People

L. Rafael Reif Named New MIT Provost

L. RAFAEL REIF was named as the The provost is the senior academic years as Associate Head for Electrical new provost of the Massachusetts officer of the Institute, with overall Engineering. Prior to that, from Institute of Technology (MIT) this responsibility for MIT’s educational 1990 to 1999, he was Director of summer. He succeeds Robert A. Brown, and research programs, as well as for MIT’s Microsystems Technology who left MIT to become president faculty development, including the Laboratories, an interdepartmental of Boston University. In making recruitment, promotion and tenure enterprise involving faculty, students, the announcement, MIT President processes. As provost, Professor Reif and senior staff from throughout the Susan Hockfield said, “Professor will work closely with the academic Institute. Reif has held leadership positions deans to establish academic priorities Dr. Reif received his undergraduate at MIT for much of his 25 years on on an ongoing basis. Working with degree in electrical engineering the faculty, and is widely regarded the Executive Vice-President and from the Universidad de Carabobo, as a deeply thoughtful, collaborative other senior officers, he will have Valencia, Venezuela in 1973; and his leader. His early championing of responsibility for financial planning doctorate in electrical engineering MIT’s engagement in micro- and to meet those priorities. The provost from Stanford University in 1979. nanotechnologies; his concern for the also has responsibility for the The following year, he joined the broader impact of those technologies libraries, and for a number of major MIT faculty, and currently holds the on society; his engagement with interdisciplinary laboratories, centers, Maseeh Professorship in Emerging industry and government on both and programs on campus, as well as Technology. His current research is on technical and policy matters in this Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, three-dimensional integrated circuit country and abroad; his guidance on Massachusetts. technologies and on environmentally a wide range of policy matters at the Professor Reif, an internationally benign microelectronics fabrication. school and institute level; and his recognized researcher and educator outstanding teaching and student Dr. Reif is a Fellow of the Institute in microelectronics, has been a for Electrical and Electronic Engineers mentorship all promise to serve member of ECS since 1975. At MIT, MIT very well. I am delighted that and is a member of Tau Beta Pi. he has been head of the Department In 2000, he was a recipient of the he has agreed to take on this new of Electrical Engineering and responsibility and look forward to Semiconductor Research Corporation’s Computer Science since September Aristotle Award for outstanding working with him to increase MIT’s 2004, following more than five great strengths.” teaching and student mentorship. 

David J. Lockwood Receives Tory Medal from Royal Society of Canada

DAVID J. of the Luminescence and Display light emission in silicon, where LOCKWOOD, Materials Division (2002-2004). previous worldwide efforts over two FRSC, received Lockwood is Principal Research Officer decades had proved inconclusive. This the Tory Medal at the Institute for Microstructural highly cited work has already led to from the Royal Sciences of the National Research numerous new world-wide endeavors Society of Council of Canada. Recently (see in silicon nanocrystal research Canada this Interface, summer 2005), he was and technology. His application of past November. This medal is the top awarded the Brockhouse Medal of the inelastic light scattering to elucidate physical science award in Canada. Canadian Association of Physicists the dynamic properties of quantum It has been won previously by three for Outstanding Achievement in dots, superlattices, magnets, and phase of Canada’s Nobel Prize winners, G. Condensed Matter and Materials transitions has produced remarkable Herzberg, B. N. Brockhouse, and J. Physics. new insights into the physics of solids C. Polanyi. The medal is awarded bi- The announcement of the and has placed him amongst the annually for outstanding research in award noted that Lockwood is “an international elite in each of these a branch of astronomy, chemistry, internationally renowned authority quite disparate subjects. Lockwood’s mathematics, physics, or an allied whose research on the optical work has had a broad impact on the science carried out mainly in the eight properties of solids is characterized by development of solid-state physics; years preceding the date of the award; its extreme breadth and outstanding and his research underpins future but all the research of the candidate is innovation and originality. His applications of nanotechnology in taken into account. seminal work in recent years on areas as diverse as telecommunications Dr. Lockwood, a member of ECS quantum confinement effects in and biosensors.”  since 1994, was named an ECS Fellow semiconductor nanostructures in 2001. He has served on numerous culminated in the definitive Society committees; and was chair observation of quantum-confined

