparative Account Author: Sarah Sargent This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of a PhD degree in Law The degree is awarded by De Montfort University Submitted October 2009 Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Chapter One- The Best Interests of the Child in Intercountry Adoption: Introduction to a Comparative and Constructivist Research Project Introduction 1 Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption 2 2005 Special Session and Guide To Good Practice 3 Child Welfare and Intercountry Adoption 8 New Ways of Looking at Intercountry Adoption: A Review of Literature 13 Feminism 14 Post-Colonialism 16 Empirical Research 19 The Voice of Those Adopted Through Intercountry Adoption 24 Normative Meaning and Normative Usage of the Best Interests Standard 25 In Intercountry Adoption Constructivism 26 Overview of Constructivism in International Relations 29 International Relations ‘Collateral Benefits’ of Intercountry Adoption Engagement ? 30 International law and International Relations 33 Network Theory 37 Conclusion 39 Chapter Two- Constructivist Methodology: Empirical Analysis and Comparative Legal Analysis Introduction 41 Statement on Ethics Approval 41 Methodology Used: Overview 42 Selecting a Paradigm 43 Research Paradigms 44 Positivistic Paradigms and Constructivist Paradigms 44 Selecting a Paradigm for Legal Research 45 Positive Law 46 The Place of Empirical Legal Research: A Pandora’s Box? 47
    [Show full text]
  • A Phenomenological Case Study of an Adoptive Couple's Journey Through the Adoption Process of a Child from an Asian Country Shannon M
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 A phenomenological case study of an adoptive couple's journey through the adoption process of a child from an Asian country Shannon M. Wetzler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Developmental Psychology Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Wetzler, Shannon M., "A phenomenological case study of an adoptive couple's journey through the adoption process of a child from an Asian country" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15436. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15436 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A phenomenological case study of an adoptive couple’s journey through the adoption process of a child from an Asian country by Shannon M. Wetzler A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Human Development and Family Studies Program of Study Committee: Kere P. Hughes, Major Professor Mary Jane Brotherson Carla Peterson Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Shannon M. Wetzler, 2008. All rights reserved. 1454604 1454604 2008 ii Table of Contents List of Figures iv Acknowledgements v Abstract vi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 History of Adoption 1 Policy Changes 4 Korean Adoption Today 6 Adoptive Parents 7 This Study 8 Researchers Connection 9 Chapter 2.
    [Show full text]