DOCSLIB.ORG

World Lover, World Leaver the Book of Ecclesiastes and Thai Buddhism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Lover, World Leaver the Book of Ecclesiastes and Thai Buddhism WORLD LOVER, WORLD LEAVER THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES AND THAI BUDDHISM by Seree Lorgunpai A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Divinity, New College, University of Edinburg for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. January 1995 WORLD LOVER, WORLD LEAVER THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES AND THAI BUDDHISM by Seree Lorgunpai A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Divinity, New College, University of Edinburgh, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. January 1995 Ill DEDICATED to My parents, wife, son, brothers and sisters who entourage me to live on ABSTRACT The Book of Ecclesiastes is unique. This suggests that Qohelet's thought is not, as some scholars have maintained, dependent on other thinkers; of j his time. Qohelet interacts with and challenges wisdom tradition and other contemporary beliefs. His theology is not limited to Israelite religion. His concern is universal and not confined to the people of Israel. Although Qohelet does not interact directly with the teachings of the Buddha, this thesis argues that the theological content of Ecclesiastes can be profitably studied in comparison with Buddhism. Though the Buddha and Qohelet are separated from each other by time, geography and culture, they share a common focus on human suffering-dukkha in Pali, hebel in Hebrew. Thfe Buddha maintains that desire is the primary cause of human suffering; Qohelet Sees it as deriving from various causes, including human limitations, and the unpredictability of life. I The Buddha looks for a way to end human suffering, recognising thatj if human beings continue to be reborn in the world, they will continue to suffer. I He then suggests that human beings should break the cycle of rebirth (kamma) jand seek nibbdna or the state of emptiness. This state can be reached through strenuous meditation. Qohelet, on the other hand, believes that God has created this; world with a definite plan; however, humans lack the capacity to understand the present events of the world and are unable to predict the future. Qohelet advises human beings to enjoy life on a day-to-day basis, rather than hope for a better future. While admitting that there are many unpleasant things in this world, Qohelet still loves living in it. He is much more in and of this world than is the Buddha. Seeing that the pleasant thinlgs in this world are transitory {anicca) and illusory, the Buddha decided to leave the world behind. Qohelet is the world lover. The Buddha is the world leaver. This thesis has three main parts. Part one discusses the nature of the Book of Ecclesiastes in detail. Beginning with a general review of scholarly opinion on the book, the discussion continues with the status of its author, its audiences, its style and language, its structure and purposes. Though these discussions are not used in the comparison, they are important for understanding Qohelet's thought. Two chapters which are essential for the later comparison include a discussion of the key words of the book and its main teachings. Part two provides the history of Theravada Buddhism in Thailand and discusses the main concepts of Buddhism, including kamma, anicca, dukkha, anattd, meditation, arahant and nibbdna. Part three compare^ the two traditions. A detailed comparison is undertaken in the following areas: Qohelet's understanding of God and the Law of Kamma, the theological implication |of Hebel and Dukkha, Observation and Meditation as ways of encountering the world, the Sages and Arahants as interpreters, Work and Merit-making as human activities, and Joy and Nibbdna as responses to what humankind has been given. This thesis aims to help Thai Christians to find some common ground for dialogue with Thai Buddhists and to open up the much-neglected area of Jewish- Buddhist dialogue. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The sources of funding for this thesis have been generously provided by various trusts and organisations. My first and second year tuition fees were covered by the Miller Trust. Other expenses for the first and the second years were mostly provided by my parents, Sakol and Prontip Lorgunpai, ths New College Faculty of Divinity the Langham Trust and Bangkok Institute of Theology. The tuition fee and other expenses in my third year were fully covered by the Board of World Mission of the Church of Scotland. My fourth year expenses were provided by the Freeland Barbour Trust, the Speedie Bequest and the Langham Trust. In addition, Tyndale House, Cambridge, offered two weeks' residence and stucy facilities in Cambridge. The New College Scolarships Committee made it possible for me to attend the fifth International Conference on Thai Studies where I was able to gather useful material for this thesis. I acknowledge all of the above with gratitude. | All the faculty in the Department of Hebrew and Old Testament Studies, New College, played a part in encouraging me towards and sustaining me in further studies. I thank especially my two supervisors. Dr Peter Hayman gaye his valuable time to read the whole book of Ecclesiastes in Hebrew verse by verse with me. All the discussions we had were very meaningful. His supervision of my work has always been unstinting and meticulously careful. I am grateful both for his encouragement and for his constructive criticism. Dr Frank Whaling pointed me to many useful books on Buddhism and even lent me some of his personal copies. He always encouraged me to do something different from other scholars in the area of comparison. The staff of the New College Library have been unfailingly friendly and flexible in the help they provided, especially Norma Henderson who