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Caryophyllaceae اﺳﺖ

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ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﻋﻠﻮم زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﻠﺪ 2، ﺷﻤﺎرة Nova Biologica Reperta Vol. 2 (2): 91-102 (2015) 91 -102 :2 91/91 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارزش ﮐﺮك در ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﻨﺲ .Gypsophila L ازﺗﯿﺮة ﻣﯿﺨﮑﯿﺎن 1 2 1 ﻋﻄﯿﻪ ﻧﮋادﻓﻼﻃﻮري ، ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ اﺳﺪي و ﻓﺮخ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽﻧﮋاد درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 28/11/1393/ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1394/4/15 1 ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﻮارزﻣﯽ، ﺗﻬﺮان 2 ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت: [email protected] ﭼﮑﯿﺪه. ﺟﻨﺲ Gypsophila ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﯿﺮة Caryophyllaceae اﺳﺖ. وﺟﻮد ﯾﺎ ﻓﻘﺪان ﮐﺮك روي ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎه ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش 13 آراﯾﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ ﻧﮕﺎره ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﺗﻤﺎم آراﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ و ﭼﻨﺪﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻃﻮل ﮐﺮك ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ از ﻧﻈﺮ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرآﯾﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺪود ﺑﺨﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش ﻧﯿﺰ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮐﺮك آﻧﻬﺎ در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم وارﯾﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ: G. pilosa var. glabra و .G. polyclada var. leioclada. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي. Caryophylloideae، اﯾﺮان، زﯾﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ Dichoglottis، زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ Pseudosaponaria ، وارﯾﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، Gypsophila .Gypsophila pilosa var. glabra ،polyclada var. leioclada Taxonomic significance of indumentum in the genus Gypsophila L. (Caryophyllaceae) Atiye Nejad Falatoury1, Mostafa Assadi2 and Farrokh Ghahremaninejad1 Received 17.02.2015 / Accepted 06.07.2015 1Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran Correspondent author: [email protected] Abstract. Gypsophila is the fourth biggest genus of Caryophyllaceae. Presence or absence of indumentum on different parts of the plant is one of the most important diagnostic characters between the species of this genus. The indumentum of 13 taxa of this genus were examined using scanning electron microscopy. All taxa had multicellular and glandular trichomes. Size of trichomes can represent as distinguishing trait between morphologically closed species. Although the most important characters in the delimitation of the sections were morphological, trichomes characters were also supportive. The indumentum was constant among different populations of each species except for two species whose glabrous specimens were described here as new varieties: Gypsophila pilosa var. glabra and Gypsophila polyclada var. leioclada. Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 20:37 +0330 on Wednesday October 6th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.2.2.91 ] Keywords. Caryophylloideae, Iran, subgenus Dichoglottis, subgenus Pseudosaponaria, var. nov., Gypsophila polyclada var. leioclada., Gypsophila pilosa var. glabra ﻋﻄﯿﻪ ﻧﮋادﻓﻼﻃﻮري و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران. ارزش ﮐﺮك در ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ A. Nejad Falatoury et al. Taxonomic significance of indumentum 92/92 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﺎزﮔﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ ,.Nejad Falatoury et al) 2015) ﺗﯿﺮة ﻣﯿﺨﮑﯿﺎن (.Caryophyllaceae Juss) از راﺳﺘﮥ . ﻣﯿﺨﮏﺳﺎﻧﺎن (Caryophyllales) داراي ﺣﺪود 85 ﺟﻨﺲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر Saponaria L. (ﺳﺮده) و 2630 ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه در ﮐﺮة زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن و Allochrusa Bunge ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺣﺎرهاي و ﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﻤﮑﺮة ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ,Mabberley) از ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺎوﻧﺪان ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ اﯾﻦ Fior et al., 2006 (2008. ﺟﻨﺲ Gypsophila ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﺪود 150 ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( ). در ﺳﺎل 2010 Harbaugh ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه در دﻧﯿﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﺮة ﻣﯿﺨﮑﯿﺎن و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم Gypsophila ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻟﯿﻨﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1753 ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ دادﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮوه Saponaria ﺷﺪ (Mabberley, 2008). ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1867 ﺧﻮاﻫﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت در اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﺮه ﻧﯿﺰ (Greenberg & ﻣﯿﻼدي Boissier 56 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ را در 8 ﺑﺨﺸﻪ اﺧﯿﺮاً ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ - Amini Donoghue, 2011) ﺟﺎي داد (Barkodah .