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The American West; 1835-95 Key Topic 1: the Early Settlement of the West, C1835-95
The American West; 1835-95 Key Topic 1: The early settlement of the West, c1835-95 Background: The early settlement of the West is marked by tensions between the native Indians and the white man. The reasons why the settlers migrated West meant the new U.S government had to design a strategy to manage the native population. You need to study how the government tried to manage this migra- tion, how the natives reacted and how lawlessness was tackled in the new settlements which were created by those migrating West. American West Module 1: The early settlement of the West In this module you will revise; 1. The Plains Indians; their beliefs and way of life (The beliefs, structure and life of tribes U.S expansion West and the Permanent Indian Frontier, including the Indian Appropriations Act) 2. Migration and early settlement (Factors which encouraged migration West, the process and problems of migration (Case studies: Donner Party and Mormon migration, development and problems of white settle- ment farming) 3. Conflict and tension (Reasons for tensions be- tween settlers and Plains Indians - including the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1581, lawlessness in early towns and settlements and how this was tackled (by government and local communities) KT 1.1: The Plains Indians; their beliefs and way of life Society structure The Native Americans lived on the Great Plains A.K.A the Great American Desert an area of land in the centre of the USA which spans over 1,300,000 km/sq (over 5 times the area of great Britain!) Only the largest tribes were called ‘Nations’, and they consisted of tribes, sub tribes and bands. -
Frontier Re-Imagined: the Mythic West in the Twentieth Century
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2018 Frontier Re-Imagined: The yM thic West In The Twentieth Century Michael Craig Gibbs University of South Carolina - Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Gibbs, M.(2018). Frontier Re-Imagined: The Mythic West In The Twentieth Century. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/5009 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FRONTIER RE-IMAGINED : THE MYTHIC WEST IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Michael Craig Gibbs Bachelor of Arts University of South Carolina-Aiken, 1998 Master of Arts Winthrop University, 2003 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2018 Accepted by: David Cowart, Major Professor Brian Glavey, Committee Member Tara Powell, Committee Member Bradford Collins, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Michael Craig Gibbs All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION To my mother, Lisa Waller: thank you for believing in me. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank the following people. Without their support, I would not have completed this project. Professor Emeritus David Cowart served as my dissertation director for the last four years. He graciously agreed to continue working with me even after his retirement. -
Revising the Western: Connecting Genre Rituals and American
CSCXXX10.1177/1532708614527561Cultural Studies <span class="symbol" cstyle="symbol">↔</span> Critical MethodologiesCastleberry 527561research-article2014 Article Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 2014, Vol. 14(3) 269 –278 Revising the Western: Connecting © 2014 SAGE Publications Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Genre Rituals and American Western DOI: 10.1177/1532708614527561 Revisionism in TV’s Sons of Anarchy csc.sagepub.com Garret L. Castleberry1 Abstract In this article, I analyze the TV show Sons of Anarchy (SOA) and how the cable drama revisits and revises the American Western film genre. I survey ideological contexts and tropes that span Western mythologies like landscape and mise-en- scene to struggles for family, community, and the continuation of Native American plight. I trace connections between the show’s fictitious town setting and how the narrative inverts traditional community archetypes to reinsert a new outlaw status quo. I inspect the role of border reversal, from open expansion in Westerns to the closed-door post-globalist world of SAMCRO. I quickdraw from a number of film theory scholars as I trick shoot their critiques of Western cinema against the updated target of SOA’s fictitious Charming, CA. I reckon that this revised update of outlaw culture, gunslinger violence, and the drama’s subsequent popularity communicates a post-9/11 trauma playing out on television. Through the sage wisdom of autoethnography, I recall personal memories as an ideological travelogue for navigating the rhetoric power this drama ignites. As with postwar movements of biker history that follow World War II and Vietnam, SOA races against Western form while staying distinctly faithful. -
A Companion to the American West
