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Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Orange-Spotted Spine Foot, Siganus Guttatus (Bloch, 1787), in Takalar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Orange-Spotted Spine Foot, Siganus Guttatus (Bloch, 1787), in Takalar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 4, (2020), pp. 5259 - 5276 Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor Of Orange-Spotted Spine Foot, Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787), In Takalar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Basse Siang Parawansa1, Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar1, Rohani Ambo Rappe2, Muhammad Natsir Nessa2, Moh. Tauhid Umar1 1 Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar - Indonesia. 2 Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar - Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This research analyzed the length-weight relationship and condition factor of orange-spotted spine foot (Siganus guttatus) from Takalar District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were collected from February to July 2018, in the seagrass and coral reef ecosystems of Laikang Bay and Tanakeke Island. The samples were analyzed in the Fisheries Biology Laboratory, Fisheries Department, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. The 95 specimens collected from Laikang Bay comprised 61 male and 34 female fish, while the 1103 specimens from Tanakeke Island comprised 1066 male and 37 female fish. The regression coefficient (b) was in the range 1.482 – 3.099 for both male and female orange-spotted spine foot. On average, the condition factor of male orange-spotted spine foot was higher than that of females, except in the Laikang Bay seagrass ecosystem. Keywords: Condition Factor, Length-Weight Relationship, Siganus Guttatus, Takalar. 1. Introduction Rabbitfishes, members of the family Siganidae, are a group of fish commonly found in both coral reef and seagrass ecosystems. The Siganidae are a family with a single genus, Siganus, with two subgenera: Siganus with 24 species and Lo with 5 species [1], [2]. The Reference Collection at the Oceanology Research Centre of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) contains specimens of 11 species, 10 from the subgenus Siganus and one from the subgenus Lo [3]. In South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, 17 species have been reported, representing around 59% of all known Siganus species [4]. These include 16 species in the subgenus Siganus (Siganus argenteus, S. canaliculatus, S. corralinus, S. doliatus, S. fuscescens, S. guttatus, S. javus, S. lineatus, S. puellus, S. puelloides, S. punctatissimus, S. punctatus, S. spinus, S. vermiculatus, S. virgatus, and S. sutor) and one species in the subgenus Lo (S. vulpinus). One rabbitfish frequently encountered in the coral reef and seagrass ecosystems of Takalar District, South Sulawesi, is the orange-spotted spine foot, Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787). Local communities call this rabbitfish baronang binti’ or baronang buri’. According to FishBase, the global database of fishes, this fish has at least 99 common names in many languages. English language common names include orange-spotted spine foot, golden spine foot, gold-lined spine foot, golden rabbitfish, brown-spotted spine foot, and yellow-blotch spine foot [1]. There are also many no longer valid scientific names or synonyms [1], [5], reflecting the complex taxonomic history of this genus: Siganus stellatus (Forsskål, 1775), Chaetodon guttatus Bloch, 1787; Amphacanthus guttatus (Bloch, 1787); Teuthis guttata (Bloch, 1787); Amphacanthus concatenatus (Valenciennes, 1835); Siganus concatenatus (Valenciennes, 1835); Teuthis ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5259 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 4, (2020), pp. 5259 - 5276 concatenata (Valenciennes, 1835); Siganus concatinatus (Valenciennes, 1835); Theutis concatenata (Valenciennes, 1835); Amphacanthus firmamentum (Valenciennes, 1835); Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1835); Siganus corallinus (non Valenciennes, 1835); and Siganus hexagonata (non Bleeker, 1854). Compared to the white-spotted spine foot Siganus canaliculatus (local name beronang lingkis), information regarding the biology and reproduction of the orange-spotted spine foot S. guttatus in Indonesia is still very limited. Basic biological aspects of importance for fisheries management include the length-weight relationship and condition factor. Fish are often measured based on body length. In general, size, and especially length, is considered a key parameter from a biological perspective, as many ecological and physiological factors depend more on size than on age. Length is one of the most frequently used parameters in fisheries science and fish population dynamics [6]. However, from a fisheries management or conservation perspective, body weight is