(Boissier, 1867 126 ﮔﻮﻧﮥ اﯾﻦ . و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران رﯾﺰرﯾﺨﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ را ﺑﻪ 8 ﺑﺨﺸﻪ و 3 زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﮥ ﮔﺮده را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت Gypsophila Saponaria (Barkodah, 1962). ﭘﺲ از آن در ﻓﻠﻮر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ 46 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪ 9 ﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ ,Huber-Morath) را ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و دﻻﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺪا ﻧﺒﻮدن (Amini et Gypsophila Ankyropetalum 1967) ، وﻟﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮ 59 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 10 ﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﺑﺮاي از دارد al., 2011) ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﮔﺰارشﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ & Ataslar, 2000; Ataslar) . ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز ازﻧﻈﺮ ;Ocak, 2005; Özçelik, 2011; Budak, 2012 ﺳﯿﺘﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﻋﺪاد ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ [G. caricifolia Boiss., n = Hamzaoğlu, 2012; Korkmaz & Yıldırımlı, (Gypsophila 2012; Koç, 2013 آنﻫﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ . ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻨﻮع اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ G. lurorum Rech.f., n=17; G. pallida ;17 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در آن ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ، ﻗﻔﻘﺎز، ,.Stapf, n=17 and G. polyclada Fenzl ex Boiss n=34] (Aryavand & Favarger, 1980; Ghaffari ﺷﻤﺎل ﻋﺮاق و اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﭘﯿﺶ از اﯾﻦ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از (et al., 2005; Ghahremaninejad et al., 2013. 126 ﮔﻮﻧﮥ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ 75 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ 49 ﺗﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﺤﺼﺎري از ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺰرﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ وﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ و ﻫﺮ 8 ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ردهﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺘﯿﮏ (Barkoudah, ﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺣﻀﻮر دارﻧﺪ و ﺣﺘﯽ در ﭘﺎرهاي ﻣﻮارد ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ دﻓﻌﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه- 1962) . ﻃﺒﻖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﺖ Olsen et al., 2003; Ghahremaninejad et) Gypsophila ، 47 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، 10 ﺑﺨﺸﻪ و 4 زﯾﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ در اﯾﻦ (al., 2012. ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ دارد. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ 37 ﮔﻮﻧﮥ آن در ﻣﺤﺪودة ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان وﺟﻮد ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ رﯾﺰرﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ (Rechinger, دارد و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻮك ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﺳﯿﻠﮥ ﮔﯿﺎهﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اوﻗﺎت 1988) . ﻣﻈﻔﺮﯾﺎن ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1991 ﺗﺎ 2008 دو ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪهاي در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. [ Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 20:37 +0330 on Wednesday October 6th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.2.2.91 G. rupestris Mozaff. ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎمﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﻔﺖ ﮐﺮك در ردهﺑﻨﺪي از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ G. elymaitica Mozaff. Mozaffarian 1991 ( ) و ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﯿﺮهﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪﺳﺎدﮔﯽ از G. Mozaffarian 2008 ( ) را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮدهاﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﮥ روي اﻧﻮاع ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻮارد دﯾﮕﺮ از - alvandica Falat., F. Ghahrem. & Assadi ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ در ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪﻫﺎي درون ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ,Metcalfe & Chalk) ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﻋﻠﻮم زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﻠﺪ 2، ﺷﻤﺎرة Nova Biologica Reperta Vol. 2 (2): 91-102 (2015) 91 -102 :2 93/93 (1950. ﮐﺮك ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ در ﺷﺮحﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاي G. heteropoda از اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن، ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ و ﭘﯽﺑﺮدن ﺑﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺸﻪ در اﯾﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ G. linearifolia ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزشﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ .Fisch. & C.A.Mey) Boiss) (ﺷﮑﻞ -2 19، 20، ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ارزش ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد G. melampoda Bien. ex Boiss.