Conflict in Lebanon: on the Perpetual Threshold
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Ur World Is Moving Much Faster Than It Did When My Mother Began Writing
SINCE 1976 Shutterstock/ChameleonsEye JUNE 2021 | SIVAN-TAMUZ 5781 By Shani Sorko-Ram Ferguson ur world is moving much faster than longer-lasting issues and showcases what the it did when my mother began writing Maoz team is doing on the ground in Israel. the Maoz Israel Report some 45 years ago. Though the term “prayer letter” may bring OAt that time, news from Israel was virtually a certain image to mind, we get a lot of impossible to get, and so monthly updates comments on the uniqueness of our prayer were invaluable to our readers. Today the letter. Why do we cover the topics we cover? news changes not only daily but sometimes How do we come at things from such a hourly. More than once we’ve written about different angle? The simple answer is things a topic, only to have to edit it significantly look different when you’re an Israeli living just before it went to print because the reality in Israel. And while I don’t get to personally on the ground had changed. thank every person who gives and prays To resolve this, we have shifted breaking news for our work here, I can offer a gift in and prayer updates to weekly emails while the return–a window into our daily lives as monthly Maoz Israel Report—which goes out Israelis, as believers, as a family, as a ministry both in print and online—addresses deeper, team—as pioneers. By Mail: By Phone: By Email: Online: Follow: Maoz Ministries U.S. 214.677.0560 [email protected] www.maozisrael.org maozisrael1 P.O. -
The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982. -
Europe and the Vanishing Two-State Solution
EUROPE AND THE VANISHING TWO-STATE SOLUTION Nick Witney ABOUT ECFR The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is the first pan-European think-tank. Launched in October 2007, its objective is to conduct research and promote informed debate across Europe on the development of coherent, effective and values-based European foreign policy. ECFR has developed a strategy with three distinctive elements that define its activities: •A pan-European Council. ECFR has brought together a distinguished Council of over two hundred Members – politicians, decision makers, thinkers and business people from the EU’s member states and candidate countries – which meets once a year as a full body. Through geographical and thematic task forces, members provide ECFR staff with advice and feedback on policy ideas and help with ECFR’s activities within their own countries. The Council is chaired by Martti Ahtisaari, Joschka Fischer and Mabel van Oranje. • A physical presence in the main EU member states. ECFR, uniquely among European think-tanks, has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Sofia and Warsaw. In the future ECFR plans to open an office in Brussels. Our offices are platforms for research, debate, advocacy and communications. • A distinctive research and policy development process. ECFR has brought together a team of distinguished researchers and practitioners from all over Europe to advance its objectives through innovative projects with a pan-European focus. ECFR’s activities include primary research, publication of policy reports, private meetings and public debates, ‘friends of ECFR’ gatherings in EU capitals and outreach to strategic media outlets. ECFR is a registered charity funded by the Open Society Foundations and other generous foundations, individuals and corporate entities. -
Israeli Violations of Human Rights of Lebanese Civilians
בצלם • •י • B'TSELEM The Israeli Information Center ior Human Rights in the Occupicd Territories Israeli Violations of Human Rights of Lebanese Civilians 1 lerusalem. January 2000 1 בצלם • • י • B'TSELEM The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories Israeli Violations of Human Rights of Lebanese Civilians Jerusalem, January 2000 • • ב»• •צלם • • י• • [.מרכז המידע הישראלי לזכויות האד• בשטחים [ע ר רחוב עמק רפאים 43 (קומה שניה), ירושלים 93141 טלפון: 02-5617271, פקס: 02-5610756 The Israeli Information Center for ־ B'TSELEM Human Rights in the Occupied Territories 43 Emek Refaim St. (Sccond Floor), lerusalem Tel. 02-5617271, Fax. 02-5610756 \r\i\ ^jiii (^liii 3eU=J1) .ir ^u, % v\vm־u •x-o^ \־VO.\\־t-O. e-mail: mail @btselem.org httpvAvww.btselem.org דו״ח בצלם מסי 19 ISSN 0793-520X Researched and written by Yehezkel Lein Edited by Yael Stein Data coordination by Noga Kadman B'Tselem thanks the following persons and organizations for their assistance in preparing this report and supplying much of the information: Attorney Tamar Peleg-Sryk, HaMoked: Center for the Defence of the Individual Attorneys Dan Yakir and Leila Margalit, The Association for Civil Rights in Israel Attorney Zvi Rish Eitan Barak, Department of Political Science, Tel-Aviv University Stephanie Kourie, Mattin Group Human Rights Watch Amnesty International Heidi Altman and Hoda Haj-Yehi'a, B'Tselem volunteers B'Tselem Board of Directors and Staff Chair, Board of Directors: Edy Kaufman Board: Ariyeh Arnon, Juliette Abu-Iyun, Meron Benvenisti, Anat Biletzki, Henriette Dahan-Kalev, Zvia Greenfield, Menachem Hofnung, Orit Kamir, Amnon Kapeliuk, Nadera Kevorkian, Menachem Klein, Victor Lederfarb, Avishai Margalit, Ayelet Ophir, Michal Rafaeli, Leon Shelef, Gila Svirsky Executive Director: Eitan Felner Staff: Najib Abu-Rokaya, Baha 'Alyan, Nisreen 'Alyan, Na'ama Carmi, Suha Di'ab, Shirly Eran, Trorner Feffer, Iris Giller, Tirtsa Harif, Noga Kadman, Heather Lang, Yehezkel Lein, Noam Lubell, Raslan Mahagna, Jessica Montell. -