often gave extra effort to find material for me. The staff of the Computer Support team have been veryj helpful. I am thankful for many good friends whom I have known at New College. Tim Meadowcroft, Robert Solomon, Rory McKenzie and their families have given my family moral support and meaningful advice for living in Edinburgh. David Alexander, David Mitchell, Bruce McDonald, Neil McDonald and James MacLeod gave me encouragement and many useful suggestions. Terry Mclntvre was always available to proof-read my work. I am thankful for many Christian friends who earnestly prayed for my family and the completion of my project. I am thankful for Thai students in Edinburgh who regularly shared news from Thailand, played badminton, and had Thai meals with me. I really appreciate their friendship. My colleagues at Bangkok Institute of Theology have taken extra responsibility to keep the Institute running while I have been doing my research in Edinburgh. My mother regularly called us from Thailand to ensure that we lad nothing to worry about back home. She always sent special supplies to us. Even my dear son Jonathan has made a number of adjustments so that I could study. I thank him for his cheerful spirit and lively manner which keep me active all the time. His joyful nature affirms Qohelet's message that there is nothing better than enjoying life. His curiosity, asking "Why?" all the time, stimulates my creativities. | Above all I honour my beloved wife, Sunee. She shared rhy frustation when we first arrived in Edinburgh. In our first year here, she patiently looked after Jonathan and went about finding a suitable school for him. In the second year she took on a part-time job to ease financial pressure. Her cheerful manner and her patience kept me working on this project. She has always looked after the well-being of the family. After a long day of study, she always provided me with tasty Thai and Chinese foods I always enjoy her cooking and I totally agree with Qohelet that, after hard work, there is nothing better than to eat and to drink ABBREVIATIONS A. Anguttara-Nikdya ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, ed. by J. B. Pritchard, 2nd., Princeton, 1955 Aram. Aramaic b. Babylonian Talmud BDB Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon BH Biblical Hebrew BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin CBQ The Catholic Biblical Quarterly Cant. Canticum (Song of Songs) ; 1 Ch. (Chr.) 1 Chronicles 2 Ch. (Chr.) 2 Chronicles ; Dan. Daniel Deut. Deuteronomy Eccl. Ecclesiastes Ex. Exodus Ezek. Ezekiel EvQ The Evangelical Quarterly ET The Expository Times ETL Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienes Gen. Genesis GKC Gesenius, F. W. Hebrew Grammar, rev.by E.Kautzsch; 2nd English edition, edited and translated by A. E. Cowley. Oxford, 1910L Hab. Habakkuk Hag. Haggai ICC International Critical Commentary i IDB Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. by G. A. Buttrick, 4|vols., Nashville, 1962 ; Int Interpretation Is. (Isa.) Isaiah JBL Journal of Biblical Literarure Je. (Jer.) Jeremiah \ Josh. Joshua ' JQR Jewish Quarterly Review \ Vll J SOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament J TS Journal of Theological Studies Judg. Judges 1 Kgs. 1 Kings 2 Kgs. 2 Kings Lev. Leviticus Lam. Lamentations LXX The Septuagint M. Majjhima Nikaya MR Mishnaic Hebrew NEB The New English Bible Neh. Nehemiah NIV The New International Version of the Bible Prov. Proverbs Ps. Psalms 1QS Rule of the Community (Dead Sea Scro 1) lQSa Rule of the Congregation (Dead Sea Scroll) RSV The Revised Standard Version of the Bible S. of S. Song of Songs 1 Sam. 1 Samuel 2 Sam. 2 Samuel Sir. Sirach SJT Scottish Journal of Theology TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament ed. by G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, Grand Rapids, 1974- TrinJ Trinity Journal Vin. Vinayapitaka VT Vetus Testamentum ZA H Zeitschrift fur Althebraistik ZA W Zeitschrift fur die Alttestamentliche Wi. 'senschaft Zech. Zechariah ZTK Zeitschrift fiir Theologie und Kirche CONTENTS DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ABBREVIATIONS vi CONTENTS viii INTRODUCTION x PART ONE Chapter One: Review of Scholarly Opinion on Ecclesiastes 1 Chapter Two: Qohelet as a Wise Man 14 Chapter Three: Reconstruction of the Audiences of Ecclesiastes 25 Chapter Four: Some Aspects of Style and Language in Ecclesiastes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L
    Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Researchnstitute, Poona, pp.171-201 Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha to the time of Asoka which is as follows:-- 1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books. 2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books. 3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha. 4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas. 5. The Sutta-Nipata, the Thera-and Theri-Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha. 6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas. 7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas. 8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida. 9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddha-Vamsa. 10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti. This chronological table of early Buddhist; literature is too catechetical, too cut and dried, and too general to be accepted in spite of its suggestiveness as a sure guide to determination of the chronology of the Pali canonical texts. The Octades and the Patimokkha are mentioned by Rhys Davids as literary compilations representing the third stage in the order of chronology. The Pali title corresponding to his Octades is Atthakavagga, the Book of Eights. The Book of Eights, as we have it in the Mahaniddesa or in the fourth book of the Suttanipata, is composed of sixteen poetical discourses, only four of which, namely, (1.) Guhatthaka, (2) Dutthatthaka.
