BASTERIA 44: 17-49, 1980
of Conidae. Alphabetical revision the (sub)species in recent
3. albus to antillarum
with the description of Conus algoensis agulhasi, nov. subspecies
H.E. Coomans R.G. Moolenbeek& E. Wils
Zoological Museum, Amsterdam
INTRODUCTION
This the third the Conidae. is part in series on (sub)specific names in recent In general refer the introductions of the first and second 43: and we may to parts (Basteria 9-10, 81, 1979).
we started the research for this series, several the Museum Since years ago, Zoological has received lots of Conidae from and collectors the world. We will many colleagues over
A.C.M. — mention their names in alphabetical order: Asselbergs (Bergen op Zoom)
— Bosch — — W. Bergmans (Amsterdam) Dr. D. (Oman) H. de Brauwer (Belgium) Fr. A.M.
Broeders (St. Martin) — L.P. Burnay (Lisbon) — J.R. Cantera (Colombia) — P.W. Clover
(USA) — Mrs. C.M. Connolly (S. Africa) — Dr. H. Duffels (Amsterdam) — Mrs. Dr. M.I.
— D. — Gerhardt (Domburg) Mrs. W.H. Harmon (USA) — Hunt (Barbados) C. Karnekamp
(Diemen) — R.N. Kilburn (S. Africa) — Dr. A. Kohn (USA) — L. Letens (Belgium) —
H. Lippa (India) — A.N. de Man (Aruba) — Mrs. S. & R. Martin (Philippines) — Dr. A.
Matsukuma — der — Old — de (Japan) B. van Most (Schiedam) W.E. (USA) Dr. M.P.
Oliveira (Brasil) — P. van Pel (Egmond) — Mrs. G. Pini (Australia) — J. Rinkens (Australia)
— H. Saesen (Belgium) — Dr. F. Sander (Barbados) — G.D. Saunders (Gr. Britain) — Dr.
J.H. Stock (Amsterdam) — C. Vriese (Diemen) — Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck (Utrecht)
— Dr. S. Weinberg (Porto Rico) — Dr. W. Wellens (Belgium) — Mrs. T. Whitehead(Australia)
— Mrs. M. Williams (Saudi Arabia) — E. Wils (Belgium). L.J.M. Butot, honorary associate, donated his entire Conus collection, mainly collected in Indonesia.
Mrs. Dr. former curator of Molluscs at From W.S.S. van der Feen-van Benthem Jutting, received her ZMA, we personal malacological library, including many publications on Conidae.
from loan of advice Assistance colleagues concerning specimens, literature, or otherwise, with the concerned. The made is acknowledged species photographs were by Mr. L. van der the drawn Mr. Laan, maps were by J. Zaagman. 18 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
GENUS CONUS LINNÉ, 1758
Valid of and formae the names species, subspecies, are printed in heavy type in
list. A dubium nudum alphabetical junior synonym, homonym, nomen or nomen is printed in normal type.
albus
fig. 58
Conus albus Sowerby III, 1887,Thes. Conch. 5: 274, spec. 532, pi. 36, fig. 761
— The Type. holotype is present in BMNH, measurements 48.7 x 25.1 mm (fig. 58).
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — Through the courtesy of Mrs. K.M. Way (BMNH) we were able to study
the After this white shell with a number of holotype. comparing pure Conidae, our conclusion is that Conus albus; Sowerby must be considered an albino of the polymorphic
C. Linné, 1758. The authors have seen another albinistic magus present C. magus, dimensions 45.6 23.2 from New Guinea which x mm, Papua, (coll. J.S.M. Gerrits), specimen has the typical shape of this species.
See also alba Coen, and albus Shaw.
albus
fig. 59
Conus quercinus var. albus Shaw, 1915, Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 11: 210
— in 58 34 Type. Holotype present BMNH, measurements x mm.
Type locality. — "Aden".
Remarks. — The shell was described Shaw "the colour is snow-white. The by as: apex of the is and the shell devoid of the usual fine thread- spire a warm rose-brown, is entirely
brown described the like, transverse markings". Although as "snow-white", type specimen is coloured. Also the in ZMA white. cream specimens are creamy to
to article of ICZN According 45 e(i) the a variety, described before 1961, must be interpreted as denoting subspecific rank. Therefore albus Shaw, 1915 is ajunior homonym of for albus Shaw Conus albus Sowerby, 1887. However, creating a new name is not since it is considered form and advisable, only a colour of Conus quercinus Solander, therefore of infrasubspecific rank. ZMA has specimens of C. quercinus forma albus from Ceylon and the Moluccas (fig. 59).
See also Conus akabensis 2 of this Basteria 43: Sowerby (in part series, 92, 1979), which considered of is an albino C. quercinus. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 19
aldrovandi
fig. 60
Conus millepunctatus Lamarck, 1822, var. aldrovandi
Dautzenberg, 1937 (nom. nov.), Mem. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. hors serie 2 (18): 171-172
(non Conus aldrovandi Brocchi, 1814, a fossil)
as a for — The aldrovandi described Type. variety was by Dautzenberg nomen novum references cited the author Conus litteratus var. d Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792. From the by
herewith the 6 in the Tableau we designate specimen figured as Conus millepunctatus vol. of aldrovandi Encyclopedique et Methodique 23 (1798), pi. 324 fig. 4 lectotype the dimensions The Dautzenberg. It is reproduced here as fig. 60, are 119 x 66 mm. type specimen is not in the collection of the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle at Geneva (Mermod, did mention with the 1947: 192). Although Dautzenberg not any specimens description indicated of aldrovandi, his collection in IRScNB at Brussels contains one specimen, as
47 loc. Mauritius. "type", measurements 71 x mm,
— mentioned. Type locality. Not
Remarks. — is Conus millepunctatus Lamarck, 1822 (non Roding, 1798) a junior
of ( synonym C. leopardus (Roding, 1798). has and smaller dots. have According to its description the shell of aldrovandi more We studied the variation of C. leopardus, from which it is concluded thataldrovandi Dautzen- berg is a junior synonym.