BRIT XI Mobile Borders | Abstracts. Friday 9 September, Grenoble
BRIT XI Mobile borders | Abstracts. Friday 9 September, Grenoble Session 38. Historical variations of mobile borders / Variations historiques des frontières mobiles (2) Adoram SCHNEIDLEDER, EHESS-CRFJ: Lebanese in the Galilee: Stabilizing the mobile Israel- Lebanon Border. Negotiated and defined in the 1920’s the colonial border between the French Mandate in Lebanon and the British Mandate in Palestine was to become the border between the future states of Lebanon and Israel. The creation of the State of Israel at the expense of Palestinian national aspirations however has laid the foundations for a diversified relation to this border amongst inhabitants of the Galilee today depending notably on their belonging to the indigenous Arab population or the immigrant Jewish population. The bending northwards of this border during the last twenty-five years of the 20th century (Israeli invasions, the “Good Fence” policy, and the establishment of the Security Zone in Southern Lebanon) which ended in the unilateral Israeli withdrawal of May 2000 was accompanied by a rapprochement of two regions (Upper Galilee and Jabal Amil of Southern Lebanon) which had previously undergone nearly 30 years of separation (1948-1976). This article proposes to explore dynamics in the stabilization and interiorisation of this border among inhabitants of the Galilee through the study of border-crossing practices of Lebanese currently residing in the Galilee. We will be considering two groups of Lebanese migrants, who arrived under two different structural circumstances and settled respectively on opposite sides of the Arab/Jewish spatial divide that runs through the Galilee. The first group is composed of Lebanese migrant workers who crossed the border during the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon and the “Good Fence” policy (from the late 1970’s until 2000). -
Israel's Struggle Against Hamas
Università degli Studi “Roma Tre” Scuola Dottorale in Scienze Politiche XXV Ciclo Israel’s Struggle Against Hamas Supervisore Dottorando Prof. Leopoldo Nuti Niccolò Petrelli Coordinatore della Sezione Prof. Leopoldo Nuti Introduction The PhD research, ‘Israel’s Struggle against Hamas: Strategic Culture, Adaptation and War’, studies the impact of cultural factors on the Israeli counter-insurgency vis-à-vis Hamas in the period comprised between 1987 and 2005, analyzing to what extent the peculiar traits of the Israeli approach to security and military affairs account for the shaping of a distinct ‘way of war’ and for the successes and failures of the Jewish state in countering the Islamic Resistance Movement’s insurgency. The concept of ‘counter-insurgency’ is logically contingent on that of ‘insurgency’, to which it applies. Being insurgency a protracted struggle to control a contested political space conducted by one or more popularly based non-state challengers1, ‘counter-insurgency’ could be defined as all those measures through which elements of national power are applied for the purpose of suppressing an insurgency. From this definition it appears clear how the concept constitutes an analytical paradigm through which scholars and practitioners approach asymmetric warfare (or war against ‘irregulars’, ‘partisans’ or ‘guerrillas’), that is struggles between non-state and state actors.2 Although old as human civilization, asymmetric warfare rose to prominence after 1945, coming to represent the norm, rather than the exception, of war.3 The end of the Cold War and the last two decades seemed to confirm the ascendancy of this specific kind of warfare over ‘conventional’ or ‘symmetric warfare’ and the setting of a pattern that will probably continue for some time.4 Counter-insurgency represents therefore a topic worth to study not only by virtue of its prominence in the history of warfare, but also in light of the nature of the conflicts confronting the international community, either currently and possibly also in the near future. -
Military and Strategic Affairs, Vol 2, No 1
