DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of a Metal Mast and Guy Wires on the Performance of the 600-0Hm Multiple-Wire Delta Antenna Harold N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of a Metal Mast and Guy Wires on the Performance of the 600-0Hm Multiple-Wire Delta Antenna Harold N Tournai of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Vol. 46, No. 2, February 1951 Research Paper 2182 Effect of a Metal Mast and Guy Wires on the Performance of the 600-0hm Multiple-Wire Delta Antenna Harold N. Cones This report describes the resul ts of measurements made to determine the effect of a metal mast and guy wires on t he radiation pattern a nd the effect of guy wires on t ile ter­ minal impedance a nd the radiation e ffi ciency of the 600-ohm mult iple-wire delta antenna. Model techniques were used to obtain radiation patterns of identical antennas s upported in vario us ways. Curves are presented showing t he ter mi nal impedance over t he frequency range 1 to 25 megacycles of full -scale a ntennas wit h a nd wi t hout g uy wires. A graph of t he quasi-radiatio n effici ency of t he antenna as a fun ction of frequency is s hown . I. Introduction at 25 :Nfc. Pattern measurements were made over a grou nd mat of metallic mesh. When the model The 600-ohm multiple-wire delLa antenna 1 (fig. 1) was supported by a metal masL, Lhjs mast was used in ionosphere studies requires only a single electri cally con nected to the ground mat. large wooden mast. This mast, which is lc s than The model an Lenna was used as a receiving an­ 80 ft. long, can ordinaril y be procured and erected te nna. A baLLery-operated high-frequency trans­ in most locations. However, in some locations it mi tter mod ulaLed at an audio frcq uency was mounted may be desirable to u.se a sectionalized metal mast. at Lhe apex of an A-frame and moved abou t the As the mas I, lies in a neu Lral plane of Lhe antenna, model in a semicircular arc of 13 ft. in radiu s. The it wo uld appear that if the antenna was electrically angular displacement of the Lransmitter wiLh res pect and mechanically symmeL rical and was fed by a to grou nd was Lr ansferred to Lhe t urnLable of a balanced transmitter there would be no radiation recorder by means of a sclsyn system. The signal from a metal supporting mast. It is quiLe im­ received by the model was reclin ed and th e res ul tlng probable however that such a compleLely balanced audio-frequen cy volLage passed through a seri es of condition will prevail. Any unbalance in Lhe sys­ selective amplifiers and se rvomechanism Lo cause tem will cause a residual current flow in Lhe mast, a radial displ acemen t of a pen on the recorder which at resonance could become quite large caus­ tu rntable. Thus as Lhe transmitter was moved ing appreciable r adiation. I t would also seem through an arc of ]80 deg. , Lhe verLical radiation desirable to usc guy wires to help support eiLher a pattern of the anLenn a was automatically ploLted. wooden or m etal mast. Because the effecLs of a F igure 3 is a diagram of the model range showi.ng metal mast and guy wires on the radiation pattern the paths of th e target transmi tter with reference to and impedance of th e delta antenna are d iffi cult the antenna up.der test. The model antenna was to predi ct analytically , experimental measurements located in the X -Z plane. Radiation patterns were were made to determine these eff ects. This report measured in. th e X-Z and Y-Z planes. In measuring describes the results of these measurements. patterns in the X-Z plane the polarization of t he transmitting antenna was always such that the II. Instrumentation electric vector was tangent to the m eridian arc XZX'. In measuring patterns in. th e Y-Z plane, the Radiation pattern measurements were made by electric vector was always parallel to the X axis. using model techniques. That is, all dimensions The patterns obtained show the relative power of the antenna were scaled down by a certain factor th at would be radiated by the antenna at different in Lhis case 30, and th e frequency was scaled up by vertical angles in a given plane for a given frequency. the same factor. The model antennas were sup­ The patterns were normalized, that is, the gain of ported by nonconducting or metal masts of a diam­ the pattern plotter was adjusted for each frequency eter corresponding to 1 ft. in diameter on a full-scale to give a full-scale deflrction at the point of maximum antenna. Since ordinarily a single mast supports gain. Pattern m easurements were made only for the one transmitting and one receiving delta antenna frequencies equivalent to 14 through 25 Mc because, mounted at right angles to each other, guy wires with the scale factor of 30 which was used, the model when used were spaced as shown in figure 2. In range was too small for measurements at lower all cases the guy wi.res were insulated from the pole frequencies. and from ground. Wnen continuous guy wires Impedance measurements of full-scale antenna were used . these wer e the only insulators. The were made with a balanced recording impedance sectionalized guy wires had insulators at a spacing meter that automatically plots the absolute magni­ equivalent to every 776 ft., or about 0.2 wavelength tude of input impedance of an an.tenna over the frequ ency range 1 to 25 Mc. A block diagram and I II. N . Oones, H . v. Oottony, a nd J . M. Wa tts, A 600·ohm multiple·wire delta antenna for io nos phere studies, J . Research N BS 44, 475 (1950) RP2094. brief description of this instrument have been 11 3 published.2 Basically, it consists of a sweep fre­ tinuous guy wires. At