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Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities

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Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities 1 Note for accessibility: Complete explanations of figures with titles are in Appendix G. 2 Suggested citation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Water Works Association. Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2012. Updated 2019. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of their agencies or organizations. The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by authoring agencies or organizations. American Water Works Association Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Environmental Protection Agency 3 Contents 1. Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................... 6 2. Executive Summary............................................................................................... 7 3. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 8 4. Overview of Plan Development Process ....................................................................... 9 Step 1: Assemble the facility’s EWSP team and the necessary background documents ....................... 9 Step 2: Understand water usage through a water use audit .................................................... 9 Step 3: Analyze your emergency water supply alternatives .................................................... 9 Step 4: Develop and Exercise Your EWSP ..................................................................... 9 5. Step 1: Assemble the facility’s EWSP team and the necessary background documents ............... 10 6. Step 2: Understand water usage through a water use audit ................................................ 11 6.1. Water Use Audit Work Plan .............................................................................. 11 6.2. Phase 1: Determine Water Usage under Normal Operating Conditions .................................. 11 6.3. Phase 2: Identify Essential Functions and Minimum Water Needs ....................................... 12 6.4. Phase 3: Identify Emergency Water Conservation Measures ............................................. 13 6.6. Phase 5: Develop Emergency Water Restriction Plan ..................................................... 14 6.5. Phase 4: Identify Emergency Water Supply Options ...................................................... 14 7. Step 3: Analyze your emergency water supply alternatives ................................................ 15 7.1. Overview and Initial Decision Making .................................................................... 15 7.2. Storage Tanks ............................................................................................. 17 7.3. Other Nearby Water Sources ............................................................................. 20 7.4. Tanker-transported Water ................................................................................ 25 7.5. Large Temporary Storage Tanks (Greater than 55 Gallons) .............................................. 28 7.6. Water Storage Containers (55 Gallons and Smaller) ...................................................... 33 7.7 Water Storage Location and Rotation ..................................................................... 35 7.8. Contaminant Considerations and Treatment Options .................................................... 35 8. Step 4: Develop and exercise your EWSP ..................................................................... 43 9. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 43 10. References ....................................................................................................... 44 11. Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 45 12. Appendices ...................................................................................................... 47 Appendix A: Case Studies .................................................................................... 48 Appendix B: Example Plan ................................................................................... 50 Appendix C: Loss-of-Water-Scenario ......................................................................... 53 Appendix D: Example Water Use Audit Forms 1 and 2 ........................................................ 58 Appendix E: Portable Water Flow Meters ..................................................................... 60 Appendix F: Dialysis Considerations ......................................................................... 61 Appendix G: Explanations of Figures for Accessibility ....................................................... 63 Appendix H: Acknowledgments .............................................................................. 66 4 List of tables Table 6.2-1. Some Typical Water Usage Functions/Services .................................................. 12 Table 6.3-1. Draft List of Healthcare Functions and Water Needs ............................................ 13 Table 7.2-1. Example of Emergency Water Storage and Usage Estimates .................................... 18 Table 7.5-1. Bladder and Pillow Tank Sizes ................................................................... 28 Table 7.5-2. Onion Tank Sizes ................................................................................. 29 Table 7.5-3. Pickup Truck Tank Sizes ......................................................................... 29 Table 7.6-1. Approximate Weight of Water-filled Containers ................................................. 33 Table 7.8-1. Microbial Removal Achieved by Available Filtration Technologies .............................. 37 Table B-1. Estimated Reservoir Operational Duration ........................................................ 51 List of figures Figure 1. Developing an Emergency Water Supply Plan (EWSP) .............................................. 9 Figure 7.1-1. Alternative Water Supplies—Overview ......................................................... 16 Figure 7.2-1. Alternative Water Supplies—Storage Tanks ..................................................... 19 Figure 7.3-1 Alternative Water Supplies—Nearby Sources (From Figure 7.2-1) .............................. 22 Figure 7.3-1A. Alternative Water Supplies—Other Nearby Public Water Supply Sources .................... 23 Figure 7.3-1B. Alternative Water Supplies—Nearby Sources Surface Water .................................. 24 Figure 7.4-1. Alternative Water Supplies—Tanker-Transported Water ....................................... 27 Figure 7.5-1. Alternative Water Supplies—Bladders And Other Storage Units ............................... 30 Figure 7.5-1A. Alternative Water Supplies—Bladders And Other Storage Units For Non-Potable Uses ..... 31 Figure 7.5-3. Bladder Tanks ................................................................................... 32 Figure 7.5-2. Pillow Tanks .................................................................................... 32 Figure 7.5-5. Pickup Truck Tank .............................................................................. 32 Figure 7.5-4. Onion Water Tank With Removable Cover ...................................................... 32 Figure 7.6-1. 55-Gallon Water Drum .......................................................................... 34 Figure 7.6-2. Hand Pump ..................................................................................... 34 Figure 7.6-3. 3- And 5-Gallon Containers ..................................................................... 34 Figure 7.8-1. Alternative Water Supplies—Portable Treatment Units—Overview ............................. 38 Figure 7.8-1A. Alternative Water Supplies—Portable Treatment Units For Surface Water Source ............ 39 Figure 7.8-1B. Alternative Water Supplies—Disinfection Of Surface Water ................................... 40 Figure 7.8-1C. Alternative Water Supplies—Portable Treatment Units For Groundwater Source ............. 41 Figure 7.8-1D. Alternative Water Supplies—Portable Treatment Units For Nearby Water Source ............ 42 5 1. Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviations Abbreviations and Acronyms Definition and Acronyms Definition AAMI American Association for the Advancement of HDLP high-density linear polyethylene Medical Instrumentation HDPE high-density polyethylene ACF Acute Care Facility HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ ANSI/NSF American National Standards Institute/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome National Sanitation Foundation HVAC heating, ventilating, and air conditioning ASHE American Society for Healthcare Engineering ICS Incident Command System AWWA American Water Works Association ICU Intensive Care Unit CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Imp Gal. Imperial gallon(s) CFR Code of Federal Regulations IT intensity X time cm centimeter(s) MCL Maximum Contaminant Level CMS Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal CT concentration X time MG million gallon(s) DHHS Department of Health and Human Services MGD million gallon(s) per day DHS Department of Homeland Security mg/L milligrams per liter Dia. diameter MOU Memorandum of Understanding DNR Department of Natural
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