A COMPANION TO THE AMERICAN WEST Edited by William Deverell A Companion to the American West BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO HISTORY This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our current understanding of the past. Defined by theme, period and/or region, each volume comprises between twenty- five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The aim of each contribution is to synthesize the current state of scholarship from a variety of historical perspectives and to provide a statement on where the field is heading. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Published A Companion to Western Historical Thought A Companion to Gender History Edited by Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza Edited by Teresa Meade and Merry E. Weisner-Hanks BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO BRITISH HISTORY Published In preparation A Companion to Roman Britain A Companion to Britain in the Early Middle Ages Edited by Malcolm Todd Edited by Pauline Stafford A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages A Companion to Tudor Britain Edited by S. H. Rigby Edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones A Companion to Stuart Britain A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain Edited by Barry Coward Edited by Chris Williams A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Britain A Companion to Contemporary Britain Edited by H. T. Dickinson Edited by Paul Addison and Harriet Jones A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain Edited by Chris Wrigley BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO EUROPEAN HISTORY Published A Companion to Europe 1900–1945 A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance Edited by Gordon Martel Edited by Guido Ruggiero Planned A Companion to the Reformation World A Companion to Europe in the Middle Ages Edited by R. -
Examining Mad Men's Hobo Narrative
Journal of Working-Class Studies Volume 2 Issue 1, 2017 Forsberg The Cross-Country/Cross-Class Drives of Don Draper/Dick Whitman: Examining Mad Men’s Hobo Narrative Jennifer Hagen Forsberg, Clemson University Abstract This article examines how the critically acclaimed television show Mad Men (2007- 2015) sells romanticized working-class representations to middle-class audiences, including contemporary cable subscribers. The television drama’s lead protagonist, Don Draper, exhibits class performatively in his assumed identity as a Madison Avenue ad executive, which is in constant conflict with his hobo-driven born identity of Dick Whitman. To fully examine Draper/Whitman’s cross-class tensions, I draw on the American literary form of the hobo narrative, which issues agency to the hobo figure but overlooks the material conditions of homelessness. I argue that the hobo narrative becomes a predominant but overlooked aspect of Mad Men’s period presentation, specifically one that is used as a technique for self-making and self- marketing white masculinity in twenty-first century U.S. cultural productions. Keywords Cross-class tensions; television; working-class representations The critically acclaimed television drama Mad Men (2007-2015) ended its seventh and final season in May 2015. The series covered the cultural and historical period of March 1960 to November 1970, and followed advertising executive Don Draper and his colleagues on Madison Avenue in New York City. As a text that shows the political dynamism of the mid-century to a twenty-first century audience, Mad Men has wide-ranging interpretations across critical camps. For example, in ‘Selling Nostalgia: Mad Men, Postmodernism and Neoliberalism,’ Deborah Tudor suggests that the show offers commitments to individualism through a ‘neoliberal discourse of style’ which stages provocative constructions of reality (2012, p. -
Homeless Campaigns, & Shelter Services in Boulder, Colorado
Dreams of Mobility in the American West: Transients, Anti- Homeless Campaigns, & Shelter Services in Boulder, Colorado Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew Lyness, M.A. Graduate Program in Comparative Studies The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Leo Coleman, Advisor Barry Shank Theresa Delgadillo Copyright by Andrew Lyness 2014 Abstract For people living homeless in America, even an unsheltered existence in the urban spaces most of us call “public” is becoming untenable. Thinly veiled anti-homelessness legislation is now standard urban policy across much of the United States. One clear marker of this new urbanism is that vulnerable and unsheltered people are increasingly being treated as moveable policy objects and pushed even further toward the margins of our communities. Whilst the political-economic roots of this trend are in waning localism and neoliberal polices that defined “clean up the streets” initiatives since the 1980s, the cultural roots of such governance in fact go back much further through complex historical representations of masculinity, work, race, and mobility that have continuously haunted discourses of American homelessness since the nineteenth century. A common perception in the United States is that to be homeless is to be inherently mobile. This reflects a cultural belief across the political spectrum that homeless people are attracted to places with lenient civic attitudes, good social services, or even nice weather. This is especially true in the American West where rich frontier myths link notions of homelessness with positively valued ideas of heroism, resilience, rugged masculinity, and wilderness survival. -