this frequency the long guy quency generator with' a constant-current output, wires are 2 wavelengths long and the short guy the voltage across the output terminals being, wires are 1 wavelength long. Also at this frequency, therefore, directly proportional to the impedance the metal mast is approximately 1% wavelengths impressed across the output terminals. The instru­ long. From 22 through 25 Mc the patterns are very ment is calibrated by substituting noninductive nearly alike, although the use of the sectionalized resistors for the unlmown impedance. The absolute guy wires results in a slight change in the radiation magnitude of the unknown impedance at any pattern at 24 and 25 Mc. frequency can be determined by interpolating The difference in the radiation patterns observed between the calibrating lines. at 15 Mc between antennas employing nonconduct­ This instrument can also be used to obtain an ing and metal masts (both without guy wires) is at­ indication of the radiation efficiency of a nonresonant tributed to the resonance of the mast close to this antenna. The curve plotted by the impedance frequency. This effect would not be observed ex­ meter when an antenna is connected to its output cept for the existence of an exciting voltage that terminals shows in arbitrary units the voltage across would have to arise from an unbalance incidental to the antenna imput terminals. The curve also shows the model antenna system under test. Therefore, the impedance of the antenna, as the voltage is as the unbalance is likely to vary in different installa­ directly proportional to impedance. Since the input tions it may be expected that the resonance effects voltage and the input impedance of the antenna are discussed above will likewise vary in magnitude. lmown, the input power (in arbitrary units) can be Figure 5 shows comparative radiation patterns computed for frequencies at which the antenna is in the Y-Z plane for all four methods of support. purely resistive. These are, for all practical pur­ At anyone frequency the patterns are substantially poses, the frequencies at which the impedance is alike. either a maximum or a minimum. If measurements It is seen that tho use of continuous guy wires is are made of the voltage across the terminating very effective in suppressing side lobes in the X -Z resistor, the power dissipated in the resistor (in the plane at 14 and 15 Me and to some extent effective same arbitrary units) can be determined. Knowing in reducing low-angle radiation at other frequencies. the power input to the antenna and the power They do not appear to affect the pattern in the Y-Z dissipated in the terminating resistor, a quasi-radia­ plane. tion efficiency of the antenna (taken as the quotient of the power input less the power dissipated in the IV. Results of Impedance Measurements terminatin.g refistor and the power input) can be evaluated. This quasi-radiation efficiency always Impedance measurements were made of full-scale exceeds the true radiation efficency, since it in­ antennas. As no metal mast was available, tests cludes the copper, ground, and dielectric losses as were limited to determining the effect of continuous power radiated. guy wires on the terminal impedance of the antenna. The following impedance measurements were III. Results of Radiation Pattern made: 1. Measurements of an antenna without guy Measurements wires; 2. measurements of an antenna with long continuous guy wires, that is, guy wires fastened to Radiation pattem m easurements were made of the top of the mast; 3. measurement of an antenna four identical antennas supported by a noncon­ with long and short continuous guy wires, that is, ducting mast, by a metal mast, by a metal mast and guy wires fastened to the top of the mast and guy continuous guy wires, and by a metal mast and guy wires fastened to the mast 35 ft above the ground.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of a Floating Vs. Grounded Output Associated Power Technologies
    To Float or Not to Float? Analysis of a floating vs. grounded output Associated Power Technologies Introduction In electrical circuits, voltage is always measured between two points: a point of high potential and a point of low or zero potential. The term “reference point” denotes the point of low potential because it is the point to which the voltage is referenced. An example of a voltage measurement is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Voltage measurement between line (high) and neutral (low) with the neutral tied to a ground reference point. The voltage at the low reference point is often referred to as a “ground” or “earth ground” because it is tied directly to the earth. Grounding electrical circuits is necessary for safety in the event that a fault occurs within the system. Without a good ground, there could be potential shock hazards on any piece of electronic equipment. Grounded systems can present their own set of problems. Small differences in potential within a grounding system can cause ground loops and these loops can have adverse effects ranging from data loss to presenting a severe safety hazard. As a result, it is beneficial to utilize a power source that gives the operator the flexibility of choosing either a grounded or floating output reference. This article will briefly outline the concept of grounding, discuss issues with grounding systems, and provide details about how Associated Power Technologies (APT) power sources can solve common issues with safety and grounding. Earth Ground and Chassis Ground Earth and Ground are perhaps the most misunderstood terms in electronics.