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WNT05_Pg1-XX.indd 18 11/23/2005 2:22:21 PM In Memoriam research until the end of his life). Many of these positive traits During that time, he supervised and rubbed off on his students, who influenced scores of PhD students learned much, much more than and postdoctoral fellows from just electrochemistry from Brian all corners of the world, many of Conway. He was indeed the “master” whom are now leading scientists in electrochemist and scientific mentor. industry, government and academia. Brian received scores of awards He had a prodigious research output and honors, both national and during his 60 years in the field, international, during his long, publishing over 400 scientific papers, distinguished scientific career. Two several textbooks, and editing in particular stand out. The first is some of the most important serial the Henry B. Linford Teaching Award volumes in electrochemistry of his of ECS in 1984, which recognizes day, such as “Modern Aspects of contributions to teaching at the Electrochemistry.” He is survived by university level and the mentoring his wife, Nina; and one son, Adrian, of young scientists and researchers. Brian E. Conway a PhD electrical engineer in the high- The second is the Olin Palladium 1927-2005 tech field, living in Boston. Award in 1989 from ECS, this being Brian conducted original the highest research award of the On July 9, 2005, Canada lost its most research in both main areas of Society; previous recipients include prominent electrochemist, BRIAN electrochemistry, i.e., ionics and Carl Wagner, U. R. Evans, A. N. E. CONWAY, to cancer at age 78. electrodics. Indeed, his strong Frumkin, and A. J. Bard. Only one Brian was born in London, England knowledge of the solution side other Canadian, the late Morris on January 26, 1927, and attended of the electrochemical system Cohen of NRC, has received this Imperial College, University of is doubtless responsible for his award during the past 55 years. These, London, where he received his PhD definitive and original contributions and the many other awards and in 1949 under the supervision of on the electrode side. His research honors he received, never inflated Dr. John O’M. Bockris. The field of encompassed electrode kinetics, Brian’s ego or changed his openness electrode kinetics was coming into its oxide film formation and and willingness to discuss science own at that time, and Brian and John electrocatalysis, properties of solvated with anyone. He was always a down- were two of the earliest trail-blazers ions and their adsorption, applied to-earth researcher who was driven by in this field in the western world. electrochemistry, batteries, fuel cells, an insatiable curiosity and desire to During that period, Brian was in a and supercapacitors. He was in many understand and explain phenomena. group that included Roger Parsons, ways a “complete” electrochemist Brian’s ability to discuss scientific Martin Fleishman, Edmund Potter, and covered pretty much the entire and J. W. Tomlinson. Brian worked at issues at length, in a detailed and subject. As a teacher and mentor, thoughtful manner, was legendary. the Chester Beatty Cancer Research Brian was exemplary. His more Institute of University of London A quote from his previous research than 100 graduate and postdoctoral supervisor, John Bockris, sums it as a permanent staff member from students realized that Brian had a 1949 to 1954, in close contact with up perfectly: “Conway was a superb unique and all-consuming passion discussion partner; and if the subject his other mentor, J. A. V. Butler, of for scientific research, as well as Butler-Volmer equation fame. In later was scientific theories of anything, the ability to understand and and one had three to four hours of years, Brian spoke fondly of Butler, explain phenomena in the physical whom he found to be a person of isolation and silence available, one sciences. He was certainly the top could have scientific discussions great scientific and personal stature. electrochemist in Canada for almost In 1954 Brian took up a senior as good as any John O’M Bockris half a century, and most say one has had with any of his co-workers. research position at the University of of the top physical electrochemists Pennsylvania, convinced by Bockris Discussions of a single topic usually in the world during that time. His lasted several hours. The first time to come to North America and try his knowledge, memory, and powers hand at electrochemistry in the “new the value of silence (3-4 minutes) of reasoning were legendary in during a discussion became clear world.” He came to the University of the scientific community, and his Ottawa as an associate professor in was with Conway. Then came students and co-workers greatly the murmured new suggestion, late 1956 with the encouragement of benefited from those talents and the late Keith J. Laidler, a renowned accompanied sometimes by a roughly abilities. At the same time, Brian made drawing on the board.” All physical chemist. He remained at was totally loyal to his colleagues, U. of O. for the rest of his research who worked with Brian would concur who could always count on him for with this statement. Even when he life, and became a professor emeritus support and “words-of-wisdom.” in 1993 (continuing full-time (continued next page)

In Memoriam

ARVID ARVIDSON (d.2005) — member since 1999, Electronics and Photonics Division

EDUMUND C. POTTER (d.2005) — member since 1951, Corrosion Division

MYRON A. COLER (1913-2004) — member since 1935, Electronics and Photonics Division

