Meningitis (Viral)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Meningitis (viral) Additional Information: Viral meningitis can be caused by many different viruses. Viral meningitis is an infection of the thin Symptoms can include: covering of the brain and • Fever spinal cord (meninges). It • Headache is caused by many kinds of • Stiff neck viruses, the most common • Sensitivity to light being intestinal viruses • Nausea (enteroviruses). Most people • Vomiting are exposed to these viruses • Lack of energy at some time, but very few develop meningitis Varies depending on the virus that is causing the Incubation Period Most cases occur in illness children, teens and young As long as the virus is being shed from the body. adults. Almost all cases Contagious Period This will vary depending on the virus causing the occur as a single isolated illness. event. Outbreaks are rare. Serious complications such Recommended Actions as hearing loss, mental Isolate, exclude, and refer to a health care provider. retardation and death may be a result of viral Immediate medical attention is required. meningitis but are rare. Cases: Meningitis may also be Exclude cases as soon as meningitis is suspected. A case can be readmitted caused by bacteria. See when they are cleared by a health care professional. Haemophilus influenzae and Meningococcal invasive Contacts: disease. None Resources *If you have questions please call public health for assistance and • CDC Meningitis (Viral) recommendations.* Transmission Varies depending on the virus that is causing the illness. Prevention Careful hand-washing, monitoring of diapering practices, and management of soiled diapers are important prevention steps. Back to the top Image by CDC.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis
Peachtree Street NW, 15th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3142 Georgia Department of Public Health www.health.state.ga.us Viral Encephalitis and Viral (Aseptic) Meningitis Frequently Asked Questions What are viral encephalitis and viral meningitis? Viral encephalitis is inflammation (or swelling) of the brain caused by a viral infection. Symptoms of viral encephalitis include headache, fever, stiff neck, seizures, changes in consciousness such as confusion or coma, and sometimes death. Viral (or aseptic) meningitis is also caused by a viral infection resulting in inflammation (or swelling) of the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. The symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those of viral encephalitis, although loss of or changes in consciousness are not common symptoms of viral meningitis. Viral and bacterial meningitis are not caused by the same organisms, and viral meningitis is usually not as serious as bacterial meningitis. What causes viral encephalitis and viral (aseptic) meningitis? Organisms called viruses cause viral encephalitis and viral meningitis. Many different types of viruses cause these illnesses. Some of these viruses can be passed from person to person, such as when people (especially young children) do not practice good hygiene by washing their hands thoroughly. Other viruses can be passed to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks. When do most cases of viral encephalitis and viral meningitis occur? Viral encephalitis and viral meningitis occur year‐round. Encephalitis from mosquito bites usually occurs in the late summer and fall, when mosquitoes are most active. Tick‐borne viral encephalitis usually occurs in the spring and early summer, although cases of tick‐borne encephalitis have never been documented in Georgia.
[Show full text]
This Podcast on Meningitis Vaccinations for Adolescents
Meningitis Immunization for Adolescents [Announcer] This podcast is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC - safer, healthier people. [Susan Laird] Welcome to this podcast on meningitis immunizations for adolescents. I’m Susan Laird, your host. Here to discuss this topic is Dr. Tom Clark, an epidemiologist with CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Thanks for coming, Dr. Clark. [Dr. Clark] Well, thank you for having me. [Susan Laird] So, tell us about meningococcal disease. [Dr. Clark] Well, meningococcal disease is an infection caused by a bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. It can be a life-threatening infection. People may be most familiar with this germ as a cause of meningitis, but there are other forms of the disease as well. Meningitis makes up about half of all cases. Other infections can occur, even though they’re less common. For example, bloodstream infection, with or without meningitis and pneumonia can also occur. In meningitis, the infection causes inflammation of the protective fluid and lining around the brain and the spinal cord which are called the meninges. Symptoms include fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, rash, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and sleepiness. Meningitis is serious, so people who develop these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately. [Susan Laird] Is viral meningitis different from bacterial meningitis? [Dr. Clark] It is. Several bacteria can cause meningitis; meningococcal meningitis is one of the most important and most serious. But, meningitis can also be caused by viruses. About 90 percent of viral meningitis is caused by viruses known as enteroviruses. Viral meningitis is more common during the summer and the fall and can be serious, but is rarely fatal in people with normal immune systems.