،(21 (ﺷﮑﻞ -2 22، ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ آن در ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ و ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﺗﯿﺮهﻫﺎي G. pseudomelampoda Rech.f.،(23 (ﺷﮑﻞ -2 24، ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﭼﻮن ﺑﺎﻗﻼﺋﯿﺎن .G. mucronifolia Rech.f. ،(27 (Zarre, 2003; Fabaceae Lindl (ﺷﮑﻞ -2 25، 26)، (Ghahremaninejad, 2004، راﺷﯿﺎن G. diffusa Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Rupr. Fagaceae و .G adenophora Boiss. & Buhse Panahi et al., 2003 Dumort. ( )، ﻧﻌﻨﺎﻋﯿﺎن ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي (Salmaki et al., 2009; Lamiaceae Martinov ﮐﺮﮐﺪار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ دو ﮔﻮﻧﮥ G. melampoda (Seyedi & Salmaki, 2015، ﮔﻞ ﻣﯿﻤﻮﻧﯿﺎن .Bien. ex Boiss و .G. pseudomelampoda Rech.f .Attar et al., 2007) Scrophulariaceae Juss) و ﮐﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏاﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎ - ﺷﺎهﭘﺴﻨﺪﯾﺎن .Cantino, Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil) ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت زﯾﺎد ﻃﻮل ﮐﺮك و ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﺎص ﮐﺮك ﺑﺎ (1990 ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﯿﺪه ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﮔﻮﻧﮥ G. pseudomelampoda ﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد (ﺟﺪول 1). در ﺑﻘﯿﮥ ﺑﺨﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ .G. perfoliata L (ﺷﮑﻞ -2 34، 35، ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ 36) و .G. lurorum Rech.f (ﺷﮑﻞ 1- 12، 15) ﺑﺮگ- ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه،ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﺎي ﮐﺮﮐﺪار دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻃﻮل ﮐﺮك در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت FAR T LE TARI اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮمﻫﺎي ، ، ، ، اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي G. lurorum (ﺷﮑﻞ 1- 12، 15) داراي FUMH TUH IRAN ، و ﺑﻪﻋﻼة ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﮐﺮكﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮمﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي W ،P ،KEW ،G ،E ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ (ﻣﺨﻔﻒ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮمﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وﺟﻮد و ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺮك روي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ Thiers, 2015). ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﮐﺮك ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ ﻧﮕﺎره KYKY ﻣﺪل EM3200 ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل G. transcaucasica Barkoudah ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2- 31، 32، 33) ﺑﻪراﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﮐﺮك در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ از .G. virgata Boiss ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺪون ﮐﺮك اﺳﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ داده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﻨﻮع ﮐﺮك ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﮐﺮﮐﺪار وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻋﻀﺎي زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺸﮥ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ Williams, 1889 Drypidipetala Williams G. perfoliata ( ) از ﺟﺰ درﮔﻮﻧﮥ و اﻋﻀﺎي زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ [ Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 20:37 +0330 on Wednesday October 6th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.2.2.91 G. pilosa Huds. Pseudosaponaria Williams Boissier, 1867 Dichoglottis Boiss. ﺑﺨﺸﮥ ( ) اﺳﺖ. G. platyphylla ﺑﻪﺟﺰ Freyn, 1903) G. heteropoda Freyn) ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ- (ﺷﮑﻞ 1- 1، 2، 3: ﺷﮑﻞ -3 5، 6)، G. boissieriana Boiss. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﮥ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ (ﺷﮑﻞ 1- 4، 5، 6) و ﮐﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻧﺪازة ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ، ﻃﻮل ﮐﺎﺳﻪ و ﮔﻠﺒﺮگ و ﻏﺸﺎﯾﯽﺑﻮدن داراي ﮐﺮكﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل 200 ﺗﺎ 1500 ﺑﺮاﮐﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﮐﺮكﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ A. Nejad Falatoury et al. Taxonomic significance of indumentum ﻋﻄﯿﻪ ﻧﮋادﻓﻼﻃﻮري و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران. ارزش ﮐﺮك در ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ 94/94 ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 170 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ دارﻧﺪ و در اﻏﻠﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﺑﯿﺶ از 150 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﺮكﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه دارﻧﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1). ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎ در اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﺪودي در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ G. nabelekii Schischk. ﮐﺮﮐﭙﻮش ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي (ﺷﮑﻞ -1 16، 17، 18) ﮐﺮك ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ روي ﮐﺎﺳﻪ و دﻣﮕﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺑﻪﺟﺰ اﻋﻀﺎي زﯾﺮﺑﺨﺸﮥ Drypidipetala و زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ G.
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  • European Red List of Medicinal Plants