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WNT05_Pg1-XX.indd 19 11/23/2005 2:22:23 PM Conway glassblower, indeed he could have carry on scientific discussions, at least (continued from previous page) been a professional one if he had had when he wasn’t “blowing.” We usually was on vacation, Brian was coming the time. Glassblowing seemed to be went together for lunch at local up with new ideas and theories as he therapeutic for him, and allowed him Chinese and pizza restaurants, and sat on a sandy beach half-way around to show another side of his creativity. the discussions continued with Brian, the world. His graduate students and In the late ‘60s and early ‘70s, all of the students and postdocs. This was postdocs would receive post-cards his researchers came to the lab on the atmosphere that created some (this was long before e-mail) with Saturday and generally put in a full awfully good electrochemistry; and some new theory, and a suggested day. Brian would arrive first and leave I was fortunate to have been there. experiment to try, all in his famous last. Since he had free time on the We will never forget Brian Conway, handwriting. Most of the time, these week-ends, he would help with setting physical electrochemist, teacher ideas were on-the-mark, and would up experiments and do some routine and professor, mentor, amateur result in a publication down-the-road. glassblowing. But occasionally he glassblower, and true friend who was He had one of the most active, clever would take the time to actually make always there for us all.  minds of anyone I knew or will ever a 3-compartment electrochemical know, as well as a vast storehouse of cell from scratch, a not insignificant information that was always at his task that could take as much as a few This notice was prepared by Barry fingertips. These gifts and strengths hours, with more time afterwards MacDougall, National Research Council benefited all who worked and for annealing in an oven to relieve of Canada and ECS Vice-President; and associated with Brian Conway. the built-up stresses. He was like an by John O’M Bockris, professor at the artist at work, and truly enjoyed the University of Pennsylvania (1953-1972) Besides his ability as a scientist, challenge, and did not mind if others and distinguished professor at Texas Brian was also an excellent watched him worked. We could even A&M University (1978-1997).

In Memoriam attention on the importance of sci- own research program with the focus, ence and technology. creativity, and dedication that char- His college studies began at acterized his entire career. Soon he Hope College and continued at the had attracted a crew of talented and University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, inspired graduate students, built a where he was awarded a bachelor’s state-of-the-art apparatus for super- degree in chemistry. After graduation, sonic jet spectroscopy, and made Smalley spent four years working at important contributions to molecular a Shell Chemical Company plant in physics. A few years later, Smalley New Jersey. In 1969, he enrolled in enhanced his apparatus by installing the chemistry graduate program of a pulsed laser in the source chamber Princeton University. His PhD the- that could vaporize a wide variety sis research under Professor Elliot of high-melting target materials into Bernstein concerned the spectroscopy small molecular clusters. These novel Photo courtesy of courtesy Photo Rice University of molecular crystals at cryogenic species were then cooled in the super- temperatures. In 1973, he accepted sonic gas expansion and studied using Richard E. Smalley a postdoctoral appointment at the spectroscopy lasers combined with a 1943-2005 University of Chicago to work with mass spectrometer. This powerful new Donald Levy. There, a famous col- technique allowed him to invent and The scientific community has suffered laboration between Smalley, Levy, and pioneer another new field: the study a great loss with the death of RICHARD Lennard Wharton led to the invention of small metal and semiconductor ERRETT SMALLEY at age 62 following a of supersonic jet spectroscopy. This clusters. six-year battle against cancer. Smalley powerful experimental method mea- Smalley’s remarkable cluster spec- was particularly renowned to members sures the optical spectra of gas phase troscopy attracted the attention of of ECS for his famous discovery of molecules that are cooled nearly to Harry Kroto, a British molecular spec- Buckminsterfullerene and his pioneer- absolute zero without condensing. The troscopist who was interested in the ing research on carbon nanotubes. enormous spectral simplification that spectral signatures of linear chains of Richard Smalley (known as Rick) results from this ultracold gas phase carbon atoms that might be detected was born in 1943, the youngest of environment allowed the spectra of in interstellar space. Kroto contacted four children in a middle-class Ohio many molecules to be studied and Robert Curl, his friend on the Rice family that moved to Kansas City understood in unprecedented detail. faculty, and arranged to visit Houston when he was three years old. Growing The impact of supersonic jet molecu- in the summer of 1985 for three-way up there, Smalley developed a love lar spectroscopy in chemical physics collaborative experiments on carbon of science through his mother’s fas- is even greater today than it was at its using Smalley’s apparatus. As Smalley’s cination with the topic. He was also introduction thirty years ago. graduate students Jim Heath and inspired by an aunt who was one of In 1976, Rick Smalley came to Rice Sean O’Brien worked on this project, the few women in American univer- University in Houston to accept his they found a totally unexpected mass sities then holding the rank of full first and only faculty appointment. spectrum from species formed by laser professor of chemistry. In high school, Despite very modest start-up fund- vaporizing a graphite target. The mass Smalley became a serious student as ing and experimental space consist- spectrum showed a series of peaks aris- he encountered extraordinary sci- ing only of the corner of another ing from clusters with even numbers ence teachers and saw how the Soviet professor’s lab, Smalley began his of carbon atoms, and a dominant launch of Sputnik focused national signal at mass 720, corresponding to