Military Military and Military and Strategic Affairs Strategic Strategic Affairs Volume 2 | No. 1 | June 2010 Volume 2 Volume THE RESPONSE TO THE CHANGING THREAT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS The Changing Threat | No. 1 No. Gabriel Siboni The Range of Threats against Israel | Yaakov Amidror June 2010 The Terrorism Threat against Israel from al-Qaeda and Global Jihad Yoram Schweitzer A Changed Threat? The Response on the Northern Arena Gadi Eisenkot Terrorism under a Nuclear Umbrella: Threat and Response Giora Segal Ethical Aspects of the Response to Terrorism Asa Kasher The Foundations of Israel’s Response to Threats Giora Eiland Creating the Relevant Response to the Threat: Between the Technical and the Adaptive Response Gershon Hacohen המכון למחקרי ביטחון לאומי THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE bd CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES Military and Strategic Affairs Volume 2 | No. 1 | June 2010 THE RESPONSE TO THE CHANGING THREAT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS CONTENTS The Changing Threat | 3 Gabriel Siboni The Range of Threats against Israel | 9 Yaakov Amidror The Terrorism Threat against Israel from al-Qaeda and Global Jihad | 21 Yoram Schweitzer A Changed Threat? The Response on the Northern Arena | 29 Gadi Eisenkot Terrorism under a Nuclear Umbrella: Threat and Response | 41 Giora Segal Ethical Aspects of the Response to Terrorism | 53 Asa Kasher The Foundations of Israel’s Response to Threats | 69 Giora Eiland Creating the Relevant Response to the Threat: Between the Technical and the Adaptive Response | 81 Gershon Hacohen Military and The purpose of Military and Strategic Affairs is to stimulate Strategic Affairs and enrich the public debate on military issues relating to Israel’s national security. -
Integrating the Arab-Palestinian Minority in Israeli Society: Time for a Strategic Change Ephraim Lavie
Integrating the Arab-Palestinian Minority in Israeli Society: Time for a Strategic Change Ephraim Lavie Contributors: Meir Elran, Nadia Hilou, Eran Yashiv, Doron Matza, Keren Aviram, Hofni Gartner The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research Integrating the Arab-Palestinian Minority in Israeli Society: Time for a Strategic Change Ephraim Lavie Contributors: Meir Elran, Nadia Hilou, Eran Yashiv, Doron Matza, Keren Aviram, Hofni Gartner This book was written within the framework of the research program on the Arabs in Israel and was published thanks to the generous financial support of Bank Hapoalim and Joseph and Jeanette Neubauer of Philadelphia, Penn. Institute for National Security Studies The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), incorporating the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, was founded in 2006. The purpose of the Institute for National Security Studies is first, to conduct basic research that meets the highest academic standards on matters related to Israel’s national security as well as Middle East regional and international security affairs. Second, the Institute aims to contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are – or should be – at the top of Israel’s national security agenda. INSS seeks to address Israeli decision makers and policymakers, the defense establishment, public opinion makers, the academic community in Israel and abroad, and the general public. INSS publishes research that it deems worthy of public attention, while it maintains a strict policy of non-partisanship. The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors’ alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its trustees, boards, research staff, or the organizations and individuals that support its research. -
Israel's Critical Security Requirements
What Israel Has Learned about Security: Nine IDF Officers Discuss Israel's Security Challenges A Jerusalem Center Anthology Published by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs at Smashwords Copyright 2012 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Other ebook titles by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: Israel's Critical Security Requirements for Defensible Borders Israel's Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy Iran: From Regional Challenge to Global Threat The "Al-Aksa Is in Danger" Libel: The History of a Lie Jerusalem: Correcting the International Discourse – How the West Gets Jerusalem Wrong Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] - www.jcpa.org ISBN: 978-147-605-141-3 Cover photo: IDF soldier passes through wall to avoid booby-trapped doorway during the Gaza Operation on January 15, 2009. (IDF Spokesperson) * * * * * Contents Foreword Winning Counterinsurgency War: The Israeli Experience Maj.-Gen. (res.) Yaakov Amidror Israel's Security Doctrine and the Trap of "Limited Conflict" Col. (res.) Yehuda Wegman Lessons of the Gaza Security Fence for the West Bank Maj. Gen. (res.) Doron Almog The Strategic Logic of Israel's Security Barrier Col. (res.) Danny Tirza The Influence of Christian Interests in Setting the Route of the Security Fence in Jerusalem Col. (res.) Danny Tirza Predicting the Rise of Hamas: The Democracy of the Rifles Brig. Gen. (res.) Shalom Harari Misreading the Second Lebanon War Maj.-Gen. (res.) Yaakov Amidror Strategic Lessons of the Winograd Commission Report on the Second Lebanon War Maj.-Gen. -
Crossroads: the Future of the U.S.-Israel Strategic Partnership Haim Malka Foreword by Samuel W