    European Red List of Medicinal Plants

    European Red List of Medicinal Plants Compiled by David Allen, Melanie Bilz, Danna J. Leaman, Rebecca M. Miller, Anastasiya Timoshyna and Jemma Window European Red List of Medicinal Plants Compiled by David Allen, Melanie Bilz, Danna J. Leaman, Rebecca M. Miller, Anastasiya Timoshyna and Jemma Window IUCN Global Species Programme IUCN European Union Representative Office IUCN Species Survival Commission Published by the European Commission. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or the European Union. Citation: Allen, D., Bilz, M., Leaman, D.J., Miller, R.M., Timoshyna, A. and Window, J. 2014. European Red List of Medicinal Plants. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Design and layout: Imre Sebestyén jr. / UNITgraphics.com Printed by: Rosseels Printing Picture credits on cover page: Artemisia granatensis is endemic to the mountains of Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. The plant is considered Endangered as a result of population decline and range contraction. ©José Quiles Hoyo / www.florasilvestre.es All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details). Photographs should
  • Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 141 (2019) 259–278

    Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 141 (2019) 259–278

    Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 141 (2019) 259–278 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Physiology and Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/plaphy Research article The elemental composition of halophytes correlates with key morphological T adaptations and taxonomic groups ∗ Zeinab Matinzadeha, Hossein Akhania, , Mehdi Abedib, Sara Palacioc a Halophytes and C4 Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran b Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Iran c Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, 16, 22700, Jaca, Huesca, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Halophytes are crucial in the light of increasing soil salinization, yet our understanding of their chemical Caryophyllales composition and its relationship to key morphological traits such as succulence or salt excretion is limited. This Ionome study targets this issue by exploring the relationship between the elemental composition of 108 plant species Lake Urmia from saline environments in Iran and their eco-morphological traits and taxonomy. Leaves and/or photo- Persian Gulf synthetic shoots of individual species and soils were sampled and analyzed for 20 elements in plant samples and Phylogeny 5 major elements plus % gypsum content, pH, and EC in soil samples. Eu-halophytes and leaf- and stem-suc- Recreting halophytes Succulent halophytes culent and salt-recreting plants showed high concentrations of Na, S, and Mg and low concentrations of Ca and K. In contrast, pseudo-halophytes, facultative-halophytes and eury-hygro-halophytes, which often lack succulent shoots, showed low Na, S, and Mg and high Ca and K concentrations in their leaves.
  • Download the Book of Abstracts