[Show full text]
Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2): a Review
Journal Articles 2020 Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review MU Ahmed M Hanif MJ Ali MA Haider D Kherani See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles Part of the Neurology Commons Recommended Citation Ahmed M, Hanif M, Ali M, Haider M, Kherani D, Memon G, Karim A, Sattar A. Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. 2020 Jan 01; 11():Article 6474 [ p.]. Available from: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles/6474. Free full text article. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Academic Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Academic Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors MU Ahmed, M Hanif, MJ Ali, MA Haider, D Kherani, GM Memon, AH Karim, and A Sattar This article is available at Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Academic Works: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles/6474 MINI REVIEW published: 22 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00518 Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review Muhammad Umer Ahmed 1*, Muhammad Hanif 2, Mukarram Jamat Ali 3, Muhammad Adnan Haider 4, Danish Kherani 5, Gul Muhammad Memon 6, Amin H. Karim 5,7 and Abdul Sattar 8 1 Ziauddin University and Hospital, Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, 2 Khyber Medical College Peshawar,
[Show full text]
Viral Meningitis Fact Sheet
Viral ("Aseptic") Meningitis What is meningitis? Meningitis is an illness in which there is inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Viral or "aseptic" meningitis, which is the most common type, is caused by an infection with one of several types of viruses. Meningitis can also be caused by infections with several types of bacteria or fungi. In the United States, there are between 25,000 and 50,000 hospitalizations due to viral meningitis each year. What are the symptoms of meningitis? The more common symptoms of meningitis are fever, severe headache, stiff neck, bright lights hurting the eyes, drowsiness or confusion, and nausea and vomiting. In babies, the symptoms are more difficult to identify. They may include fever, fretfulness or irritability, difficulty in awakening the baby, or the baby refuses to eat. The symptoms of meningitis may not be the same for every person. Is viral meningitis a serious disease? Viral ("aseptic") meningitis is serious but rarely fatal in persons with normal immune systems. Usually, the symptoms last from 7 to 10 days and the patient recovers completely. Bacterial meningitis, on the other hand, can be very serious and result in disability or death if not treated promptly. Often, the symptoms of viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis are the same. For this reason, if you think you or your child has meningitis, see your doctor as soon as possible. What causes viral meningitis? Many different viruses can cause meningitis. About 90% of cases of viral meningitis are caused by members of a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses and echoviruses.
[Show full text]
Pn0607 Meningitis.Pdf
Accurate diagnosis and an extensive work-up can avoid unnecessary treatments. As the meningitis season heats up, here’s how to be ready. iral meningitis is a significant cause of morbidi- nective tissue diseases, partially treated bacterial meningitis, ty and mortality. There are over 100,000 cases of parameningeal infections and drug-induced meningitis.2 aseptic meningitis annually in the United Some viral pathogens may cause “pure” meningitis in which States.1 The term “aseptic meningitis” refers to the signs of brain involvement and spinal cord inflammation both infectious and noninfectious causes of are absent. Viral infection may also result in a combined syn- meningitisV for which no etiology is identified after routine drome of menigoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis.3 The clini- evaluation and culture of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The cal features associated with viral meningitis are often non-spe- differential diagnosis for aseptic meningitis is quite broad. cific, so awareness of epidemiology, including seasonality and Although viruses are the major cause of acute meningitis, the geographic distribution of the various pathogens, becomes clinical presentation and CSF findings are often indistinguish- important in establishing a diagnosis. Given the paucity of able from other causes of aseptic meningitis, presenting a diag- effective therapies for viral meningitis, preventive measures nostic challenge. Therefore, knowledge of unique clinical fea- have an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality. A tures and epidemiology for the causative agents of viral menin- detailed look at the unique characteristics of the common gitis is especially important for diagnosis, treatment and pre- pathogens in viral meningitis will aid in clinical recognition.
[Show full text]
Viral Meningitis (Nonbacterial Meningitis)
New York State Department of Health Viral Meningitis (nonbacterial meningitis) Last Reviewed: November 2006 What is viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is an infection of the meninges (a thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord) by any one of a number of different viruses. It is a fairly common disease; 500-700 cases are reported each year in New York State. Almost all of the cases occur as single, isolated events. Outbreaks are rare. Who gets viral meningitis? Anyone can get viral meningitis but it occurs most often in children. Which viruses cause this form of meningitis? Approximately half of the cases in the United States are due to common enteroviruses (intestinal). Occasionally, children will have viral meningitis associated with mumps or herpes virus infection. Mosquito- borne viruses also account for a few cases each year. In many cases, the specific virus cannot be identified. How are the viruses that cause viral meningitis spread? Because a number of different viruses are capable of causing viral meningitis, the manner in which the virus is spread depends upon the type of virus involved. Some are spread by person-to-person contact; others can be spread by insects. What are the symptoms? The symptoms may include fever, headache, stiff neck and fatigue. Rash, sore throat and intestinal symptoms may also occur. How soon do symptoms appear? Symptoms generally appear within one week of exposure. Is a person with viral meningitis contagious? Some of the enteroviruses that cause viral meningitis are contagious while others, such as mosquito-borne viruses, cannot be spread from person to person.
