IndonesianINDONESIAN Journal of SocialJOURNAL and Environmental OF SOCIAL AND Issues, E NVIRONMENTALVolume 1, Issue 1 (April ISSUES 2020): (IJSEI) 22-27 ISSN: 2722-1369 (Online), Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 22-27 https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei

Research Article

The Impacts of the Use of the Bagan Apung on the Socio-Economic Life of Fishermen Communities Mirdan Sabdillah Sahar1, Suharty Roslan2, Sarpin3 Department of Sociology Halu Oleo University, 1Email: [email protected] 2Email: [email protected] 3Email: [email protected]

Received 25 January 2020, Accepted 11 March 2020, Published 17 April

Abstract: This study aims to determine the considerations or reasons why fishing communities use of the Bagan Apung and their impact on the socio-economic life of the fishing communities of Pasir Putih Village, Lembo District, North . This type of research is using qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results in this study indicate that using the Bagan Apung by fishermen is due to the consideration that it is simple to make, simple to use, and quickly gets the catch. The impact of the use of the Bangan Apung on the socio-economic life of the fisherman community, namely social impacts includes education, social interaction, and health. While the economic impact includes income, expenditure, and investment. Keyword: Bagan Apung; Fishermen Community; Socio-Economic.

Introduction According to Ridwan (2017), Indonesia is Indonesia is one of the largest archipelago also referred to as a maritime country. countries in the world which consists of Besides, Indonesia has an estimated number thousands of islands, where two-thirds of its of 17,508 islands with a beach length of territory consists of oceans. This condition 90,000 km. Small islands spread throughout provides a huge potential for fishery the archipelago are 13,607 islands. Seen in resources. Since the first coastal communities terms of its geography, Indonesia is located or fishermen have known the benefits of the between two oceans and two continents, the sea, both as a medium of transportation, Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, the defense, education, and as a source of natural Australian continent and the Asian continent food. With the diversity of potential marine which is the strategic location of a country. resources, Indonesia can build a society for the Meanwhile, in terms of oceanography, sake of present and future prosperity. Indonesia has a variety of depths. The The area of waters reaching 5.8 million Indonesian Ocean which lies on the equator is Km² which is divided into territorial waters also an advantage because many types of 0.3 million Km², the archipelago waters are 2.8 marine resources inhabit the vicinity. And is million Km² and the Exclusive Economic Zone encouraged by having a tropical climate. (ZEE) is 2.7 million Km². From the data Potential marine resources encourage to carry obtained, the utilization of the potential of out effective utilization and processing. The fisheries resources in the territory of emergence of fishing gear is a form of Indonesia has only reached half of the utilization of marine resources used. Fishing sustainable potential possessed. Based on the gear many kinds and types, such as nets, traps, evaluation results, the sustainable potential of gillnet, sero, fishing rod, payang, and so on. fishery resources reaches approximately 4.5 Fishing gear has its respective uses tailored to million tons/year, and the potential of ZEE is the behavior and characteristics of the fish. 2.1 million tons/year (Dahuri, 2000). Where fish are attracted to light (photo taxis) this is used by fishermen to catch fish. There