Malka Crossroads: The Future of the U.S.-Israel Strategic Partnership Haim Malka Foreword by Samuel W. Lewis The U.S.-Israel partnership is under unprecedented strain. The relationship is deep and coopera- tion remains robust, but the challenges to it now are more profound than ever. Growing differ- ences could undermine the national security of both the United States and Israel, making strong cooperation uncertain in an increasingly volatile and unpredictable Middle East. This volume explores the partnership between the United States and Israel and analyzes how political and strategic dynamics are reshaping the relationship. Drawing on original research and dozens of interviews with U.S. and Israeli officials and former officials, the study traces the development CROSSROADS of the U.S.-Israel relationship, analyzes the sources of current tension, and suggests ways for- ward for policymakers in both countries. The author weaves together historical accounts with current analysis and debates to provide insight into this important yet changing relationship. It is a sobering and keen analysis for anyone concerned with the future of the U.S.-Israel partner- ship and the broader Middle East. Haim Malka is deputy director and senior fellow of the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. Crossroads The Future of the U.S.-Israel Strategic Partnership HAIM MALKA ISBN 978-0-89206-660-5 FOREWORD BY SAMUEL W. LEWIS Center for Strategic and International Studies Washington, D.C. Ë|xHSKITCy066605zv*:+:!:+:! CSIS 2011 C ROSSROADS ABOUT CSIS At a time of new global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to decisionmakers in government, in- ternational institutions, the private sector, and civil society. -
Israel's Basic Questions Revisited
PAGE 2 p Spring 2015 PRESIDENT'S MEMO Zionism: The Unfinished Task PAGE 15 ELECTION SEASON, AGAIN Israel’s electoral structure helps explain frequent returns ISRAEL to the voting booth PAGE 21 INSTITUTE ECHOES OF REVISIONISM MAGAZINE The history and legacy of Menachem Begin IN THIS ISSUE: Israel’s Basic Questions Revisited Experts discuss Zionism and Jewish statehood KOLDIRECTOR'SSPOTLIGHT: HAMACHON LETTER ACADEMIA It is a great pleasure to be able to offer this second issue of Israel Institute Magazine. We are very excited to be able to share with you insights from the work of the Institute over the last several months. In this issue of the magazine, you will be able to read about our ongo- ing discussion on Zionism, a topic that has been the focus of many of the Institute’s recent activities and the research of many of its affiliated scholars. The subject of our annual conference, held this past fall, was the continuing relevance of Zionism as an organizing concept. It is no secret that Israel is undergoing a period of signif- icant change. The founding generation is dwindling and the second generation of state lead- ers – those who were children when the state was created but who turned Zionism from a revolution into an established, enduring and functioning state – are themselves passing on the reins to a generation that was born after the state was created. The Zionism that powered the transformation of the Jewish people from a diaspora nation into a sovereign nation-state must, naturally, evolve. In this issue of Israel Insti- tute Magazine, we report on our annual conference and the ideas that it raised in relation to the meaning of modern Zionism for today’s Israelis and for diaspora Jews. -
Best Line of Defense: the Case for Israeli Sovereignty in the Jordan Valley
Best Line of Defense: The Case for Israeli Sovereignty in the Jordan Valley JINSA’s Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy June 2020 DISCLAIMER This report is a product of JINSA’s Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy. The report does not necessarily represent the views or opinions of JINSA, its founders or its board of directors. Cover image credit: Getty Images Policy Project Staff, Contributors and Advisors JINSA Staff & Contributors Michael Makovsky, PhD President & CEO Gen Charles “Chuck” Wald, USAF (ret.) Distinguished Fellow/Senior Advisor, Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy; Former Deputy Commander of U.S. European Command Sander Gerber Distinguished Fellow, Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy Steven Rosen Senior Fellow, Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy Charles B. Perkins Director for U.S.-Israel Security Policy Abraham Katsman Fellow, Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy Advisors IDF MG (ret.) Yaakov Amidror Distinguished Fellow, Gemunder Center for Defense & Strategy IDF MG (ret.) Yaacov Ayish Senior Vice President for Israeli Affairs Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 7 II. Geostrategic Importance of the Jordan Valley 10 III. Israeli Control Requires Israeli Sovereignty 16 IV. Legal Basis for Extending Israeli Sovereignty 20 V. Potential Risks, But Manageable 21 Endnotes 26 I. Executive Summary Israel’s recently declared intent to extend sovereignty to parts of the West Bank beginning in July, based on the Trump peace plan, has sparked passionate discussion. Often overlooked is the distinction between Israel extending its sovereignty to all proposed areas of the West Bank, versus just to the Jordan Valley. The former encompasses 29 percent of heavily populated areas in the West Bank, while the sparsely populated Jordan Valley comprises just 15 percent of the West Bank’s landmass.* And the Jordan Valley is a critical slice of strategic territory that holds the key to Israel’s security.