The "name" aldrovandi Dautzenberg, 1937, is a junior homonym of the fossil aldro- vandi Brocchi, 1814.
alexandrinus
Conus alexandrinus "Pais da Franca" Kaicher, 1976-1977, Card catal. shells: 1293
found dealer Remarks. — The name ”Conus alexandrinus” is on lists, but the species
described de L. Paes-da Kaicher used this was never by M. Franca. (1976-1977) name;
C. however, she did not supply a valid description. The name alexandrinus thus is a nomen nudum.
alfredensis
figs. 63, 64
Conus alfredensis Bartsch, 1915, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 91: 13, pi. 1, fig. 12
Type. — Two syntypes in USNM at Washington, no. 186972, measurements 44.9 x The 22.0 mm (fig. 63), and 35.3 x 17.1 mm (fig. 64). larger shell, with a damaged outer and herewith lip, was figured by Bartsch, is designated lectotype. thanks due Our are to Dr. R.S. Houbrick (USNM) for permitting us to study and photograph the type material. 20 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
Type locality. — "Port Alfred", South Africa.
Remarks. — South African malacologists had different opinions concerning the status
of to Barnard it is a of "< C. alfredensis. According (1958: 91) synonym C. elongatus Chemn." (= C. mozambicus Hwass, 1792), whereas Kilburn (1971: 47) considered with We have studied the material of C. al- C. alfredensis conspecific C. tinianus. type and it with both from which conclude that C. al- fredensis compared species, we must
is of the variable C. tinianus 1792. fredensis a junior synonym 1 Hwass,
algoensis
figs. 51, 53, 66-67
Conus algoensis Sowerby I, 1834, in Sowerby II, Conch. 111. (Conus): 3, pi. 54, fig. 66;
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 18
— 5 and 30 of these is Type. In BMNH are syntypes, length 17, 21, 25, 27, mm. None
like the which 13V4 The dimensions in the looking exactly type figure, measures 29 x mm. of the description are "1.15 x 0.55 poll." (= 29.1 x 13.9 mm). The largest specimen syntypes is herewith designated lectotype.
— The named after this Type locality. "Algoa Bay". species was locality; however, it does there. Kilburn has restricted the of not occur (1971: 43) type locality C. algoensis to
Table Bay.
— This of Africa Saldanha Distribution. species lives on the coast South from Bay to
Cape Agulhas (figs. 51, 53).
Remarks. — considered and distribution Conus algoensis is a valid species, its variability studied Kilburn were by (1971). Three subspecies are being recognized: has C. algoensis algoensis Sowerby I, 1834, a yellow to brown body whorl, with one to three of white blotches Found from Saldanha the rows irregular (figs. 66, 67). Bay to
Peninsula. ZMA has from Table have studied shells from Saldanha Cape specimens Bay, we and Kommetjie (Natal Mus.). C. algoensis simplex Sowerby II, 1857-1858. Shell whitish with brown axial flames, sometimes with brown band below the shoulder. West side of False in a Bay; specimens
ZMA from Simonstown and Strandfontein.
scitulus has coloured shell with series of small C. algoensis Reeve, 1849, a light spiral squarish dots, and a widebrown band under the shoulderofthe last whorl. Base sometimes brown. Known from Hermanus and Cape Agulhas; specimens in ZMA from Cape Agulhas. these is described: Next to a new subspecies
Conus algoensis agulhasi
nov. subsp.
figs. 51, 68
— in of the shell 23.4 11.6 Seven Type. Holotype ZMA, measurements x mm (fig. 68). Natal paratypes in Museum, length 14'/2, 15, 15Vi, 18, 19'/2, 20 and 23V2 mm. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 21
Fig. 51. Distribution ofthe Conus algoensis complex.
1. C. algoensis algoensis. 2. C. algoensis simplex.
3. C. algoensis scitulus.
4. C. algoensis agulhasi nov. subsp.
Africa of under Type locality. — Cape Agulhas, South (fig. 51), in depth 60 cm, rocks
Mrs. C.M. and mud. Holotype and paratypes collected by Connolly.
— Last whorl Description. very slightly convex, spire straight, apical angle just over Surface of whorl with weak the base. 90°. body very spiral ridges, becoming stronger near
Colour bluish white, with a narrow chocolate brown band under the shoulder, otherwise
for of brown the inside of brown. no pattern except some traces at base; aperture
Periostracum yellowish green. 22 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
This subspecies is distinct from the others because,except for the brown shoulder band
and base, it has no pattern on the last whorl.
Remarks. — The of this Kilburn who occurrence subspecies was known to (1971: 42), scitulus colour form which the wrote (under C. ): "A peculiar pale sometimes occurs in from continuous brown shoulder and markings are completely absent, apart a band, traces of a brown tinge around the base".
