Diagnostic Thoracic Pathology Annikka Weissferdt

Diagnostic Thoracic Pathology Annikka Weissferdt Diagnostic Thoracic Pathology Annikka Weissferdt Associate Professor Department of Pathology Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA ISBN 978-3-030-36437-3 ISBN 978-3-030-36438-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36438-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface The goal of Diagnostic Thoracic Pathology is to provide a comprehensive textbook that covers the wide subject of pathological processes that can affect the lung, pleura, and mediastinum. It is meant to offer the practicing surgical pathologist as well pathologists in training a practical approach to the diagnosis of the many entities that can be found in the thoracic cavity. The bronchopulmonary system, pleural surfaces, and mediastinal space can be a microcosmos of disease requiring the pathologist to be familiar not only with the primary pathology encoun- tered in these sites but also with the vast range of metastatic tumors with propensity for these locations. The current work covers the whole range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic thoracic pathology in one volume subdivided by anatomic site and arranged by family of tumors for neoplastic disease and by etiology or affected structure for non-neoplastic disease. The only topics not covered here include pediatric thoracic pathology, transplant pathology, and cardio- vascular pathology, and the interested reader is referred to other standard works in these spe- cialized fields. The subject of thoracic pathology has seen tremendous progress in the last few years with significant changes in nomenclature, tumor classification, tumor staging, and thera- peutic options. The advent of molecular diagnostic techniques and their routine application especially in lung cancer diagnosis has caused a major shift toward personalized therapies in patient management. Likewise, predictive biomarkers are now routinely used to select lung cancer patients eligible for immunotherapy. These latest changes as well as evolving concepts are discussed as pertinent to each chapter. In this context, the personal opinion and experience of the authors are offered on contentious areas in the literature as certain views continue to differ between experts in the field. When informative, the historical aspects of certain entities are provided to offer a deeper understanding of current concepts or approaches. The emphasis of this textbook lies on a morphological approach to the diagnosis of thoracic pathology, sup- ported by information about ancillary techniques and inclusion of generous photomicrographs, tables, and illustrations. It is hoped that the present work will enhance the interest of the reader in the subject of thoracic pathology and most of all assist surgical pathologists in their daily practice. To conclude, I would like to thank the whole team at Springer for the opportunity of publishing this work as well as their patience and support during its completion. Most of all, however, I would like to extend deep gratitude to Dr. Sergio Pina-Oviedo for his expertise and excellent contribution on the chapters on hematopoietic disorders of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum. Without his involvement, this project would not have been possible. Houston, TX, USA Annikka Weissferdt, MD, FRCPath v Acknowledgments I am indebted to my colleagues and friends, Drs. Gerald Langman, Katherine Syred, Sadhna Dhingra, Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi, Zhenya Tang, and Mark Routbort, for providing case materials, photomicrographs, or illustrations as acknowledged in the figure legends. Special thanks to Dr. Sergio Pina-Oviedo, my co-author, for his contribution on hematopoietic pathology of the thoracic cavity and Dr. Cesar A Moran for his mentorship over the years. vii Contents Part I Lung: Non-neoplastic Lung Disease 1 Infectious Lung Disease �� 3 1.1 Bacterial Pneumonias �� 3 1.2 Mycobacterial Pneumonias �� 10 1.3 Fungal Pneumonias �� 16 1.4 Parasitic Infections �� 40 1.5 Viral Pneumonias �� 53 References �� 63 2 Acute Lung Injury and Non-infectious Pneumonias �� 73 2.1 Diffuse Alveolar Damage �� 73 2.2 Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia �� 77 2.3 Organizing Pneumonia �� 80 2.4 Eosinophilic Pneumonia �� 82 2.5 Aspiration Pneumonia �� 84 2.6 Lipoid Pneumonia �� 86 References �� 88 3 Interstitial Lung Disease �� 93 3.1 Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis (UIP) �� 95 3.2 Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonitis (NSIP) �� 98 3.3 Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis (AIP) �� 102 3.4 Respiratory Bronchiolitis Interstitial Lung Disease/Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonitis (RB-ILD/DIP) �� 103 3.5 Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPF) �� 105 3.6 Unclassified Interstitial Fibrosis (UIF) �� 107 3.7 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis) �� 109 3.8 Pulmonary Sarcoidosis �� 112 3.9 Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Connective Tissue Disorders �� 118 3.10 Radiation Pneumonitis �� 120 3.11 Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease �� 123 References �� 126 4 Occupational Lung Disease �� 133 4.1 Silicosis �� 133 4.2 Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis �� 137 4.3 Asbestosis and Benign Asbestos-Related Lung Disease �� 141 4.4 Hard Metal Lung Disease �� 147 4.5 Mixed Dust Pneumoconiosis �� 149 4.6 Beryllium Lung Disease �� 151 4.7 Talcosis �� 153 4.8 Aluminosis �� 155 ix x Contents 4.9 Siderosis (Arc

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