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 22-27 are various characteristics of fish life. As usual, fishing gear has been used for a long time by living on the surface of the water (pelagic), the fishing community of Pasir Putih Village. ponds, and at the bottom of the waters The business of catching fish using (domersal). Bagan Apung fishing tools has considerable In its development, the type of fishing advantages and opportunities to be developed equipment increased and more advanced with in the area because 13.38% of the area of the emergence of a variety of new is a waters/coastal technologies. Fishing gear is also a major area. factor in utilizing available fish resources. One With the use of the Bagan Apung fishing type of fishing gear in Indonesia is a chart. A gear, it greatly affects the socio-economic chart is a fishing gear classified into a group of living conditions of the Pasir Putih Village lift nets. There are several types of Bagan in community, where this tool greatly facilitates Indonesia, including Bagan Tancap, Bagan and benefits the fishing community in terms of Rakit, Bagan Perahu, and Bagan Apung, as fishing that has the potential to increase the technology develops, fishermen prefer Bagan income of the Pasir Putih Village fishing Apung. The purpose of capture in the form of community so that they can meet their daily small pelagic fish species. needs. The waters of Southeast are The floating chart is very easy for the potential fishing areas in the capture fisheries fishing community to catch fish in the sea business. Efforts to utilize fisheries resources without having to use tools such as fish bombs in these waters are mostly carried out by and others that can damage the marine floating fishing and trawl ring capture units ecosystem and the results of the use of this that operate at night. Fishing activities carried floating bag are very beneficial and out by utilizing the nature of the attraction of environmentally friendly. Based on the fish to light. Fish that are attracted to light will background of the above problems, the gather and interact with each other around purpose of this study is to determine the waters that can be reached by light. The factors that cause fishing communities to use positive phototaxic nature of fish and potential floating fishing gear and to determine the fishing grounds is utilized by floating bag impact of the use of floating fishing gear on the fishermen and trawlers to get the maximum socio-economic life of the fishing communities catch of fish, using mercury lamps as lighting. of Pasir Putih Village, Lembo District North Fishing activities with lighting can form Konawe optimal fishing grounds at night and increase the production of fishing results in each Materials and Methods fishing unit. This research has been carried out in North Konawe is one of the regencies in Pasir Putih Village, Lembo District, North . North Konawe Regency Konawe Regency. The choice of location is was definitively formed on January 2, 2007. At based on the consideration that at that present North Konawe has 11 districts, location many fishermen use floating fishing namely Motui, Sawa, Lembo, Wawolesea, gear with a variety of factors that influence the Lasolo, Molawe, Andowia, Wanggudu, Oheo, use of floating fishing gear and their impact on Wiwirano, and Langgikima. (BPS Konawe the socio-economic conditions of community Utara, 2016). The area of North Konawe life. Regency is 500,339 Ha or 13.38% of the area This research is using qualitative research of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The area of methods that aim to understand individuals sea waters (referred to as the waters of South in-depth and in detail because qualitative Konawe Regency and Konawe District) ± methods directly meet and conduct deeper 11,960 Km² or 10.87% of the waters area of interviews. The informants of this research are Southeast Sulawesi (BPS Southeast Sulawesi, people who are sources of information that 2016). can provide data following the problem under Pasir Putih Village is one of the villages in study. This research technique is a purposive the Lembo District. The people of Pasir Putih sampling technique where the researcher uses Village mostly earn a living as fishermen, they the consideration of the informant to be taken use a fishing gear called a Bagan Apung. This based on the research that the selected

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 22-27 informant is the informant who best meets the Fishermen community in Pasir Putih Village, requirements and is considered capable of Lembo District, North Konawe Regency. providing information following the needs of research data. In this study, the informants Results and Discussion were 1 person from the Pasir Putih Village 1. Considerations for the Using of the government and 17 people from the Pasir Bagan Apung Putih Village community as Bagan Apung a. Easy to Make fishing gear users, so the total number of In the process of making the Bagan Apung informants was 18 people. fishing gear, it is quite easy because it is done While the data sources in this study in a group, that is, assisted by other fishing include primary data that is data sourced from communities or by cooperation and the the results of direct interviews from materials used are easily obtained so that the informants and observations of researchers in manufacturing process does not take a long the field of informants and secondary data that time, the material is also easy is obtained. is data sourced from libraries, previous b. Easy to Operate research reports (scientific research reports/ As fishermen, of course, they need to use journals), books and documentation in the tools that can facilitate fishing activities that form of photos relevant to the research topic. are effective and easy to operate because the Data collection techniques in this study results will be satisfying, this is what is done include Observation, namely by observing by the fishing community in the Pasir Putih directly to obtain an overview of the factors Village where they move from the old fishing that cause the use of Bagan Apung fishing gear gear to the new one, the Bagan Apung because and its impact on the socio-economic living in operating it is easier it does not cost too conditions of the Fishermen community in much and saves energy. On the other hand, Pasir Putih Village, Lembo District, North fishing communities use the Bagan Apung Konawe Regency. fishing gear because of the superiority of using Interview, this data collection technique is the Bagan Apung, which is that the operators done by asking questions verbally and in are very young, just turning the Bagan pole to person (face to face) with informants who are lower the net and turning the Bagan pole back supported by interview guidelines. To obtain to lift the net. information about the factors that cause the c. Lots of Catches use of the Bagan Apung fishing gear and its Interest in using the Bagan Apung fishing impact on the socio-economic conditions of gear because the results obtained are more the fishing community of Pasir Putih Village, and more promising than using other fishing Lembo District, North Konawe Regency. gear. The use of the net trap (Bubu) results Documentation, namely in the collection obtained from the Bagan Apung can meet the of data through written relics (documents) economic needs of the family well. Aside from such as population data, socioeconomic data, that the advantage of using the Bagan Apung and location description as well as makes it easier for fish to gather and the fish photographic evidence when conducting that are collected do not spread any more. interviews with research subjects and 2. Socio-Economic Impacts of the Use of informants. In this study, documentation is the Bagan Apung used to obtain data related to the research a. Education Improvement objectives. Education determines one's success in This study uses descriptive qualitative pursuing a career, both in formal and informal analysis techniques by collecting data through environments. In general, the level of observation, interviews, and documentation. education a person has can affect a person's The data obtained will be presented in the social status in society. According to the form of explanations, descriptions and results of the study, the fishermen of the illustrates the real reality so that it becomes Bagan Apung in the past did not have a good clear about the factors that cause the use of educational background due to the inability of the Bagan Apung fishing gear and its impact their parents to pay for their children's on the socio-economic living conditions of the schooling in education and for the present time the Bagan Apung fishermen do not want