We Mrs. C.M. for fine series of of the are grateful to Connolly donating specimens
C. and Mr. R.N. Kilburn for the algoensis complex to ZMA, to permitting us to study
Natal Museum material.
alternans
fig. 61
Conus betulinus Linne var. alternans Dautzenberg, 1937 (nom. nov.),
Mem. Mus. 2 r. Hist. nat. Beige hors serie (18): 48
— No was mentioned the name was introduced Type. type specimen because alternans for of the references cited as a "new name" a variety C. betulinus Linne, 1758. From by the the Tableau Metho- Dautzenberg we designate specimen, figured in Encyclopedique et vol. of alternans. here dique 23 (1798), pi. 334 fig. 8, lectotype It is reproduced as fig. 61. The the measurements of figure are 126 x 75 mm.
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — named this shell "alternans" it has of Dautzenberg as a pattern alternating
This character described rows of larger and smaller dots. was also by Dillwyn (1817: 392) for and Lamarck (1822: 484) C. betulinus var. b. We consider alternans a form ofC. betu- the this which named linus, next to other "varieties" of species were by Dautzenberg
(1937: 48-50).
ZMA has specimens of Conus betulinus formaalternans from the Moluccas, Indonesia.
alternatus
fig. 62
Conus alternatus Link, 1807, Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock 3: 101-102
Type. — Link only referred to the specimen figured in Martini (1773) pi. "56" (error for which therefore the here The 61) fig. 670, is holotype. It is reproduced as fig. 62. 44 26 The used for measurements are about x mm. same figure was by Röding (1798: 41)
C. quadratulus, cf. Kohn (1975: 218).
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — Link described C. alternatus as (translated from the German): "Between the red there of red rows of larger squarish dots, are alternating rows points".
From and it is concluded that alternatus Link is description type Figure C. a junior
of Conus eburneus 1792. The dead collected synonym Hwass, holotype probably was a shell, as fresh specimens have dark brown to black dots. Coomdns, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 23
alticonica
fig. 65
Conus mediterraneus Bruguiere var. alticonica Pallary, 1904, J. Conchyl., Paris 52: 217-218
— and there material in Type. No type specimen was designated, is no type MNHN at The shell the author short and Paris. was not figured by Pallary; only gave a description referred in 12 From these we to some figures Philippi (1836: pi. figs. 17, 18, 20). figures herewith designate the specimen of pi. 12 fig. 20 in the "Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae" of alticonica. here the lectotype It is reproduced as fig. 65, measurements are
41 This shell also the material of C. mediterraneus var. ater x 18 mm. belongs to type Philippi, 1836.
— The shells from the "Golfe de Type locality. original of Pallary were Gabes", Tunisia. The lectotype is from Messina, Sicily, which island is opposite the Gulfof Gabes.
Remarks. — The variety alticonica was described as a high-spired Conus mediterraneus; the with this is clear another name lectotype agrees description. It not why Pallary gave which described to this shell, was already by Philippi.
The name alticonica an of ater 1836, Pallary, 1904 is objective synonym Philippi, which consider denote the forma of the variable mediterra- we to high-spired very Conus neus Hwass, 1792.
altispiratus
fig. 69
Conus altispiratus Sowerby III, 1873, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873: 146, pi. 15, fig. 4
After described sold the Type. — having (C. altispiratus in 1873, Sowerby holotype to
shell collector in the Netherlands Benthem H.C. Roeters van Lennep, a (Van Jutting,
1939: 169-170). The specimen was mentioned by Roeters van Lennep (1876: 7) as Conus and under this the ”altispira”, again incorrect name in auction Catalogue (1876: 23, no.
394) of his shell collection, with the remark "unique". At this auction the specimen of obtained the Amsterdam. C. altispiratus was by Zoological Museum Its identity was
shell recently discovered, the measurements of the holotype are 37.0 x 15.8 mm (fig. 69).
It must be kept in mind that G.B. Sowerby III published on mollusks, but also was a shell dealer 1974: Therefore number of which (Coomans, 159). a type specimens, one
be in BMNH at sold collectors other expects to London, were to or museums.
Type locality. — "Agulhas Bank, S. Africa".
— Unknown. The doubted South African Distribution. type locality is by malacologists, have collected this since they never species again.
Remarks. — far known the is the of this The As as holotype only specimen species.
a rather has shell is pure white with pink apex. Since the spire is high, it been suggested that be a turreted of another white it may specimen Conus species. However, its shape, and doubtful do render in it with other colour, locality not any help identifying some
The with other Conidae, as mentioned in the literature Barnard, Conus. synonymy (cf. 24 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
after these 1958: 83-84; Walls, 1979: 71, 74-77) cannot be validated by us, comparing of with the type specimen C. altispiratus. considered valid For the time being Conus altispiratus Sowerby is a species.
alveolus
fig. 70
Conus alveolus Sowerby I, 1833, in Sowerby II, Conch. 111. (Conus): 1, pi. 25, fig. 11
— here is the Type. The specimen figured by Sowerby, reproduced as fig. 70, holotype.
This shell is in its whereabouts unknown. The measurements not present BMNH, are on the figure are 35 x 15 mm.
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — the alveolus is considered be From type figure C. generally to a junior
ofConus Lamarck, 1810. synonym stramineus
amabilis
Conus amabilis Lamarck, 1810, Annls Mus. Hist. nat.Paris 15: 425, no. 137
— The collection of from Lamarck Type. MHNG at Geneva contains 3 syntypes The dimensions 43 and 29 16 (Mermod, 1947: 164-165). are x 21, 31 x 16, x mm these will be Kohn respectively. From a lectotype designated by A.J. (in press).