    [Show full text]
  • Conductors/Insulators Conductors & Insulators
    Conductors/InsulatorsConductors & Insulators 1 Conductors and insulators are all around us. Those pictured here are easy to identify. Can you describe why each is either a conductor or an insulator? 2 Photo B shows how air and distance can be good insulators. Why is air a good insulator? Why is distance a good insulator? 3 It’s not always easy to tell if something is a good conductor of electricity. Which of the items pictured are good conductors? Why? 4 Which of the items pictured are good insulators? Why? 5 Explain how the items pictured could create an electrical hazard to you. Never fly a kite near power lines. Visit tampaelectric.com/safety to learn more about electrical safety. Electromagnets 1 Electromagnets are used every day to perform large and small tasks. They make it possible for a crane to pick up large pieces of metal or a pad-mounted transformer to power your home. They can even make it possible for your doorbell to ring when you have a visitor. 2 The crane magnet, pad-mounted transformer and doorbell all contain a wire-wrapped electromagnet just like the one you created in class. However, a crane magnet and pad-mounted transformer use much more electricity. 3 Which one of the photographs shows an electromagnet? 4 Which one of the photographs does not show an electromagnet? 5 How could a pad-mounted transformer be dangerous to you? 6 If you see a pad-mounted transformer that has been damaged or its door is open, how is this dangerous and what should you do? Visit tampaelectric.com/safety to learn more about electrical safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Power Transfer: a Developers Guide
    WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER: A DEVELOPERS GUIDE APEC2017 Industry Session 26-30 March 2017 Tampa, FL Dr. John M. Miller Sr. Technical Advisor to Momentum Dynamics Contributions From: Mr. Andy Daga CEO, Momentum Dynamics Corp. Dr. Bruce Long Sr. Scientist, Momentum Dynamics Corp. Dr. Peter Schrafel Principal Power Scientist, Momentum Dynamics Outline PART I Momentum Dynamics Perspective – Commercialization markets – Installation – Safety and standards – Heavy duty vehicle focus PART II FAQ’s about WPT – Communications, alignment – HD vs LD charging, FCC – LOD, FOD, EMF PART III Understanding the Physics – Coupler design for high k – Performance attributes, k, V, f, h – Thermal performance of coupler PART IV What Happens IF? – Loss of communications, contactor trips Wrap Up APEC 2017 Industry Session 2 AGENDA PART I Momentum Dynamics Perspective APEC 2017 Industry Session 3 MOMENTUM DYNAMICS World-Leading Wireless Power Transmission Technology for Vehicle Electrification • We provide the essential connection between the vehicle and the electric supply grid. • Our technology is enabling and transformative. • Fundamentally benefits transportation and material logistics across multiple vertical markets. • It removes technical impediments which would slow the advancement of major industries (automotive, material handling, defense, others). Momentum Dynamics has been developing high Fast Wireless Charging for all classes of vehicles power WPT systems since 2009 APEC 2017 Industry Session 4 Commercialization Markets Low Speed Vehicles Utility Vehicles – golf cars, airports, parks, campuses, police, neighborhood EV’s Industrial Lift Trucks Many types, existing EV market, +$16B in vehicle sales/yr Commercial Vehicles Multiple classes, must save fuel, 33 million registered in US Buses Essential Precursors Essential Mandated to go to alternative fuel, must save fuel costs WPT is commercial this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Resonant Wireless Power Transfer to Ground Sensors from a UAV
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Computer Science and Engineering, Department CSE Conference and Workshop Papers of 5-2012 Resonant Wireless Power Transfer to Ground Sensors from a UAV Brent Griffin University of Nebraska–Lincoln, [email protected] Carrick Detweiler University of Nebraska–Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cseconfwork Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Griffin, entBr and Detweiler, Carrick, "Resonant Wireless Power Transfer to Ground Sensors from a UAV" (2012). CSE Conference and Workshop Papers. 191. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cseconfwork/191 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science and Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSE Conference and Workshop Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation RiverCentre, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA May 14-18, 2012 Resonant Wireless Power Transfer to Ground Sensors from a UAV Brent Griffin and Carrick Detweiler Abstract— Wireless magnetic resonant power transfer is an emerging technology that has many advantages over other wireless power transfer methods due to its safety, lack of interference, and efficiency at medium ranges. In this paper, we develop a wireless magnetic resonant power transfer system that enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide power to, and recharge batteries of wireless sensors and other electronics far removed from the electric grid. We address the difficulties of implementing and outfitting this system on a UAV with limited payload capabilities and develop a controller that maximizes the received power as the UAV moves into and out of range.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydraulics Manual Glossary G - 3
