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Sclerochronological Δ18o and Δ13c Patterns in Shells of the Aquatic Gastropod Radix Sp

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Sclerochronological Δ18o and Δ13c Patterns in Shells of the Aquatic Gastropod Radix Sp Sclerochronological δ18O and δ13C patterns in shells of the aquatic gastropod Radix sp. as a new climatic and hydrologic archive for the Tibetan Plateau in sub-seasonal resolution Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften "doctor rerum naturalium" (Dr. rer. nat.) am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin in Form einer kumulativen Arbeit vorgelegt von Linda Taft Berlin, 2013 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Frank Riedel Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Steffen Mischke Tag der Disputation: 12. November 2013 ii Founded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1372 "Tibetan Plateau (TiP): Formation-Climate-Ecosystems" iii iv Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorgelegte Arbeit selbständig und ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst und andere als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel nicht benutzt habe. Die Beiträge der Co-Autoren der wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen sind in Kapitel 1.6 dargelegt. Ich erkläre, dass ich die Arbeit erstmalig und nur am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin eingereicht habe und keinen entsprechenden Doktorgrad besitze. Der Inhalt der dem Verfahren zugrunde liegenden Promotionsordnung ist mir bekannt. Linda Taft Berlin, 25.07.2013 v vi Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the support and help of numerous people to whom I would like to express my gratitude. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Frank Riedel (FU Berlin) for his constant encouragement and support over the years. I greatly benefited from the inspiring discussions as well as from his constructive criticism, his broad knowledge, his encouragement, his beliefs and his great ideas! I also wish to thank Dr. Uwe Wiechert (FU Berlin) for critical discussions and Prof. Dr. Pavel Tarasov (FU Berlin) for constructive suggestions and motivation. Special thanks go to Prof. Dr. Steffen Mischke (FU Berlin and University of Potsdam) for his constructive reviews and his encouragement. It is always a pleasure to work with you! Furthermore, I am grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding my PhD position as part of the Priority Program 1372 "Tibetan Plateau (TiP): Formation-Climate-Ecosystems" Many thanks go to Parm von Oheimb, Thomas Wilke (both University of Gießen), Guoliang Lei (Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China) and Hucai Zhang (Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China) for a great field trip across the Tibetan Plateau in 2009. For support in preparation and analytical work I would like to express my gratitude to Maike Glos, Franziska Slotta and Matthias Friebel (all FU Berlin). Furthermore I would like to thank Jan Evers (FU Berlin) for creating some figures for the manuscripts. I thank Christian Leipe for always listening to my major and minor problems, the great time, atmosphere and countless cups of tea in our office. It is a pleasure to share an office room with you! I will thank my friends and colleagues from the Department of Palaeontology (FU Berlin) for all that support and perfect distraction during our lunch-breaks and Wednesday coffee-meetings. Finally and most important, I would like to thank with all my heart my family! Stephan, for your great moral, and often professional, support, patience and love. Our daughter Lotte, who joined us in the last year of my PhD time, for her smiles and childlike curiosity. You are the greatest happiness for me! vii Table of contents Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................vii List of figures.....................................................................................................................................xi List of abbreviations..........................................................................................................................xii Abstract..............................................................................................................................................1 Kurzfassung........................................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Preface ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 O and C isotope compositions of aquatic gastropod shells as a palaeoclimate proxy ... 10 1.2.3 Biology and life cycle of the aquatic gastropod Radix ..................................................... 12 1.3 Aims and objectives of the thesis ........................................................................................... 12 1.4 Scientific approach and methods ........................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Field work ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.4.2 Sclerochronology, shell structure and shell preparation ................................................ 14 1.4.3 18O and 13C analyses ........................................................................................................ 18 1.4.4 Reference standards and data correction ....................................................................... 19 1.5 Overview of the manuscripts ................................................................................................. 21 1.6 Contribution of the author and all co-authors to the individual manuscripts ....................... 22 1.6.1 Manuscript I (Chapter 2) ................................................................................................. 22 1.6.2 Manuscript II (Chapter 3) ................................................................................................ 22 1.6.3 Manuscript III (Chapter 4) ............................................................................................... 23 2. Sub-seasonal oxygen and carbon isotope variations in shells of modern Radix sp. (Gastropoda) from the Tibetan Plateau: potential of a new archive for palaeoclimatic studies ...................... 24 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.3 Biology of the gastropod Radix ....................................................................................... 28 2.2 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 30 2.3 Results .................................................................................................................................... 34 viii 2.3.1 Water parameters ........................................................................................................... 34 2.3.2 δ18O and δ13C in Radix shells from Bangda Co and Kyaring Co ....................................... 34 2.3.3 Shells from Bangda Co ..................................................................................................... 37 2.3.4 Shells from Kyaring Co ..................................................................................................... 38 2.3.4.1. Sampling site A ............................................................................................................ 39 2.3.4.2. Sampling site B ............................................................................................................ 41 2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.1 Bangda Co (eastern Tibetan Plateau) .............................................................................. 43 2.4.2 Kyaring Co (central Tibetan Plateau) ............................................................................... 45 2.4.3 Comparison of Bangda Co and Kyaring Co ...................................................................... 48 2.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 49 3. Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns archived in shells of the aquatic gastropod Radix: Hydrologic and climatic signals across the Tibetan Plateau in sub-monthly resolution ............. 51 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 52 3.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.2 δ18O and δ13C values in carbonate shells of aquatic gastropods .................................... 54 3.2 Regional setting ...................................................................................................................... 56 3.3 Ecological and biological traits of the gastropod Radix ......................................................... 61 3.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 62 3.4.1 Sampling .........................................................................................................................
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