— le des des Indes" believe Type locality. "je crois originaire mers grandes (I original from the Indian Ocean).
Remarks. — Lamarck with Conus The syntypes of (C. amabilis are conspecific pertusus
which makes C. amabilis Hwass, 1792, ( ajunior synonym.
amadis
figs. 52, 71, 72
Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat. 13 ed., 1: 3388, no. 32
— Gmelin did have his references Type. not a type specimen. From a lectotype was Chemnitz designated by Kohn (1966: 77, pi. 1, figs. 3, 4). This specimen, figured in
(1788: pi. 142, figs. 1322, 1323), is present in ZMUC at Copenhagen (ex coll. Moltke).
The measurements are 78 x 41 mm.
Type locality. — Not mentioned by Gmelin. The locality of the lectotype should be the Nicobar Islands, which is questionable. Chemnitz (1788: 73) mentioned that the found the Sunda and Moluccan and of species was at Nicobar, Islands, east Tranquebar. the Moltke his The has the Probably first locality was used by for specimen. lectotype Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 25
typical pattern known from specimens living along the Coromandel coast of India, where
Tranquebar is situated. We herewith designate Rameswaram, India, type locality.
— valid colour of last Remarks. Conus amadis Gmelin is considered a species. The the whorl variable from dark the also shows is light to brown; pattern variation (figs. 71, 72).
Shells with a to colour were known to 6: yellow orange Knorr (1772, pt. 11, pi. 5, fig. 3) the Amadistutte" Amadis and described as "gelbe (yellow cone) by Dautzenberg (1937:
14-15) as var. aurantia (non C. aurantius Hwass, 1792). A be in which the of marks is subspecies may recognized, pattern tent interrupted by two orange-brown bands: Conus amadis castaneofasciatus Dautzenberg, 1937. Sometimes,
in the the shell has darker Da Motta as type specimen, a appearance. Recently (1978: 7)
described form of this arbornatalis. These shells have a deep water subspecies as Conus a slender furrowed whorl. have studied shape, more elevated spire, and sometimes a body We intermediatesbetween castaneofasciatus and arbornatalis (in ZMA and RMNH).
— lives of from North Distribution. C. amadis in the Bay Bengal Ceylon to Sumatra Indonesian localities the literature (fig. 52). Other (Java, Borneo, Moluccas) in are erroneous.
C. amadis forma aurantia has limited the s.s. (including Dautz.) a range along Coromandel coast of India from Madras to Ceylon. ZMA has specimens from Ceylon
(Trincomalee), the Gulfof Mannar at Rameswaram, and India (Cuddalore).
C. amadis castaneofasciatus (with the deepwater forma arbornatalis) is found around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and in the Andaman Sea on the coasts of Thailand and
Burma (Da Motta & Lenavat, 1979: 4, pi. 2). Specimens of this subspecies with "Indian" localities were collected by shrimp fishers, not near the coast of India, but more to the
Fig. 52. Distribution ofConus amadis. 26 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
ZMA of east in the Bay of Bengal. C. amadis castaneofasciatus is present in from the Bay addition have forma from the Bengal. In we studied specimens, including arbornatalis, and Andaman Sea, Thailand (Phuket, Ranong), and the Straits of Malacca (coll. RMNH Wils). African amadis from Africa We cannot verify the localities. C. is mentioned North-East
South-East by Marsh (1964: 42, 57). MNHN in Paris has a specimen from Madagascar.
of amadis described as subacutus A junior synonym C. was Conus by Fenaux (1942: 4), also from Madagascar.
amazonicus
Sinon. Conus mediterraneus var. amazonicus Nardo, 1847, moderna: 41-42
— This described Type. variety was originally in a manuscript by S.Chiereghiniin 1802, to which Nardo referred. Chiereghini's collection is dispersed, and the type material of amazonicus is considered lost (cf. Conus adriaticus Nardo, in our former publication,
Coomans, c.s., 1979: 83).
Type locality. — "Golfo Veneto", the Gulfof Venice in the Adriatic Sea.
Remarks. — This described shell with white dots and variety was as having a green band last consider colour form ofthis stripes, and a in the middle of the whorl. We it a variable mediterraneus forma Nardo. very species: Conus Hwass amazonicus thanks due Gerhardt for the Latin Our are to Mrs. Dr. M.I. translating description.
ambaroides
Conus (Phasmoconus) ambaroides Shikama, 1977, Science Rep. Yokohama natn. Univ. (II) 24: 20-21, pi. 4 fig. 3, pi. 5 fig. 3
— The is in Shikama. This Type. type specimen, measurements 33.2 x 15.8 mm, coll. author in Dr. Institute, Yokohama National passed away 1978. Y. Hasegawa (Geological is be in University) kindly informed us that the Shikama collection to deposited the
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum at Yokohama in the near future.
Type locality. — "Philippines".
Remarks. — Since the Shikama collection is available for at present not loan, we were able the of ambaroides. not to study type specimen C. From the original description and
the shell looks like a of the and variable type figures juvenile specimen common very Linne, which is known from the This also Conus magus 1758, species Philippines. was suggested by Tucker (1979: 11). Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 27
ambiguus
figs. 53, 73, 74
Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1843,Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 11: 177;
Conch. Icon. 1 (1844), Conus, pi. 44, spec. 244
— The the it is Type. type specimen was originally in Stainforth collection. Presently in in •not BMNH or the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. The type specimen must
therefore be considered lost, and because it was not a representative specimen (see under the useless for the identificationof remarks), type figure is Conus ambiguus (Reeve's type the Vi figure is reproduced here as fig. 73, measurements are 36 x 19 mm).