    Glossary G - 1 GLOSSARY OF HIGHWAY-RELATED DRAINAGE TERMS (Reprinted from the 1999 edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Model Drainage Manual) G.1 Introduction This Glossary is divided into three parts: · Introduction, · Glossary, and · References. It is not intended that all the terms in this Glossary be rigorously accurate or complete. Realistically, this is impossible. Depending on the circumstance, a particular term may have several meanings; this can never change. The primary purpose of this Glossary is to define the terms found in the Highway Drainage Guidelines and Model Drainage Manual in a manner that makes them easier to interpret and understand. A lesser purpose is to provide a compendium of terms that will be useful for both the novice as well as the more experienced hydraulics engineer. This Glossary may also help those who are unfamiliar with highway drainage design to become more understanding and appreciative of this complex science as well as facilitate communication between the highway hydraulics engineer and others. Where readily available, the source of a definition has been referenced. For clarity or format purposes, cited definitions may have some additional verbiage contained in double brackets [ ]. Conversely, three “dots” (...) are used to indicate where some parts of a cited definition were eliminated. Also, as might be expected, different sources were found to use different hyphenation and terminology practices for the same words. Insignificant changes in this regard were made to some cited references and elsewhere to gain uniformity for the terms contained in this Glossary: as an example, “groundwater” vice “ground-water” or “ground water,” and “cross section area” vice “cross-sectional area.” Cited definitions were taken primarily from two sources: W.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Power Distribution Through Single Wire Earth Return (Swer) System
    International Journal of Engineering and Technology Research Vol. 18 No.5 March, 2020. Published by Cambridge Research and Publications ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION THROUGH SINGLE WIRE EARTH RETURN (SWER) SYSTEM. ARIYANNINUOLA, ANTHONY, ALE OLUWAFEMI SOLOMON & APONJOLOSUN JOHNSON KAYODE Dept of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The principle of implementing Single Wire Earth Return System in power distribution was explained in this paper. The conditions which favour the use of this distribution system were discussed. The basic electrical equipment necessary for implementing this system were mentioned. The features of the transformers needed for this type of distribution were discussed. A detailed circuit diagram of single wire earth return system was illustrated and explained. The advantages and set backs of this system of power distribution were enumerated. The author emphases the need for employing Single Wire Earth Return System in the developing countries as its aids fast connection of the rural communities to the grid. The comparion between the conventional grid and single wire earth return system was carried out which revealed that single wire earth return system uses lesser electrical conductor for its transmission hence less expensive. The author also found out that Single Wire Earth Return System is a means of improving socio-economic activities in the rural communities where the conventional grid system cannot be reached. The author concluded by stating the need to embrace the use of Single Wire Earth Return System. Apart from rural electrification, the author stated other areas where Single Wire Earth Return System is useful. Recommendation were giving on the nature of soil where the earth electrode should be installed and how best to improve Single Wire Earth Return System [SWER] output voltage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Single-Wire Power Transfer Method for Wireless Sensor Networks