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 22-27 the same thing felt by the children their respective interests, so that the birth of a children. They hope that their children can relationship or meeting physically, and succeed in education by relying on work as a association (non-physical) work together to Bagan Apung fisherman who can send their solve a problem or allow a meeting in a children to school and focus on educating their dispute and so forth. children. c. Better Health Based on the results of research that has Health is very important for those who been done shows that informants with jobs as work as fishermen of Bagan Apung. It is Bagan Apung fishermen have satisfactory known that Bagan Apung fishermen are a results, as evidenced by their ability to send process that does not require a lot of energy, their children to college and succeed in power, or energy. From the research results education. The social environment also obtained in the operation process of Bagan influences the attainment of children's Apung, it does not require or drain a lot of education. Social conditions that affect energy because its use is enough to lower the individuals in two ways, namely directly and net when it is lowered, fishermen of Bagan indirectly. Direct influence such as family, Apung can take time to rest while waiting until social environment, work environment, the time comes to increase the net, only a little organization, and others. staying up late when the fish are rising, so the b. Social Interaction of Fishermen risk of exhaustion or illness is very minimal. Communities Besides, the fishermen always maintain Every human being in his life in the good health, to remain strong in working in community is always connected or interacting addition to other things that aim to not get with other humans to meet their socio- sick easily in the future. Compared to fishing, economic needs. This is because humans are Bagan Apung is easier to operate. When known as social creatures where humans live fishing they cannot sleep due to staying up late in a society that is aware of or needs help from waiting for the fish to eat their fishing lures, so others. it becomes sleepy and it is very dangerous Based on the results of research and when fishermen drive the boat, whereas when observations in Pasir Putih Village, Lembo using Bagan Apung only lowers the net and District, North Konawe Regency, shows that turns on the generator so there is plenty of social relations, especially interactions that time to rest and when the Bagan Apung occur between fellow fishermen and other fishermen wake up the body condition is communities go well. This is evident because already getting back in shape to raise the net. of the ties of kinship and kinship or the This is in line with the concept of health absence of kinship ties, there is still a good as referred to by Sarwoto in (Nuraeda, 2003) relationship, for example, a). Help each other that public health is the life of the community when there is a lack of capital for the needs of which is regulated in such a way that has fishermen by borrowing money from relatives sufficient ability to maintain and advance his or neighbors without any agreement, b). When own life and the life of his family which makes there are families who are grieving or having a it possible to work, and aims to prevent the wedding, etc. the fishermen will not go to sea onset of disease, prolong life, and enhance but will help until the event is over c). When health values. there is an announcement from the village d. Income Increases head that community service will be held, the The economic condition of a family community will not go anywhere except to do depends on the results of the income obtained. community service together, d). Helping one This means that if the level of income as a another when people are affected. family head is quite high, then welfare tends to This is in line with the concept of social be high, on the contrary, if the income of the interaction as intended by Syani (1994) that head of the family decreases, then the level of social interaction is a mutual influence family welfare will also decrease. This can be between the two parties, between one understood because the high level of income individual and another group to achieve goals. allows the optimal fulfillment of both material In social interactions, reciprocal relationships and non-material aspects. occur according to the situation and their