As a result there is confusion in recent literature about the identity ofC.1 ambiguus and
Fig. 53. Distribution ofConus ambiguus and C. algoensis (cf. fig. 51). 28 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
related from Africa. the of nomenclature species West For stability we herewith designate
a for which the neotype Conus ambiguus Reeve, specimen (fig. 74) is presentin Zoological the The is Museum at Amsterdam, the dimensions of shell are 39.3 x 23.0 mm. neotype
in accordance with Reeve's description.
Type locality. — Not mentionedby Reeve. The neotype is from West Africa; the coast
of Senegal is here designated restricted type locality.
Distribution. — is known from Conus ambiguus deeper water, 50-100 m, off the coast of Senegal (fig. 53).
has from Africa. Knudsen loaned ZMA specimens West Dr. J. (ZMUC, Copenhagen) us live collected from off dimensions 46.5 23.1 a specimen Senegal, Joal (95 m), x mm.
Remarks. — is considered valid After had Conus ambiguus Reeve a species. Reeve
described the he received from which it concluded type, specimens inbetter condition was
(cf. Reeve, 1849, Conch. Icon. 1, Conus, Emendations: 3-4) that Conus griseus Kiener,
1845, from "les cotes septentrionales d'Afrique" (= the coasts of northern Africa) is The authors with this conspecific. present agree synonymy.
Reeve's description reads as follows: "Shell turbinated, smooth, ridged towards the base, rather with fine, festooned, lines; white, obsoletely engraved very longitudinal stained with palely light brown; spire obtusely convex, slightly canaliculated, arched ornamented with brownish spots; apex raised and pointed."
The of the shell from to the colour from white to bluish length is 35 50 mm, ranges gray and lilac.
from off Verde is another of C. ambi- Conus gernanti (Petuch, 1975) Cape synonym guus. Its description matches the holotype ofC. griseus perfectly.
is distinct The have studied Conus tabidus Reeve, 1843, a species. specimens we were
collected in shallow water at the Cape Verde Islands, and kindly donated to ZMA by Mr. and Saunders. The also lives the L.P. Burnay Mr. G.D. species probably on coast of Senegal.
The shell = half the often is smaller (25-35 mm), more slender (width length), pear-shaped,
with the and coronate. The colour is white to grooves on spire, slightly light yellow, sometimes with light-brown longitudinal stripes. Conus ”ambiguus”, mentioned by Petuch (1975a: 182) and by Burnay & Monteiro (1977: 48-49, fig. 51) is C. tabidus. carnalis below this Conus Sowerby III, 1879 (syn. C. amethystinus, see in publication) has round less the and from Angola shoulders, prominent spiral ridges at base, a more
colour; the reach mm. purplish length may 60
amboinensis
fig. 75
ammiralis Natur. 1: 1 Conus var. amboinensis Donovan, 1822, Repos. pi. 1, fig.
Type. — Donovan has described two variants ofamboinensis, a and 3. Specimen a herewith the (pi. 1, fig. 1 in Donovan) is designated lectotype. It is reproduced as fig. 75,
measurements are 68 x 34 mm.
Variant ammiralis donovani ß (pl. 1, fig. 2 in Donovan) was renamed C.1 var. by Daut-
zenberg (1937: 20). Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 29
The material in the Leverian but sold afterwards and type was originally Museum, the whereabouts unknown. presently are
— The island ofAmbon the Moluccas withinthe of Type locality. "Amboyna". in is range
Conus ammiralis, see fig. 54.
Remarks. — The title of The Naturalist's vol. the page Repository, 1, mentions year 1823. 1834; however, this volume was published from April 1822 to April
Donovan called his variety "the three-banded Amboyna high-spired Admiral shell", band The number and width with "two broad bands and a narrow between" (fig. 75). of bands ammiralis for this reason amboinensis must be in C. is very variable; Donovan considered a of Conus ammiralis Linne, synonym 1758.
americanus
Nat. 1: 10 Conus ammiralis americanus Gmelin, 1791, Syst. 13 ed., 3378,no. 3
Type. — Not available.
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — After the studies of Kohn the authors that (1966: 78) can only agree
C. ammiralisamericanus Gmelin shouldbe declared a nomendubium.
amethysteus
Conus amethysteus Link, 1807,Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock 3: 105
Type. — Holotype is the shell figured in Martini (1773) pi. 63 fig. 708, dimensions
13 x 7 mm.
Type locality. — Not mentioned.
Remarks. — This little shell is unrecognizable; Link does not give a description and no type specimen is available.
From the description by Martini (1773: 347), translated from the German: "small, clouded violet and white, with spiral striations, spire pointed and coronate", this shell is also unidentifiable.
therefore consider Link dubium. We Conus amethysteus a nomen
amethystinus
figs. 81, 82
Conus amethystinus Trovao, 1975, Bolm. Centr. Port. Activ. subaq. 4(2): 9-10, pi. 1, fig. 1, pi. 2, figs. 1-2
Type. — The holotype is in the Laboratory of Malacology of CPAS at Lisbon (no. also and CON-097/187), measurements 34.2 x 19.1 mm. Four paratypes are in CPAS, one
in Museum Lisbon fire March Four was deposited Bocage at (destroyed by in 1978). more 30 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980
with the specimens were mentioned description.