    energies Article A Novel Single-Wire Power Transfer Method for Wireless Sensor Networks Yang Li, Rui Wang * , Yu-Jie Zhai , Yao Li, Xin Ni, Jingnan Ma and Jiaming Liu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (Y.-J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (X.N.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (J.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-152-0222-1822 Received: 8 September 2020; Accepted: 1 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have broad application prospects due to having the characteristics of low power, low cost, wide distribution and self-organization. At present, most the WSNs are battery powered, but batteries must be changed frequently in this method. If the changes are not on time, the energy of sensors will be insufficient, leading to node faults or even networks interruptions. In order to solve the problem of poor power supply reliability in WSNs, a novel power supply method, the single-wire power transfer method, is utilized in this paper. This method uses only one wire to connect source and load. According to the characteristics of WSNs, a single-wire power transfer system for WSNs was designed. The characteristics of directivity and multi-loads were analyzed by simulations and experiments to verify the feasibility of this method. The results show that the total efficiency of the multi-load system can reach more than 70% and there is no directivity. Additionally, the efficiencies are higher than wireless power transfer (WPT) systems under the same conductions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground-To-Air Antennas and Antenna Line Products Information About KATHREIN Broadcast
    BROADCAST CATALOGUE Ground-to-Air Antennas and Antenna Line Products Information about KATHREIN Broadcast As of 1st June 2019, KATHREIN SE's (formerly KATHREIN-Werke KG) business unit "BROADCAST" will be transferred to KATHREIN Broadcast GmbH (limited liability company). From 1st June 2019, the new company data are: KATHREIN Broadcast GmbH Ing.-Anton-Kathrein-Str. 1, 3, 5, 7 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany Tax Payer's ID No.: 156/117/31113 VAT Reg. No.: DE 323 189 785 Commercial Register Traunstein: HRB 27745 Catalogue Issue 06/2019 All data published in previous catalogue issues hereby becomes invalid. We reserve the right to make alterations in accordance with the requirements of our customers, therefore for binding data please check valid data sheets on our homepage: www.kathrein.com Please also see additional information on inside back cover. Our quality assurance system and our Our products are compliant to the EU environmental management system apply Directive RoHS as well as to other to the entire company and are certified RoHS environmentally relevant regulations by TÜV according to EN ISO 9001 and (e.g. REACH). EN ISO 14001. Antennas for Communication Antennas for Communication Antennas for Navigation Antennas for Navigation Electrical Accessories Electrical Accessories Mechanical Accessories Mechanical Accessories Services Services Summary of Types The articles are listed by type number in numerical order. Type No. Page Type No. Page Type No. Page Type No. Page 711 ... 727 ... 792 ... K63 ... 711329 50, 51 727463 28, 29 792008 75 K637011 601825 73 727728 34, 35 792246 76 713 ... K64 ... 713316B 56, 57 729 ... 800 ... K6421351 601704 66, 67 713645 83 729803 28, 29 80010228 49 K6421361 601686 68, 69 K6421371 601687 68, 69 714 ..
    [Show full text]
  • Rectifier Troubleshooting
    TROUBLESHOOTING PRELIMINARY • To troubleshoot, one must first have a working knowledge of the individual parts and their relation to one another. • Must have adequate hand tools • Must have basic instrumentation: Accurate digital voltmeter with diode test mode for silicon units Clamp-on AC – DC ammeter Voltage detectors Cell phone very useful • Observe all safety precautions RECTIFIER COMPONENTS • Cabinet - protects the rectifier components from the elements • Circuit Breaker - serves as an on - off switch and overload protection • Transformer - reduces the line voltage to a useable level for the cathodic protection system and isolates the CP system from the incoming power • Rectifier Stack - used to change A.C. to D.C. (Silicon) or (Selenium) • Fuses - to protect the more expensive components (like Diodes, ACSS,etc. • Meters - used to indicate D.C. Voltage and D.C. Current • Shunts - used to accurately measure circuit current •Arrestors - protects the rectifier from voltage and lightning surges TROUBLESHOOTING - BASIC An adequate inspection and maintenance program will greatly reduce the possibility of rectifier failure. Rectifier failures do occur, however, and the field technician must know how to find and repair troubles quickly to reduce rectifier down time. MAJOR CAUSES OF RECTIFIER FAILURES 1. NEGLECT 2. AGE 3. LIGHTNING TROUBLESHOOTING PRECAUTIONS • Turn the RECTIFIER and the MAIN DISCONNECT OFF! • Be careful when testing a rectifier which is in operation. Safety first • Consult the rectifier wiring diagram before troubleshooting • Correct polarity must be observed when using DC instruments • Rectifier should be in the OFF position before using an OHMETER • Common sense prevails TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURES Most rectifier troubles are simple and do not require extensive detailed troubleshooting procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendations for Transmitter Site Preparation
    RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRANSMITTER SITE PREPARATION IS04011 Original Issue.................... 01 July 1998 Issue 2 ..............................11 May 2001 Issue 3 ................... 22 September 2004 Nautel Limited 10089 Peggy's Cove Road, Hackett's Cove, NS, Canada B3Z 3J4 T.+1.902.823.2233 F.+1.902.823.3183 [email protected] U.S. customers please contact: Nautel Maine, Inc. 201 Target Industrial Circle, Bangor ME 04401 T.+1.207.947.8200 F.+1.207.947.3693 [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] www.nautel.com Copyright 2003 NAUTEL. All rights reserved. THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE. IT IS INTENDED TO AUGMENT COMPETENT SITE ENGINEERING. IF THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEEN THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT AND LOCAL ELECTRICAL CODES, THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE LOCAL ELECTRICAL CODE SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE. Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Potential Threats 1.2 Advantages 2 LIGHTNING THREATS 2.1 Air Spark Gap 2.2 Ground Rods 2.2.1 Ground Rod Depth 2.3 Static Drain Choke 2.4 Static Drain Resistors 2.5 Series Capacitors 2.6 Single Point Ground 2.7 Diversion of Transients on RF Feed Coaxial Cable 2.8 Diversion/Suppression of Transients on AC Power Wiring 2.9 Shielded Isolation Transformer 3 ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 3.1 Shielded Building 3.2 Routing of RF Feed Coaxial Cable 3.3 Ferrites for Rejection of Common Mode Signals 3.4 EMI Filters 3.5 AC Power Sources Not Recommended for Use 4 HIGH VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN CONCERNS 4.1 RF Transmission Systems 4.2 High Voltage Feed Throughs 4.2.1 Insulator
    [Show full text]
  • Solutions for Electrical Power & Ground Connections
    Solutions for Electrical Power & Ground Connections North America • Insulators • Grounding Products • Busbar Supports • Cabling Sleeves • Connecting Clamps nVent.com/ERIFLEX | a b | nVent.com/ERIFLEX TABLE OF CONTENTS Advantages and Markets ..................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Certificates ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Product Overview ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 Copper Busbars ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................6-7 Connecting Clamps and Accessories ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8-9 nVent ERIFLEX Connecting, Earthing and Neutral Busbars....................................................................................................................................10 Universal Connecting Bars .............................................................................................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Field Installation of Corrosion Monitoring and Cathodic Protection Systems
    Technical Memorandum No. MERL-2012-40 Guidelines for Field Installation of Corrosion Monitoring and Cathodic Protection Systems U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation December 2012 Mission Statements The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Technical Memorandum No. MERL-2012-40 Guidelines for Field Installation of Corrosion Monitoring and Cathodic Protection Systems U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation December 2012 BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Technical Service Center, Denver, Colorado Materials Engineering and Research Lab Group, 86-68180 Technical Memorandum No. MERL-2012-40 Guidelines for Field Installation of Corrosion Monitoring and Cathodic Protection Systems 8/2 --------Mfed:r Daryl A. Little Date "Materials Engineer, Materials Engineering and Research Lab Group, 86-68180 Z- Che1648: Jessica D. Tor� Date Materials Engineer, Mats Engineering and Research Lab Group, 86-68180 � Editorial Approval: Teri Manross Date Technical Writer-E 'tor, Client Support and Technical Presentations Office, 86-68010 ( Technic�oval: Lee E. Sears� Date Material ngineer, Materials Engineering and Research Lab Group, 86-68180 ///7 �- Peer Review: William F. Kepler, P.E. Date Civil Engineer, Materials Engineering and Research Lab Group, 86-68180 REVISIONS l l d Date Description d e ica va ke ar c ro iew hn c he Rev Prep Peer C Te App Contents Page Chapter I: Introduction........................................................................................1 Corrosion Monitoring and Cathodic Protection Systems ................................
    [Show full text]