more important, as it is used to measure catch volume and estimate biomass [7], [8]. The weight (W) of a fish can be predicted based on fish length (L) because there is an exponential relationship between length and weight, which follows an equation of the form W = aLb. Linear regression of the logarithmic transformation of this equation (log W = log a + b log L) enables the calculation of the parameters an (antilog of the intercept) and b (slope, also called regression coefficient) [9]–[12]. Length-weight relationships are important in fisheries biology as the mean weight of a group of fish of a given length can be estimated based on the aforementioned mathematical formulae [13]–[18]. According to Froese et al. (2011) and Silva et al. (2020), the length-weight relationship is also heavily used in fisheries research and can be used in evaluating the growth pattern of a stock, estimating condition factor and biomass, providing valuable data to support sustainable fisheries management [12], [19]. One way in which length-weight relationships are particularly useful in fisheries red=search is to convert growth-in-length to growth-in-weight in stock assessment models, enabling biomass to be estimated from observations of fish length, and making it possible to compare fish growth between different locations [8], [20]–[23]. According to Ricker (1975), condition factor or the ponderal index provides a quantitative indication of the plumpness or well-being of fish [10]. As an indicator of plumpness, the condition factor can provide information on spawning readiness [24]. The condition factor is a parameter that is frequently used in fisheries biology. The condition factor is calculated based on the length and weight of a fish, and the value of this factor can be affected by sexual maturity, the availability of food sources, age, health and sex [11], [17], [25]. Laikang Bay and Tanakeke Island are two sites in Takalar District with seagrass and coral reef ecosystems in fairly good condition. These sites have long been used as orange-spotted spine foot (S. guttatus) fishing grounds by fishermen in the area. Due to the high fishing intensity, S. guttatus population abundance has declined at both sites. However, no data were available on the size distribution and growth patterns of these S. guttatus populations. Therefore, this research was conducted to provide data on the size distribution (length and weight), length-weight relationship, and condition factor of S. guttatus populations in both the seagrass and coral reef ecosystems of Laikang Bay and Tanakeke Island, Takalar District. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Time and Place This research was carried out over six months, from February to July 2018. Siganus guttatus samples were collected from fishermen operating in the seagrass and coral reef ecosystems of Laikang Bay and Tanakeke Island, Takalar District, South Sulawesi (Figure 1). For each specimen, total length and body weight were measured, and sex was determined, at the Fisheries Biology Laboratory of the Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, in Makassar. ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5260 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 4, (2020), pp. 5259 - 5276 Seagrass species observed in Laikang Bay were Enhalus acoroides (density 21.99 ind./m²), Thallassia hemprichii (density 40.10 ind./m²), and Syringodium isoetifolium (density 2 ind./m²). At the Tanakeke Island site, only two seagrass species were observed: E. acoroides (density 28.6 ind./m²) and T. hemprichii (density 2.2 ind./m²). The substrate in the coral reef ecosystem of Laikang Bay was dominated by sand (68%), while in Tanakeke Island, dead coral algae were the most dominant substrate component (42%). Figure 1. Map of Takalar District Showing the Orange-Spotted Spinefoot (Siganus guttatus) Collection Sites 2.2. Data Collection Samples of orange-spotted spine foot were collected six times at intervals of one month. The samples were collected from each ecosystem in Laikang Bay and Tanakeke Island. The sampled fish collected were placed in a styrofoam box with crushed ice to keep the specimens fresh during transport to the laboratory. On arrival in the laboratory, the sampled specimens were removed from the box, cleaned, and placed on a dissection slate. Total length (from the tip of the snot to the tip of the tail fin) was measured using a ruler with a precision of 1 mm. Body weight was measured using digital scales with a precision of 0.01 g. The sex of each specimen was determined through dissection using a dissection kit (surgical scissors, scalpel, and tweezers); the gonad was removed and examined morphologically [26]. 2.3. Data Analysis The length-weight relationship was determined (by site and ecosystem) for all specimens combined and for each sex separately using the following equation [9], [10]: W = a L b or log W = log a + b log L (1) ISSN:
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