— orla 12°48' de lat. Sul." This is Type locality. "Angola, na costeira, entre e 13°51' between Benguela and Lucira, Angola.
Remarks. — We have studied two specimens from the original material described by
is in Paris 30.6 16.5 the other Trovao. One (fig. 81) MNHN at (measurements x mm), (fig. is in the Natal G 33.3 18.6 These 82) present Museum (no. 7727, measurements x mm). shells the ofConus carnalis III, 1878 were compared to type specimen Sowerby (National of from which conclude that Trovâo is Museum Wales), we must C. amethystinus a junior
of carnalis also under in this synonym C. (see C. ambiguus publication). authors Kilburn Oliver The are grateful to Mr. R.N. (Natal Museum), Dr. G. (Museum
and Dr. G. Richard for and their Wales) (MNHN) permitting us to study photograph material.
amigus
De Conus mediterraneus var. amigus Gregorio, 1885,Bull. Soc. malac. Ital. 11: 113
— The author did and the shell M.G. Type. not designate a holotype was not figured. Dr. di that the di Palma (Intituto Zoologia, Palermo) kindly informed us (in litt.) De Gregorio collection is kept in the Museo di Paleontologia of the University of Palermo. However, due the shells available for the to a reorganisation are not study at moment.
Type locality. — "Mediterraneo vivente- Partanna- Mondello Fossile (Strati inferiori del postpliocene)." Living in the MediterraneanSea, and fossil known from lower Postpliocene deposits at Partanna, Mondello (Sicily), Italy.
Remarks. — the mediterra- According to short description of amigus it differs from C. the the distinct neus in whorls of spire, which are ornamented with two spiral striae. number De Gregorio (1885) has recognized a of "varieties" in Conus mediterraneus The authors consider of the forms which Hwass, 1792. present amigus one many were described in this polymorphic species.
ammiralis
figs. 54, 75-79
ammiralis Conus Linne, 1758, Syst. Nat. 10 ed., 1: 713, no. 257
— the in and Type. From specimens Linnaeus' collection a lectotype was designated figured by Kohn (1963: 744, fig. 1). This shell is stored in the collections of the Linnean
Society of London;the measurements are 72 x 40 mm.
— meridionalis". This ammiralis Type locality. "O. Americae locality is in error, as C. does Therefore herewith the Moluccan not occur in tropical American waters. we designate
Islands in Indonesia type locality.
Remarks. — ammiralis valid The shell named after the Conus Linne is a species. is yellow bands which encircle the whorl like the bands the admiral's body (fig. 76), golden on uniform ”admiralis” of authors is The number (Conus a misspelling). (from two to six) Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 31
and width of these bands is variable. This variability has resulted in a score of names,
already started by Linne himself (Dodge, 1953: 25-28). The frequency and size of the
white triangular maculations also revealed some variation. All these names will be discussed later their for abbreviata Basteria 43: 14 in alphabetical sequence; Dautzenberg see
for amboinensis this Most of these of (1979), (fig. 75) see paper. names are synonyms
Conus ammiralis.
Granulated shells be rather this (fig. 77) seem to common in species (cf. Coomans, the whorl be The 1973: 321, fig. 1); body may completely or partly granulöse. granulated form known ammiralis architalassus 1786 architha- is as C. forma Solander, (synonyms: lassus Hwass, 1792;granulatus Röding, 1798, non Two be subspecies may recognized: C. ammiralis ammiralis The shell has smooth shoulder and an (fig. 76). a (almost) straight of is the whorl; mm, to a maximum 80 mm; its body average length 55-70 range tropical Western Pacific. ammiralis blainvillii blainvillei The shell has C. Vignard, 1829 (non C. Kiener, 1845). a coronated shoulder (fig. 78). confused this coronation the and Conchologists are being by (on shoulder) granulation (on the body whorl). Conus ammiralis coronatus Gmelin, 1791 (non C. coronatus the coronated but another of the Gmelin, 1791) is not subspecies, synonym granulated forma architalassus. ammiralis coronatus of later authors the However, (C. represents coronated subspecies, which was described by Vignard (1829) as Conus blainvillii. Next to the coronated shoulder, the shell of blainvillii has a convex body whorl, the is 45-55 maximum 65 it is found in the Indian Ocean. The shell average length mm, mm; of this rare subspecies was figured by Vignard (1829), Sowerby (1832-1841: pi. 36, fig. 46), Reeve (1843: pi. 3, fig. lie), Kiener (1845: pi. 21, fig. lc), and Walls (1979: 88 below). Distribution. — ammiralis lives in the Pacific from S. Conus s.s. tropical western Japan to Queensland and eastern Indonesia (fig. 54). ZMA has specimens from Indonesia (Moluccas, Ambon, Mysool, Banda, Flores) and the Philippines (Sulu Archipelago, Siasi). have also studied shells from and from We Boeton near Celebes, Ceram (RMNH); Palawan, Cebu (Philippines), Guadalcanal (Solomon Is.), and Queensland (coll. H. Saesen). C. ammiralis forma architalassus (fig. 77) is represented in ZMA from the Moluccas. C. ammiralis blainvillii is known from Mozambique, Conducia Bay (Natal Museum, and from measurements 44 x 20 mm), Mauritius (Delaware Mus. Nat. Hist., 2 specimens, 64.6 and 49.0 cf. It is mentioned in the literature from length mm, Walls, 1979: 88). and the has without Madagascar Seychelles (fig. 54). ZMA one specimen a locality (fig. 78). Another population has been discovered recently in the Andaman Sea around Raya Island, Phuket, Thailand (Da Motta & Lenavat, 1979: 4, pi. 2, figs. 22, 23). We have studied a few MNHN and coll. Wils and H. specimens, present in ZMA, in Paris (fig. 79) The has coronated shoulder and the Saesen (Antwerp). shell a a convex body whorl like of smooth African specimens. Average length 4(M5 mm to a maximum 55 mm. Next to be of blainvillii from shells, granulated ones seem to common. When more specimens East Africa and Thailand become about rank available, a decision possible subspecific of the Thai be considered. population may Dr. Richard us with a of the rare and G. kindly supplied copy privately printed 32 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 ammiralis. Conus of Distribution 54. Fig. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 33 thanks due R.N. Kilburn Dr. G. publication by Vignard. Our are to Mr. (Natal Museum), Richard (MNHN, Paris) and Mr. H. Saesen (Antwerp) for the loan of specimens. amphiurgus figs. 55, 80 Conus amphiurgus Dali, 1889, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 18: 70 in USNM x — The is 40.0 Type. type specimen present (no. 87303), measurements 19.6 mm (fig. 80). — the Type locality. "Dredged in 27 fins., near coast of Yucatan".Clench (1953: 374) the off defined type locality as: Albatross, sta. 2366; Mexico, Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 22°28' N., 87°02' W. in 27 fms. — do have sufficient data to define the Distribution. Due to its rarity we not locality of C. The is known from the Gulf of Mexico between Yucatan range amphiurgus. species and Florida (fig. 55). — the "Blake and Remarks. C. amphiurgus was obscurely described in Report", not Dall. The Clench andconsidered figured by holotype was figured by (1953: pi. 184,fig. 2), him be of C. Fischer & 1857. This by to a junior synonym villepinii Bernardi, synonymy is accepted by Wagner & Abbott (1978: 25-011), but not by the present authors. We Dall valid consider Conus amphiurgus a species. Fig. 55. Distribution of Conus amphiurgus. 34 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 Walls C. 1942,in the of C. We (1979: 91) placed juliae Clench, synonymy amphiurgus. have studied the type specimens of both species, from which the conspecificy could not be established yet. thanks due Houbrick and Our are to Dr. R.S. (USNM) Dr. F.G. Thompson (Florida State Mus.) for the loan of type material. anabathrum figs. 83, 84 Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865, J. Conchyl., Paris 13: 304, pi. 9, fig. 4 — The dimensions Type. type specimen is present in BMNH, London; 28.3 x 13.0 mm (fig. 83). Type locality. — Not mentionedby Crosse. We herewith designate the coast of Florida type locality. — After of anabathrum Remarks. studying the holotype C. (fig. 83) we cannot agree Tomlin and other authors that ofConus with (1937: 211) it is a synonym japonicus Hwass, Without doubt the coloured shell of C. anabathrum with 1792. any yellow is conspecific Conus floridanus Gabb, 1869 from Florida and the Bahamas (fig. 84). For the stability of nomenclature it is, however, not to be recommended to change the well-known and established of into (C. the name Conus floridanus anabathrum, although anabathrum latter has four We consider C. asenior of C. floridanus. years priority. synonym be advisable anabathrum. The status of nomen oblitum would for C. The authors are grateful to Mrs. K.M. Way (BMNH) for permitting us to study the type specimen of C. anabathrum. anadema fig. 85 Conus anadema Tomlin, 1937 (nom. nov.), Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 22: 206 — anadema is new for C. 1845 Type. Conus a name fasciatus Kiener, (non fasciatus Kiener 2; 1849- Schroeter, 1803; non Perry, 1811). According to (1845: pi. 109, fig. 1850: the of his in the Lorois collection; its 311-312) type specimen fasciatus was present whereabouts unknown. The here the of the are type figure is reproduced (fig. 85), length shell is 42 mm. — mentioned Tomlin Kiener. Type locality. Not by or Remarks. — Kiener compared the type specimen to C. monile Hwass, 1792, but he considered them distinct. Later authors had different opinions. Tomlin (1937: 206, 211) did information about anadema but the The not supply any more new name. type figure of C. anadema (fig. 85) shows resemblance with C. splendidulus Sowerby I, 1833. consider anadema valid Provisionally we C. a species. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 35 anaglypticus fig. 86 Conus anaglypticus Crosse, 1865, J. Conchyl., Paris 13: 314-315, pi. 11, figs. 8, 8a — the shell Type. The type specimen is present in BMNH; dimensions 17.3 x 9.9 mm, also 3 this shell in BMNH is smooth is granulated (fig. 86). Crosse recognized a variety ; and 16.0 the lot third is 13.2 mm measures x 8.8 mm. In type a specimen present, length but and granulated; this shell is mentionedby Tomlin (1937: 211), not by Crosse. Type locality. — "In insulis Antillis". — that Remarks. After Sowerby's statement (1866: 325) Conus ”anaglyptus” (error form and these for anaglypticus) is "nearly resembling C. verrucosus in sculpture", species considered laterauthors. Tomlin mentioned C. were synonyms by (1937: 211) anaglypti- of mindanus cus synonym C. Hwass, 1792. concluded that the We have studied the type materialof C.» anaglypticus, and holotype the of mindanus. The of (fig. 86) represents a juvenile of granulated form C. variability The Conus mindanus has been