[Show full text]
Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Betaherpesvirus Dnaemia In
Title: Prevalence and risk factors for betaherpesvirus DNAemia in infants aged between 3 weeks and 2 years of age, admitted to a large referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa John Tembo1,2,3*, Mwila Kabwe1,2, Lophina Chilukutu1,2, Moses Chilufya1,2, Nyaxewo Mwaanza4, Chishala Chabala4, Alimuddin Zumla1,5,6, Matthew Bates1,2,5* 1. UNZA-UCLMS Research & Training Programme (www.unza-uclms.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 2. HerpeZ (www.herpez.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 3. Institute for Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China 4. Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Zambia 5. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK 6. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom *Authors contributed equally 40-word summary: Study describing the prevalence of betaherpesvirus DNAemia among a broad cross- section of hospitalized African infants aged 3 weeks to 2 years, showing independent associations between cytomegalovirus infection and HIV, being underweight and an admissions diagnosis of meningitis. Word Counts Abstract 246 Body Text: 2973 Corresponding Author: Dr Matthew Bates, Programme Director, UNZA-UCLMS Research & Training Programme, D-block Research Office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Tel: +260974044708, email: [email protected] Alternate corresponding author: John Tembo, HUST University, Wuhan, China. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Betaherpesviruses are established causes of morbidity and mortality in immune suppressed patient groups but they have been little studied in sub-Saharan Africa, the epicenter of the HIV pandemic. In this region, primary infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are endemic in infancy, but the clinical impact of these infections among pediatric inpatient groups is poorly characterized and assumptive, based largely on data from Western populations.
[Show full text]
Viral Meningitis/Encephalitis Public Health Communicable Disease Control Unit
Communicable Disease Management Protocol Manitoba Health Viral Meningitis/Encephalitis Public Health Communicable Disease Control Unit Case Definition Etiology Clinically compatible illness and laboratory- Numerous viruses can cause this syndrome, but half confirmed virus identification using serologic or or more of cases have no demonstrable etiology. In isolation techniques. Canada, enteroviruses cause most cases of known etiology, particularly coxsackievirus and echovirus. Reporting Requirements In addition, arboviruses, measles, herpes simplex and varicella viruses, adenovirus and others are • Positive isolates or positive serologic tests for viral responsible for sporadic cases. meningitis/encephalitis are reportable by laboratory. Epidemiology • Clinical cases of viral meningitis/encephalitis Reservoir: Humans and probably certain birds, need not be reported by attending health care mammals and reptiles. professional, unless the case results in neurological sequelae or death. Transmission: Depends on specific virus, but for enteroviruses, generally directly by fecal-oral or • Meningitis/encephalitis due to Western Equine respiratory droplet contact with an infected person, Encephalitis, measles, mumps or rubella should or indirectly by contact with articles freshly soiled be reported under those diseases. with feces or throat discharges from an infected person. Western equine encephalitis is transferred Clinical Presentation/Natural History through bites by infected mosquitoes. Viral meningitis/encephalitis is a relatively common Occurrence: but rarely serious syndrome with multiple viral General: Some viruses have a worldwide etiologies. It usually appears as a sudden onset of distribution, others are localized. Cases may be fever, with headache, and other signs and sporadic or occur in epidemics. Seasonal symptoms of meningeal involvement and abnormal increases in late summer and early autumn are CSF findings.
[Show full text]
Viral Meningitis- FAQ (Aseptic Meningitis, Non-Bacterial Meningitis)
Viral Meningitis- FAQ (aseptic meningitis, non-bacterial meningitis) What is viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord. It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own (without treatment). However, it’s very important for anyone with symptoms of meningitis to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible because some types of meningitis can be very serious, and only a doctor can determine the type of disease you have. What causes viral meningitis? Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis in the United States, especially from late summer to early fall when these viruses spread most often. However, only a small number of people who get infected with enteroviruses will actually develop meningitis. Other viruses that can cause meningitis are mumps virus, measles virus, herpes viruses, influenza virus, and arboviruses. Who can get viral meningitis? Anyone can get viral meningitis, but the illness is more often seen in children and people with weakened immune systems. How do you get viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is usually caused by enteroviruses, viruses commonly found in respiratory droplets (sneezes, coughs, spit) and stool. The virus can then pass from one person to another through close contact, such as touching or shaking hands, with an infected person or by touching objects or surfaces that have the virus on them, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands. Also, changing diapers of an infected person, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands could expose you to the virus.