    [Show full text]
  • What Buddhists Believe Expanded 4Th Edition
    WhatWhat BuddhistBuddhist BelieveBelieve Expanded 4th Edition Dr. K. Sri Dhammanada HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. Published by BUDDHIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY MALAYSIA 123, Jalan Berhala, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, 1st Edition 1964 Malaysia 2nd Edition 1973 Tel: (603) 2274 1889 / 1886 3rd Edition 1982 Fax: (603) 2273 3835 This Expanded Edition 2002 Email: [email protected] © 2002 K Sri Dhammananda All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any in- formation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover design and layout Sukhi Hotu ISBN 983-40071-2-7 What Buddhists Believe Expanded 4th Edition K Sri Dhammananda BUDDHIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY MALAYSIA This 4th edition of What Buddhists Believe is specially published in conjunction with Venerable Dr K Sri Dhammananda’s 50 Years of Dhammaduta Service in Malaysia and Singapore 1952-2002 (BE 2495-2545) Photo taken three months after his arrival in Malaysia from Sri Lanka, 1952. Contents Forewordxi Preface xiii 1 LIFE AND MESSAGE OF THE BUDDHA CHAPTER 1 Life and Nature of the Buddha Gautama, The Buddha 8 His Renunciation 24 Nature of the Buddha27 Was Buddha an Incarnation of God?32 The Buddha’s Service35 Historical Evidences of the Buddha38 Salvation Through Arahantahood41 Who is a Bodhisatva?43 Attainment of Buddhahood47 Trikaya — The Three Bodies of the Buddha49
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Bio-Ethical Precepts in Buddhism: an Analysis
    PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(5), ISSN 1553 - 6939 Article Received: 22th November, 2020; Article Revised: 26th March, 2021; Article Accepted: 26th April, 2021 The study of Bio-ethical Precepts in Buddhism: An Analysis. Sailen Kalita 1S.B.M.S. College, Assam, India. [email protected] ABSTRACT With the emergence of Lord Buddha, Buddhism became one of the greatest religions of the world. The most salient feature of this religion lies, perhaps, in its ethical aspect. Ethics is the key word in Buddhism. Buddha-vacana laid highest priority to ethics. This expression „ethics‟ bears manifold connotations in different background. But as far it is concerned with a sense of communication and a habitual mode of thought, ethics forms the epitome of moral principles and moral conduct in Buddhism. As commonly known, the word „bio‟ signifies life or matters relating to living things. But it may not be precise to summarized that bio-ethics refers to ethics of life only. Ethics in Buddhism, in particular, has a much wider connotation. Its sole purpose is to do away with Dukkha or suffering. It may be relevant here to add that a number of ethicists harbour abstract ideas of ethics. Buddhism is rather opposed to such abstract ideas and it endeavors to pinpoint the practical use of ethics which is surely a unique contribution to bio- ethics. Buddhism, a part from gifting mankind with profound Philosophy of life, offers the solution of man‟s pain and suffering through rigid action which has a permanent value. In Buddhism, priority is assigned to self discipline and this self discipline is to be exercised in both individual and collective form.