    Download the Book of Abstracts

    Book of Abstracts Christian Ries & Yves Krippel (eds) NEOBIOTA 2016 Biological Invasions: Interactions with Environmental Change 9th International Conference on Biological Invasions Wikimedia Commons Photos: Vianden, Luxembourg 14 - 16 September 2016 www.neobiota2016.org Supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche, Luxembourg (Project Code 11253560) NEOBIOTA 2016 Biological Invasions: Interactions with Environmental Change 9th International Conference on Biological Invasions Vianden, Luxembourg 14-16 September 2016 Book of Abstracts Christian Ries & Yves Krippel (eds) Fondation faune-flore Institut de recherche sur le patrimoine naturel et la diversité biologique Supported by the Fonds national de la recherche, Luxembourg (RESCOM/2016/11253560) 3 Impressum Ries C. & Y. Krippel (2016) (eds). Biological Invasions: Interactions with Environmental Change. Book of abstracts. NEOBIOTA 2016 - 9th International Conference on Biological Invasions. Vianden, Luxembourg, 14-16 September 2016. Fondation faune-flore, Luxembourg. 256 pp. ISBN 978-99959-0-255-1. This abstract book can be downloaded in PDF format from the neobiota.eu website. Cover photos from https://commons.wikimedia.org (from left to right): 1. Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), Maryland (US). Unknown date. Author: Susan Ellis, Bugwood.org. 2. Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), Schwetzinger Hardt (Germany). 24 April 2015. Author: AnRo0002. 3. Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose). Biyamiti Weir, Kruger NP (South Africa). 16 January 2015. Author: Bernard Dupont. 4. Clathrus archeri (Octopus stinkhorn). 25 October 2004. Author: Oilys. 5. Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared sliders). 17 May 2007. Author. Laszlo-photo. 6. Neogobius kessleri (Bighead goby), an invasive species from the Danube, here in the river Rhine at Arnhem (NL). 21 August 2009. Author: viridiflavus.
  • DOI: 10.4274/Tjps.49140 Essential Oil and Fatty Acid Composition Of

    DOI: 10.4274/Tjps.49140 Essential Oil and Fatty Acid Composition Of

    DOI: 10.4274/tjps.49140 Essential Oil and Fatty Acid Composition of Endemic Gypsophila laricina Schreb. from Turkey Hüseyin Servi, Betül Eren Keskin, Sezgin Çelik, Ümit Budak, Büşra Kababıyık 1Departmant Of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Altınbas University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department Of Molecular Biology And Genetics, Faculty Of Engineering And Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey 3Department Of Molecuar Biology And Genetics, Faculty Of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 4Department Of Biology, Faculty Of Arts & Science, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey proof INTRODUCTION: Gypsophila species have very high medicinal and commercial importance and also contains interesting natural substances. However, there is no report on the essential oil and fatty acid composition of any Gypsophila species. This prompted us to investigate the essential oil and fatty acid composition of Gypsophila laricina Schreb. METHODS: Plant materials were collected during the flowering period. Essential oil composition of aerial parts of Gypsophila laricina Schreb. were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. And the fatty acid compositions were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Sixty-six and ten compounds were identified in the essential oil and fatty acid of G. laricina Schreb. respectively. The major components of the essential oil were hexadecanoic acid (27.03%) and hentriacontane (12.63%). The main compounds of the fatty acid were (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (18: 2) 40.4%, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (18: 1) 35.0 % and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16: 0) 13.0%. uncorrectedDISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The result showed that the fatty acid composition are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • WO 2016/103267 Al 30 June 2016 (30.06.2016) P O P C T

    WO 2016/103267 Al 30 June 2016 (30.06.2016) P O P C T

    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/103267 Al 30 June 2016 (30.06.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, A01H 5/00 (2006.01) A01H 1/04 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (21) International Application Number: MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PCT/IL20 15/05 125 1 PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (22) International Filing Date: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, 23 December 2015 (23. 12.2015) TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (26) Publication Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (30) Priority Data: TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 62/096,039 23 December 2014 (23. 12.2014) US TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicant: IMAGINATURE LTD. [IL/IL]; P.O. Box LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, 186, 5029700 Moshav Mishmar HaShiva (IL).
  • An Updated Checklist of the Vascular Flora Alien to Italy