Customary Law in the American West
HAYEK & COWBOYS: CUSTOMARY LAW IN THE AMERICAN WEST Andrew P. Morriss* Hayek & Cowboys: Customary Law in the American West .................................35 Introduction..................................................................................................................35 I. Hayekian Legal Institutions in the American West.........................................37 A. Defining a Hayekian Legal Institution.......................................................37 1. Rule generation..............................................................................................37 2. Rule content ...................................................................................................40 3. Dispute resolution.........................................................................................41 4. Summary ........................................................................................................42 B. Cattlemen .......................................................................................................42 C. Miners .............................................................................................................47 D. Vigilantes........................................................................................................49 II. Spontaneous Orders & Crowding Out: Implications for Hayekian Legal Theory .......................................................................................62 Introduction The settlement of the American West during the nineteenth century gener- -
The American West, C.1835-1895
Paper 2 – The American West, c.1835-1895 Paper 2 Period Study: The American West c.1835-1895 Name ………………………………………………….. 1 Paper 2 – The American West, c.1835-1895 The American West – Revision Checklist How well do I know each topic? 3 The Early Settlement of the West, c.1835-1862 4 The American West and the Great Plains 5 Plains Indians Society 6 Government Policy Towards Plains Indians 8 Factors Encouraging Migration West 9 The Process of Migration 11 White Settlement Farming 12 The Fort Laramie Treaty 13 Lawlessness in the West 16 Topic Test 1: Early Settlement of the West 18 The Development of the Plains, c.1862-1876 19 Impact of the Civil War 19 The Homestead Act (1862) 22 The Pacific Railroad Act (1862) 23 Problems of Law and Order 23 Ranching and the Cattle Industry 25 Conflict Between Ranchers and Homesteaders 26 Cowboys 27 Changes for Plains Indians 29 Conflict with Plains Indians 31 Topic Test 2: The Development of the Plains 33 Conflicts and Conquest, c.1876-1895 34 Changes in the Farming Industry 34 Changes in the Cattle Industry 35 The Exoduster Movement (1879) 36 The Oklahoma Land Rush (1889) 37 Continued Problems of Law and Order 38 The Johnson County war (1892) 40 Conflict with Plains Indians 41 Destruction of the Plains Indians’ Way of Life 43 Topic Test 3: Conflicts and Conquest 45 Key Dates Produced by J. Harris, Sir Harry Smith Community College 2 Paper 2 – The American West, c.1835-1895 Section 1: The Early Settlement of the West, c.1835-1862 3 Paper 2 – The American West, c.1835-1895 The American West The American West is the two thirds of the USA west of the Mississippi River. -
The American West; 1835-95 Key Topic 3: Conflict and Conquest, C1876-1895
The American West; 1835-95 Key Topic 3: Conflict and conquest, c1876-1895 Background Information In this module you will revise: Changes in farming, the cattle industry and settlement (The impact of new technology and farming methods, changes in farming including; the winter of 1886-87 and the end of the open range, Continued growth of settlement; the Ex- oduster movement and Kansas (1879), the Oklahoma Land Rush of 1893) Conflict and tension (How effective were the solutions to problems of law and order; Sheriffs and marshals, Significance of Billy the Kid, OK Corral (1881), Wyatt Earp, the Johnson County War of 1892, conflicts at; The Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) and Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)) The Plains Indians; the destruction of their way of life (The hunting and ex- termination of the buffalo, reservations, changing government attitudes towards the Natives, including the Dawes Act (1887) and the closure of the Indian Fron- tier) K.T 3.1 Changes in farming, the cattle industry and settlement Changes to the cattle industry Through the 1870s so much money went into the cattle industry that open ranges became overpopulated . This resulted in cattle becom- ing weak as a result of hunger because there was not enough grass to feed all the cattle. This problem was made were by: Fall in demand: beef was so plentiful that shops lowered their prices which meant the price paid for cattle fell. Conditions of ranches: overpopulated ranches put huge pressure on the land and the grass never had time to grow leaving the land dry and withered. -
Going West in Breaking Bad: Ambiguous Morality, Violent…