    [Show full text]
  • CHRISTIANITY and BUDDHISM SINCLAIRE THOMPSON MEMORIAL LECTURE FIFTH SERIES by the VENERABLE BHIKKHU BUDDHADASA INDAPANNO
    1 CHRISTIANITY and BUDDHISM SINCLAIRE THOMPSON MEMORIAL LECTURE FIFTH SERIES By THE VENERABLE BHIKKHU BUDDHADASA INDAPANNO 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (TO THE SECOND EDITION)..........................................................................4 PREFACE..............................................................................................................................................6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................7 Publisher’s Note....................................................................................................................................9 THOMPSON MEMORIAL LECTURE Fifth Series CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM BY THE VENERABLE BHIKKHU BUDDHADASA INDAPANNO (First Lecture) MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF EACH OTHER’S RELIGION................................................................12 THOMPSON MEMORIAL LECTURE Fifth Series CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM THE VENERABLE BHIKKHU BUDDHADASA INDAPANNO (Second Lecture) FATHER, SON AND HOLY SPIRIT...........................................................................................................................49 1. “GOD” IN ITS GENERAL MEANING............................................................................49 2. GOD IN TERMS OF RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE FROM THE BUDDHIST VIEWPOINT 53 3. “GOD” AS USED IN CONVENTIONAL LANGUAGE..................................................59 4. GOD ALWAYS CONVEYS A HIDDEN DHARMIC SENSE. THE IDEA IS THAT GOD, AS
    [Show full text]
  • A. Vinaya Piṭaka—The Collection of Disciplinary Rules
    An Analysis of the Pāli Canon Edited by Russell Webb Buddhist Publication Society Kandy •Sri Lanka The Wheel Publication No. 217 First BPS edition 1975 Second BPS edition 1991 Third BPS edition 2008 Copyright © 1991 by Russell Webb ISBN 955–24–0048–1 BPS Online Edition © (2008) Digital Transcription Source: BPS Transcription Project For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted and redistributed in any medium. However, any such republication and redistribution is to be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis, and translations and other derivative works are to be clearly marked as such. Contents Preface.........................................................................................................................................3 I. Textual Analysis..................................................................................................................................4 A. Vinaya Piṭaka—the Collection of Disciplinary Rules.......................................................4 1. Sutta Vibhaṅga..........................................................................................................4 2. Khandhaka, subdivided into Mahāvagga and Cūḷavagga.................................4 3. Parivāra......................................................................................................................5 B. Sutta Piṭaka— the Collection of the Buddha’s Discourses...............................................5 1. Dīgha Nikāya.............................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Selection of Suttas
    TIPIṬAKA The Three Baskets Vinaya Piṭaka Sutta Piṭaka Abhidhamma Piṭaka The Discipline The Teachings The Philosophy (5 books) (5 collections) (7 books) Sutta Vibhanga Khandhaka Parivāra Dhammasaṅgaṇī Vibhaṅga Book of Expositions Division Chapter Summaries Compendium of States Book of Analysis Dhātukathā Puggalapaññati Māhavagga Cullavagga Discourse on Elements Human Types The Great Rules The Lesser Rules (10 chapters) (12 chapters) Kathāvatthu Yamaka Points of Controversy Book of Pairs Paṭṭhāna Conditional Relations Dīgha Nikāya Majjhima Nikāya Saṃyutta Nikāya Aṅguttara Nikāya Khuddaka Nikāya Long Discourses Middle-length Discourses Kindred Sayings Gradual Sayings Shorter Discourses (34 suttas in three vaggas) (152 suttas in 15 vaggas) (2,889 suttas in five vaggas)* (9,557 suttas in 11 nipatas) (15 books) Mūlapariyāya Vagga Sagāthā Vagga Ekaka Nipāta Khuddakapātha Dhammapada Sīlakkhanda Vagga The Root Discourse The section of Verses Book of the Ones The Short Passages Path of Dhamma The Perfect Net (423 verses arranged in 26 vaggas) Sīhanāda Vagga Duka Nipāta Udāna Itivuttaka The Lion’s Roar Nidāna Vagga Book of the Twos Mahā Vagga The section of Causation Verses of Uplift As it Was Said Opamma Vagga (8 vaggas, of 80 udānas of the Buddha) (112 short suttas in four nipātas) The Large Division Tika Nipāta Chapter of Similes Khandha Vagga Book of the Threes Suttanipāta Vimānavatthu Mūlapaṇṇāsa Mahāyamaka Vagga The Section on the Sutta Collection Celestial Mansions Pāṭika Vagga Catukka Nipāta Great Pairs Aggregates (5 vaggas containing 71