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WNT05_Pg1-XX.indd 20 11/23/2005 2:22:26 PM 60 carbon atoms. This result instantly instead have enormous aspect ratios communication skills, and charisma. galvanized the researchers. In a burst and properties intermediate between He loved to teach and mentor his stu- of insight and creativity they quickly crystalline solids and molecules. The dents, inspiring them with the excite- deduced the correct explanation: the Smalley group made a long series of ment and importance of scientific new species must be a closed-cage important discoveries about carbon research. He was incredibly intelligent molecule with the structure of a soc- nanotubes, including novel growth and focused. His intellectual curios- cer ball. This was the discovery of methods that have provided the main ity let him soak up information from Buckminsterfullerene, C60. source of samples for researchers diverse fields like a sponge and then The assertion of this structure based around the world. In 2000, Smalley synthesize it into grand new ideas only on a mass spectral peak was founded Carbon Nanotechnologies, and plans. He was truly a scientific quite controversial, but Smalley and Inc., a company that is now a leading visionary, referred to as “Moses-like” his co-workers performed increasingly commercial producer of single-walled by some. Rick Smalley was absolutely elegant and persuasive experiments carbon nanotubes. Most recently, he fearless in abandoning the comforts of to support their claim. Following expanded his horizons beyond the a well-established research program to the 1990 discovery by Huffman and scope of conventional chemistry or leap into promising but uncertain new Kratschmer of a method to produce physics research to seek solutions fields. And he was fearless in battling fullerenes in bulk, the soccer ball to the immense problem of future his fatal disease, working intensely structure was immediately confirmed global energy needs. Smalley would until the very end of his life. He was and the field of fullerene science often travel to Washington and use devoted to and is survived by his wife, exploded. To date, tens of thousands his great powers of explanation and the former Deborah Lynn Sheffield, of papers have been published in this persuasion on high elected officials and his two sons, Chad and Preston. area, and an entire ECS Division is in order to shape national priorities Rick Smalley’s untimely death is a focused on studies of fullerenes and in scientific research, including the loss not only to his family, friends, related carbon nanostructures. In rec- National Nanotechnology Initiative. students, colleagues, and collabora- ognition of their landmark discovery, Rick Smalley was a passionate believer tors, but to the worldwide communi- Smalley, Curl, and Kroto were awarded in the power of science and technol- ties that he led and served. He will be the 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry. ogy to solve great problems. One of deeply missed and long remembered.  his favorite bits of advice to students Not content to continue working was “Become a scientist and save the in the expanding and vital field that world.” This notice was prepared by R. Bruce he had pioneered, Smalley turned Weisman of Rice University. his attention in the early 1990s to an This account of Rick Smalley’s sci- even newer area: carbon nanotubes. entific career does not convey the These are materials that are related remarkable personal qualities of the to the spheroidal fullerenes, but man. He had great personal charm,

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY MONOGRAPH SERIES

The following volumes are sponsored by The Electrochemical Society, Inc., and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. They should be ordered from: The Electrochemical Society, Inc., 65 South Main St., Pennington, NJ 08534-2839, USA.

Semiconductor Wafer Bonding Just Published! by Q. -Y. Tong and U. Gösele (1998) Fundamentals of Electrochemistry (2nd Edition) 297 pages. ISBN 0-471-57481-3. $125.00 Edited by V. S. Bagotsky (2005) 722 pages. ISBN 0-471-70058-4. $120.00 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition by M. Paunovic and M. Schlesinger (1998) Electrochemical Systems (3rd edition) 301 pages. ISBN 0-471-16820-3. $105.00 by John Newman and Karen E. Thomas-Alyea (2004) 647 pages. ISBN 0-471-47756-7. $120.00 Corrosion of Stainless Steels (2nd edition) by A. J. Sedriks (1996) Modern Electroplating (4th edition) 437 pages. ISBN 0-471-00792-7. $130.00 by M. Schlesinger and M. Paunovic (2000) 832 pages. ISBN 0-471-16824-6. $195.00 Synthetic Diamond: Emerging CVD Science and Technology Edited by K. E. Spear and J. P. Dismukes (1994) Atmospheric Corrosion (2nd edition) 688 pages. ISBN 0-471-53589-3. $185.00 by C. Leygraf and T. Graedel (2000) 354 pages. ISBN 0-471-37219-6. $120.00 Electrochemical Oxygen Technology by K. Kinoshita (1992) Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook (2nd edition) 444 pages. ISBN 0-471-57043-5. $285.00 by R. Winston Revie (2000) 1300 pages. ISBN 0-471-15777-5. $265.00 ECS Members will receive a discount. Invoices for the cost of the books plus shipping and handling will be sent after the volumes have been shipped. All prices subject to change without notice.

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Winter 2005 21

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