Going West in Breaking Bad: Ambiguous Morality, Violent Masculinity, and the Antihero’s Role in the Evolution of the American Western Amanda Knopf Vince Gilligan’s Breaking Bad tells a story about more than cancer, chemistry, and meth. Viewing the series as a tale of the American West illuminates the ways it highlights and challenges entrenched American ideals. Looking through a historical and cinematic lens to analyze Breaking Bad as a Western, I will argue that we can discover how tropes of the Western genre continue to influence contemporary American identity. Although there have been ambiguous protagonists similar to Walt in Western film and literature, Gilligan takes this trope to a more intimate level, inviting us into an irresistible love-hate relationship with Walt, who at first resembles the typical white, middle-class, American man but transforms into the horrific Machiavellian beast, Heisenberg. Specifically, I will contend that Breaking Bad draws on Western motifs but also that Gilligan, through rethinking the iconic endings of famous Westerns, recharges the genre with new meanings. The open ending of the series suggests that Breaking Bad does not necessarily critique its violent, Western antihero, but indicates that this persona 2 persists today as a powerful depiction of American masculine identity, leading to potentially tragic consequences. Historian Henry Adams once admitted that the process of history is as mysterious and unchangeable as the laws of physics and chemistry: “A dynamic law requires that two masses— nature and man—must go on, reacting upon each other, without stop, as the sun and a comet react on each other, and that any appearance of stoppage is illusive” (Adams 375).1 Retracing Adams’s steps, Robert Morgan applies a chemical metaphor to the story of westward expansion: The tens of thousands of settlers, hungry for land, adventure, opportunity, are like the molecules of an element compelled to combine with another, the territory of the North American West. -
European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase
LOUISIANA: EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS AND THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE A SPECIAL PRESENTATION FROM THE GEOGRAPHY AND MAP DIVISION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Table of Contents A Brief History of Louisiana to 1812 A Question of Boundaries European Explorations and Encounters Early Spanish Interests French Canada Explores the Mississippi River Valley Louisiana as a French Colony Difficult Early Years of the Colony Bienville and the Founding of New Orleans Hostilities on the Frontier Louisiana under Vaudreuil and Kerlérec The Lively Arts in Colonial and Territorial Louisiana Contest for Sovereignty over the Mississippi Valley Frontier in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Early European Designs on the Mississippi Valley The Mississippi Valley during the French and Indian War British Designs on the Mississippi Valley before the American Revolution Louisiana under Spanish Rule Diplomacy of the French Cession Spanish Rule and a Revolt Louisiana in the American Revolution Spanish Louisiana’s Development to 1803 Land Settlement Policies and Practices in Spanish Louisiana Spain Recognizes American Rights on the Mississippi, 1795 Waning Spanish Interest in the Mississippi Valley Pinckney’s Treaty The Louisiana Purchase Napoleonic France Acquires Louisiana "There is on the globe one single spot" "The Mississippi is everything" "A noble bargain" Louisiana Becomes an American Territory Louisiana is Transferred to the United States The Cartographic Setting: Evolving European and American Conceptions of Louisiana to 1803 Earliest Renderings of Louisiana French -
The American West, 1835-1895 Work Booklet
The American West, 1835-1895 Work booklet Name: 60 minutes 6 questions to answer. Total of 40 marks. Q1. Interpretation content to explain differences – 4 marks Q2. Interpretation provenance to explain differences– 4 marks Q3. How convincing is the interpretation? – 8 marks Q4. Describe 2 problems / solutions question – 4 marks Q5. In what ways were ……affected question – 8 marks Q6. Which was more important question – 12 marks 1 Timeline 1824 Bureau of Indian Affairs set up 1830 Indian Removal Act passed 1836 Oregon Trail opened 1845 Concept of Manifest Destiny becomes popular 1845 – 48 Mexican-American War 1846 - 47 Mormon migration 1849 California Gold Rush 1851- Feb Indian Appropriations Act passed 1851 – Sept Fort Laramie Treaty signed 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act passed 1857-58 Mormon War 1859 Colorado Gold Rush Knowledge Organiser Key events 1 1830 – Indian Removal Act – 46,000 Indians from the Eastern states are forced by the US government to re-locate to the Great Plains. 2 1836 – the Oregon Trail offers safe passage for settlers across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains to Oregon 3 1846 – 47 – The Mormon Migration – Migration of those from the Mormon faith westwards to find their homeland. They settled in Salt Lake, Utah 4 1849 – Gold Rush – The discovery of gold in California led to huge migration to the West, over 300,000 moved by 1855 5 1851 – The Fort Laramie Treaty – An agreement between Indians and government that Indians would not attack settlers using the Oregon Trail and in exchange for large areas of land being given to Indians “for all time” 2 Expansion west and the effect on the Plains Indians – 1830s to 1840s America has very different geographical regions: 1.