    [Show full text]
  • Dhammapadadhammapada AA Ttranslationranslation Ven
    DhammapadaDhammapada AA TTranslationranslation Ven. Thanissaro, Bhikkhu HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. DDhhaammmmaappaaddaa TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................2 PREFACE: ANOTHER TRANSLATION OF THE DHAMMAPADA ....................................10 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................12 I : PAIRS.........................................................................................................24 1–2*................................................................................................................24 3–6..................................................................................................................25 7–8*................................................................................................................26 9–10................................................................................................................26 11–12*............................................................................................................26 13–14..............................................................................................................27 15–18*............................................................................................................28 19–20..............................................................................................................28
    [Show full text]
  • History of Buddhism and Jainism Upto 1000 A.D
    Syllabus M.A. Part - II Paper - VII : (Option B) History of Buddhism and Jainism upto 1000 A.D. 1. Sources (Buddhism) a) Canonical and Non-Canonical Pali Literature b) Art and Architecture. 2. The Buddha Life of Buddha (from Birth till the Mahaparinirvana). 3. Teachings of Buddha a) Four Noble Truths. Eight fold path b) Law of Dependent Origination. (Paticcaccsamuccapada) c) Origin and Development of Sangha and Vinaya. 4. Buddhism and its Expansion a) Three Buddhist Councils b) Dhamma messengers sent by Asoka (Ashoka) after 3rd Buddhist Council, c) Buddhist Sects. 5. Impact of Buddhism on Society. a) Epistemological and Logical Aspects of Buddhism. 6. Sources (Jainism) Agamas - Literature of Jaina. Art and Architecture. 7. The Mahavira. Life of Mahavira. 8. Teachings of Mahavira a) Ethics b) NineTattvas c) Anekaravada • d) Six Dravyas 9. Spread of Jainism. a) Three Jaina councils b) King Samprati‘s contribution. c) Major Jain Sects 10. Impact of Jainism on Society 1 SOURCES OF BUDDHISM : (LITERARY SOURCES) Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Importance of Various Sources 1.3 Literary Sources Canonical Pali Literature 1.4 Non-Canonical Pali Literature 1.5 How Authentic is Pali -Literature ? 1.6 Summary 1.7 Suggested Readings 1.8 Unit End Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES (A) By reading this material student will understand which sources should be utilized for getting the information about Ancient Indian History and Culture & History of Buddhism itself. (B) Student will understand importance of the original literary sources known as ‗BUDDHA VACANA‘(Words of the Buddha) and its allied literature as a chief source for deriving information pertaining to history and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BROKEN BUDDHA Critical Reflections on Theravada and a Plea for a New Buddhism
    THE BROKEN BUDDHA Critical Reflections on Theravada and a Plea for a New Buddhism by S. Dhammika Preface Most of this book was written in 2001 although I was still tinkering with it three years later. After its completion I hesitated for a long time about publishing it, thinking that it might do more harm than good. Eventually, an a unauthorized draft appeared on the internet without either my permission or knowledge forcing me to publish the finished work. I had hoped that, if and when the book came out, to circulate it only within the Buddhist community. That is no longer possible. As it is, enough people, including a dozen or so Western monks and former Western monks, have convinced me that many of the things I have said need saying. I am fully aware that I am risking my reputation, the friendship of some people and perhaps a lot more by writing what I have and I expect to become the target of some very angry comments. My only hope is that The Broken Buddha will provoke wide-ranging, thoughtful and realistic discussion amongst Western Buddhists about the future of the Triple Gem in the West. Introduction There is no law in history which guarantees that Buddhism will grow roots in the West or advance beyond its present infantile stage. But one would expect that it will grow more conscious of its own difficulties and Buddhists will awaken to the problems which Buddhism itself thrusts upon man as an essential part of its treasure. One would also hope that doubt should appear as the sign of a deeper conviction.