    An Updated Checklist of the Vascular Flora Alien to Italy

    Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy G. Galasso, F. Conti, L. Peruzzi, N. M. G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, L. Celesti-Grapow, A. Albano, A. Alessandrini, G. Bacchetta, S. Ballelli, M. Bandini Mazzanti, G. Barberis, L. Bernardo, C. Blasi, D. Bouvet, M. Bovio, L. Cecchi, E. Del Guacchio, G. Domina, S. Fascetti, L. Gallo, L. Gubellini, A. Guiggi, D. Iamonico, M. Iberite, P. Jiménez-Mejías, E. Lattanzi, D. Marchetti, E. Martinetto, R. R. Masin, P. Medagli, N. G. Passalacqua, S. Peccenini, R. Pennesi, B. Pierini, L. Podda, L. Poldini, F. Prosser, F. M. Raimondo, F. Roma-Marzio, L. Rosati, A. Santangelo, A. Scoppola, S. Scortegagna, A. Selvaggi, F. Selvi, A. Soldano, A. Stinca, R. P. Wagensommer, T. Wilhalm & F. Bartolucci To cite this article: G. Galasso, F. Conti, L. Peruzzi, N. M. G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, L. Celesti- Grapow, A. Albano, A. Alessandrini, G. Bacchetta, S. Ballelli, M. Bandini Mazzanti, G. Barberis, L. Bernardo, C. Blasi, D. Bouvet, M. Bovio, L. Cecchi, E. Del Guacchio, G. Domina, S. Fascetti, L. Gallo, L. Gubellini, A. Guiggi, D. Iamonico, M. Iberite, P. Jiménez-Mejías, E. Lattanzi, D. Marchetti, E. Martinetto, R. R. Masin, P. Medagli, N. G. Passalacqua, S. Peccenini, R. Pennesi, B. Pierini, L. Podda, L. Poldini, F. Prosser, F. M. Raimondo, F. Roma-Marzio, L. Rosati, A. Santangelo, A. Scoppola, S. Scortegagna, A.
  • Biological Diversity and Conservation

    Biological Diversity and Conservation

    ISSN 1308-5301 Print ISSN 1308-8084 Online Biological Diversity and Conservation CİLT / VOLUME 5 SAYI / NUMBER 3 ARALIK / DECEMBER 2012 Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Üzerine Yayın Yapan Hakemli Uluslararası Bir Dergidir An International Journal is About Biological Diversity and Conservation With Refree BioDiCon Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Biological Diversity and Conservation Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Üzerine Yayın Yapan Hakemli Uluslararası Bir Dergidir An International Journal is About Biological Diversity and Conservation With Refree Cilt / Volume 5, Sayı / Number 3, Aralık/December 2012 Editör / Editor-in-Chief: Ersin YÜCEL ISSN 1308-5301 Print ISSN 1308-8084 Online Açıklama “Biological Diversity and Conservation”, biyolojik çeşitlilik, koruma, biyoteknoloji, çevre düzenleme, tehlike altındaki türler, tehlike altındaki habitatlar, sistematik, vejetasyon, ekoloji, biyocoğrafya, genetik, bitkiler, hayvanlar ve mikroorganizmalar arasındaki ilişkileri konu alan orijinal makaleleri yayınlar. Tanımlayıcı yada deneysel ve sonuçları net olarak belirlenmiş deneysel çalışmalar kabul edilir. Makale yazım dili Türkçe veya İngilizce’dir. Yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen yazı orijinal, daha önce hiçbir yerde yayınlanmamış olmalı veya işlem görüyor olmamalıdır. Yayınlanma yeri Türkiye’dir. Bu dergi yılda üç sayı yayınlanır. Description “Biological Diversity and Conservation” publishes original articles on biological diversity, conservation, biotechnology, environmental management, threatened of species, threatened of habitats, systematics,