[Show full text]
Meningitis - Hospital Admission
Meningitis - Hospital Admission Meningitis (men-in-JIE-tiss) is an infection of the meninges (men-IN-jeez). These are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (Picture 1). This disease is more common in infants and young children than in adults. Children with cochlear implants are at increased risk for meningitis. Vertebrae (bones of the spine) Meningitis is caused by germs - either viruses (viral meningitis) or bacteria (bacterial meningitis). The germs that cause the illness usually come from the nose and throat. Then they spread through L.P. site the bloodstream to the meninges. Meninges Spinal cord Bacterial meningitis is much more serious than Picture 1 The meninges cover viral meningitis. The side effects may be more severe. the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms appear after a cold or sore throat or there may be no other illness just before symptoms come on. If meningitis is suspected, the child or adult should be seen by a doctor right away. Bacterial meningitis occurs most often in the winter. It is caused by several different types of bacteria (see chart). Hearing loss is the most common complication. Viral meningitis occurs most often in the summer. It usually causes a fairly mild illness. Complications can develop but they are rare. There is no vaccine against most causes of viral meningitis. A vaccine against the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonae is recommended by the Academy of Pediatrics for children including those receiving cochlear implants. Vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is very effective. Vaccine against Neisseria meningitis is recommended for some children. Signs and Symptoms Bacterial Meningitis Viral Meningitis Cause Streptococcus pneumoniae Several different viruses Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Continued on page 2 HH-I-89 9/78, Revised 11/10 Copyright 1978-2010, Nationwide Children's Hospital Meningitis Page 2 of 4 Signs and Symptoms, continued Bacterial Meningitis Viral Meningitis Early Signs .
[Show full text]
Infectious Diseases in Child Care and School Settings
Infectious Diseases in Child Care and School Settings Guidelines for CHILD CARE PROVIDERS, SCHOOL NURSES AND OTHER PERSONNEL Communicable Disease Branch 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, Colorado 80246-1530 Phone: (303) 692-2700 Fax: (303) 782-0338 Updated March 2016 1 Acknowledgements These guidelines were compiled by the Communicable Disease Branch at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. We would like to thank many subject matter experts for reviewing the document for content and accuracy. We would also like to acknowledge Donna Hite; Rene’ Landry, RN, BSN; Kate Lujan, RN, MPH; Kathy Patrick, RN, MA, NCSN, FNASN; Linda Satkowiak, ND, RN, CNS, NCSN; Jennifer Ward, RN, BSN; and Cathy White, RN, MSN for their comments and assistance in reviewing these guidelines. Special thanks to Heather Dryden, Administrative Assistant in the Communicable Disease Branch, for expert formatting assistance that makes this document readable. Revisions / Updates Date Description of Changes Pages/Sections Affected 2012 Major revision to content and format; combine previous Throughout separate guidance documents for child care and schools into one document Dec 2014 Updated web links due to CDPHE website change; updated Throughout several formatting issues; added hyperlinks to table of contents; no content changes May 2015 Added updated FERPA letter from the CO Dept of Education; Introduction added links to additional info to the animal contact section in the introduction; added new bleach concentration disinfection guidance Oct 2015
[Show full text]
Viral Meningitis Fact Sheet
Viral Meningitis Fact Sheet What is meningitis? The term meningitis is used to describe swelling of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This can occur due to infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. What is viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis. In general, people with viral meningitis recover fully. However, anyone with symptoms of meningitis should see a doctor right away because viral and bacterial meningitis often have similar symptoms. Babies younger than 1 month old and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to have severe illness from viral meningitis. What are the symptoms of viral meningitis? Fever, severe headache, stiff neck, difficulty looking at bright light, being tired or sleepy, mental confusion, nausea and vomiting are all common symptoms. Symptoms in an infant may be harder to detect, but can include fever, fretfulness or irritability, refusal to eat, or difficulty in waking. It is important to see a health care professional immediately if you or your child has these symptoms. A doctor can determine if you have the disease, what is causing it, and the best treatment. What causes viral meningitis? The Enterovirus group of viruses causes nearly 80-85% of Viral Meningitis Fact Sheet all cases of viral meningitis. These viruses are spread in the feces and respiratory secretions of an infected person. They can be passed from person to person due to improper hand washing or direct contact with sputum, saliva or nasal mucous. Enterovirus meningitis cases are most often seen from late spring to fall.
[Show full text]