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Based on the results of research that of investment activities, the money is diverted those who work as Bagan Apung fishermen to be invested for future profits. are sufficient to be able to help the economy in It can be seen that the Bagan Apung has a meeting the needs of the fishermen's lives period of around eight to ten years. Bagan because the income per day or one time Apung fishermen insert their income to fishing from the results of Bagan Apung is prepare if Bagan Apung is damaged. If minor sufficient to meet the needs of daily life. But on damage is sufficiently repaired, but if it has the other hand, the income of Bagan Apung large damage, it will be replaced with a new fishermen, there are certain seasons where one using the money that has been inserted so they earn a lot and less. The Bagan Apung that it does not experience difficulties. Besides, fishermen know two seasons, namely the east in the profession of an informant as a and west seasons, for the east season the fisherman in Bagan Apung for about 6 years he income is lacking, while the west season has a inserted some of his income and had bought lot of income and the change of the season land as an investment in the future because he occurs every six months. thought that he had a child who would later e. Minimize Expenditure settle down and of course, would build a house As the times are increasingly demanding no longer difficult to buy land to build a house. on fulfilling the needs of life that is increasingly high makes an individual or Conclusion family pay more attention to meet the needs of Based on the results of the research and life that they need only or the needs that are discussion described, it can be concluded that important to continue to maintain the survival the use of Bagan Apung by the fishing of individuals or families community in Pasir Putih Village is based on Based on the results of the study, it can be consideration of its ease of manufacture, its seen that in the operation of Bagan Apung, ease of use, and the abundant catch. Thus, the there are always costs every day, where impact on the socio-economic conditions of starting from transportation equipment such fishermen. Social impacts include aspects of as boats, the people of Pasir Putih Village have education, social interaction of fishing used boats that use engines and not only that communities, and health. While the economic in the operation of Bagan Apung such as impact can be seen from the aspect of generators or generators that help in lighting increasing income, expenditure, and in Bagan Apung requires fuel and the amount investment. of expense in one operation of Bagan Apung is 40 thousand rupiahs for purchasing fuel, then References spending the family's needs is mainly starting Dahuri, R. (2000). Pendayagunaan Sumber from food and others. Daya Kelautan Untuk Kesejahteraan Expenditures in the operation of Bagan Rakyat. Jakarta: LISPI dan DKP. Apung every day are specifically for fuel costs, Ridwan, Muhaamad. (2017). Kearifan Lokal but in this case to save the expenses of Masyarakat Nelayan Pada Usaha fishermen's fuel costs, usually Bagan Apung Penangkapan Ikan dengan Teknologi fishermen always condition equipment such Bagan Apung. Skripsi. Universitas Halu as engines in boats and generator engines in Oleo . Bagan Apung if the fuel is still there at the time Badan Pusat Statistik. (2016). Luas Wilayah of the previous operation, the fishermen only Perairan Sulawesi Tenggara. Kendari. bought enough fuel, so that expenditure was Badan Pusat Statistik. (2016). Luas Wilayah not much. Perairan di Konawe Utara. Lembo. f. Investment Basrowi dan Siti Juariyah. (2010). Analisis Investment is the activity of allocating or Kondisi Sosial dan Tingkat Pendidikan investing current resources in the hope of the Masyarakat Desa Srigading, Kecamatan future. Investments that bring benefits to Labuhan Maringgai, Kabupaten groups and individuals and certain Lampung Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi dan environments, investing money now means Pendidikan. Vol 7 No 1 April 2010. that money should be consumed, but because

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Abdulsyani. (1994). Sosiologi Kelompok dan Masalah Sosial. Jakarta: Fajar Agung. Nuraeda. (2003). Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Penjual Sayur. Skripsi.

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