    [Show full text]
  • A METTA-BUDDHIST INTEGRATED METHOD for CONFLICT MANAGEMENT in the MODERN SOCIETIES Venerable Okkansa Siddhi a Dissertation Submi
    A METTA-BUDDHIST INTEGRATED METHOD FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE MODERN SOCIETIES Venerable Okkansa Siddhi A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 A Metta-Buddhist Integrated Method for Conflict Management in The Modern Societies Venerable Okkansa Siddhi A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 (Copyright by Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University) Dissertation Title : A Metta-Buddhist Integrated Method for Conflict Management in The Modern Societies Researcher : Venerable Okkansa Siddhi Degree : Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Dissertation Supervisory Committee : Asst. Prof. Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull, B.A. (Advertising), M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) : Phramaha Somboon Vuḍḍhikaro, Dr., Pāli VII, B.A. (English), M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Date of Graduation : February 16, 2018 Abstract This qualitative research has three main objectives are: 1) to study the current conditions of conflict in the Modern Society, 2) to study the Metta Methods for conflict management based on Buddhism, 3) to propose a Metta Buddhist integrated Method for Conflict management in the Modern Society. The study which described the first objective is based on the concept of Metta conditions of conflict in Modern Society also in some of other terms in Theravāda Suttas of the Pāli Canon’s, Sutta-Nipāta and Khuddaka-patha and practices of loving-kindness meditation as Brahma-Vihāra, Metta Karunā, Muditā and Uppekkhā. In this universe there can be mentioned a Metta more than other necessities it the most powerful and can absend any battles and conflicts in this modern society.
    [Show full text]
  • Dhammapada a Translation
    2 Dhammapada A Translation by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) 3 Copyright © Thanissaro Bhikkhu 1998 This book may be copied or reprinted for free distribution without permission from the publisher. Otherwise all rights reserved. Revised edition, 2011. 4 Contents Preface Introduction I : Pairs II : Heedfulness III : The Mind IV : Blossoms V : Fools VI : The Wise VII : Arahants VIII : Thousands IX : Evil X : The Rod XI : Aging XII : Self XIII : Worlds XIV : Awakened XV : Happy XVI : Dear Ones XVII : Anger XVIII : Impurities XIX : The Judge XX : The Path 5 XXI : Miscellany XXII : Hell XXIII : Elephants XXIV : Craving XXV : Monks XXVI : Brahmans Historical Notes End Notes Glossary Abbreviations Bibliography 6 Preface Another translation of the Dhammapada. Many other English translations are already available—the fingers of at least five people would be needed to count them—so I suppose that a new translation has to be justified, to prove that it’s not “just” another one. In doing so, though, I’d rather not criticize the efforts of earlier translators, for I owe them a great deal. Instead, I’ll ask you to read the Introduction and Historical Notes, to gain an idea of what is distinctive about the approach I have taken, and the translation itself, which I hope will stand on its own merits. The original impulse for making the translation came from my conviction that the text deserved to be offered freely as a gift of Dhamma. As I knew of no existing translations available as gifts, I made my own. The explanatory material is designed to meet with the needs of two sorts of readers: those who want to read the text as a text, in the context of the religious history of Buddhism —viewed from the outside—and those who want to read the text as a guide to the personal conduct of their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P) ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O) International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research Review Article BUDDHIST COUNCILS (SANGITI) AND ITS LITERATURE: A REVIEW Potbhare Balaji M*, Wakode Vanmala *Research Officer (Ayu.), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Mother and Child Health, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Received on: 06/03/2019 Revised on: 17/03/2019 Accepted on: 31/03/2019 ABSTRACT There are two main philosophical sciences in India; atheistic (Charavka, Jain and Bauddha) and theist (Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaishehika, Purva mimansa and Uttar mimansa). In India, abundant literatures of philosophical sciences are available except Buddhist literature and the reasons are unknown. Buddhist literatures were in Pali language which was a dialect of ancient India and to preserve the invaluable teaching of the Buddha, till dated six Councils (Shangiti) were convened out of which three councils were assembled in ancient India. It is said that the knowledge of history of Indian culture is incomplete without the knowledge of Pali literature. Ayurveda is a Darshanshashtra (Philosophy) as well as clinical science having the goal of Moksha. Every Darshanshashtra has its goal to achieve the Moksha. Aastika and Nastika darshanshashtras have their influence on Ayurveda. The purpose of this paper is to know about the Buddhist councils along with at least appellations of the Buddhist literature. KEYWORDS: Buddhist, Ayurveda, Darshan, Councils (Shangati), Atharva Veda. INTRODUCTION The science of Ayurveda and its basic (lit.baskets); the Vinaya pitaka (the monastic concepts are based upon the Indian fundamental discipline), Shutta pitaka (the popular discourses), sciences which are called Darshan (a system of and Abhidhamma pitaka (a compendium of profound philosophy).[1] Six historical Dhamma councils or teachings elucidating the functioning and Dhamma-shangitis were organized to a mass and interrelationships of mind, mental factors, matter and preserve the words of the Buddha.
    [Show full text]