discussed by us (Basteria 43: 89) under C. agassizii. form forma granulated was called C. mindanus karinae Usticke, 1968. Since C. anaglypticus has the shells of mindanus should be Crosse, 1865 priority over karinae, granulated C. named forma anaglypticus. C. with its smooth shell is of C. mindanus. anaglypticus var. 3 a junior synonym the material Mrs. K.M. Way (BMNH) kindly permitted us to study type of C.1 anaglyp- ticus. anceps fig. 87 Conus anceps A. Adams, 1854, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 21: 119 — There are three in and 65 mm Type. syntypes BMNH, London, length 8IV2, 78, Tomlin the with of respectively. According to (1937: 211) specimen a length 78 mm bears the label of Adams; this shell herewith of C. an original is designated lectotype ceps. Type locality. — "Moluccas". Remarks. — Conus with but anceps is conspecific C. consors Sowerby I, 1833, more with and these be slender, a higher spire a striped pattern (fig. 87). For reasons it can considered a form: C. ors forma cons anceps. Distribution. — and forma found around Indonesia Conus consors anceps are together and the Philippines. ZMA has of forma from the Moluccas. of from specimens anceps One specimen anceps the Natal this far Nagala Bay, Mozambique, is present in Museum; locality is outside its known range. 36 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 andamanensis Conus andamanensis E.A. Smith, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878: 804-805, pi. 50, fig. 1 — The Type. type specimen is present in BMNH, London, measurements 22 x 11 mm. the of the Smith mentioned and Next to description holotype figured (fig. la) a larger from BMNH. the lot specimen, 31 x 15 mm, coll. Hungerford; it is not in However, in with the is another 20'/2 9Vi mentioned Smith. holotype shell, X mm, not by Type locality. — "a few fathoms off Port Blair, Andaman Islands". — of confirmed Remarks. The holotype Conus andamanensis is ajuvenile shell, as was by Smith. After having studied this specimen, and comparing it to the Conidae living around the Andaman Islands, C. andamanensis must be consideredajuvenile, and therefore of collisus a synonym, Conus Reeve, 1849. discussed of this series 43: is C. albospira E.A. Smith, 1880, in part 2 (Basteria 98), another for collisus. name juvenile C. andrangae fig. 90 Conus andrangae Schwengel, 1955, Nautilus 69 (1): 14-15, pi. 2, figs. 8-11 in D.C. x Type. — Holotype USNM at Washington (no. 617.611), measurements 47.0 mentioned47 in coll. 33.9 mm (fig. 90). Schwengel x 32 mm. Paratypes J.S. Schwengel and coll. T.T. Dranga. Rica". Type locality. — "Bahia El Coco, Costa — resemblance of with Remarks. Schwengel (1955: 15) discussed the Conus andrangae; C. brunneus Wood, 1828, and with C. bartschi Hanna & Strong, 1949. Hanna (1963: 15) considered C. of C. brunneus "with more colored andrangae a synonym light markings than usual in brunneus”. We have studied the holotype of C. andrangae (fig. 90) and compared it with specimens of bartschi. conclusion that an- of C. brunneus and with the type specimen C. Our is C. is with C. bartschi and therefore drangae conspecific ( Hanna & Strong, ajunior synonym cords the whorls of the also stated of the latter. Both shells have no spiral on spire, as was shows these the by Tucker (1979a: 42-43). Conus brunneus clearly spiral cords on spire whorls (cf. Kerstitch, 1979). Mr. B. Our thanks are due to Dr. R.S. Houbrick (USNM) and Roth (California Academy material. of Sciences) for the loan of type Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 37 anemone figs. 56, 88, 89 Conus anemoneLamarck, 1810, Annls. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 15: 272, no. 78 — the material mentioned Lamarck in Type. From type by two specimens are present MHNG at Geneva (Mermod, 1947: 166), the measurements are 45 x 21 and 38 x 2lVimm. These shells Kiener will be were figured by (1845: pi. 46, figs. 3, 3a). A lectotype designated by A.J. Kohn (in press). = — "les la nouvelle Hollande" Holland Type locality. cotes de (the coasts of New Australia). Remarks. — Lamarck valid The Conus anemone is a species (fig. 88). variability in colour and has about The authors have studied shape, pattern produced ten names. present from number of localities the Australian and many specimens a along coastline, compared these with the opinions in literature. We recognize two subspecies: Fig. 56. Distribution of Conus anemone and C. angasi. 38 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 with raised found Conus anemone anemone Lamarck, a moderately spire (fig. 88), on the of Australia and shells from this known as coasts S. Victoria. High-spired area are forma compressus Sowerby II, 1866. Conus anemone novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1854, with a low spire, is known from NW. Australia. from of W. Australia are considered be Specimens the southwestern area usually to and often maculated C. anemone s.s.; however, the shell is shaped like novaehollandiae, maculosus maculosus (fig. 89). The name "forma Sowerby I, 1833" (non Roding, 1798) can be applied to these shells. — lives Distribution. Conus anemone s.s. at the coast of S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, and Australia. southern N.S..Wales (fig. 56). ZMA has specimens from S. In addition we have studied shells from Edithburgh and Port Macdonnell in S. Australia, Torquay and Port Fairy in Victoria (coll. Wils), and from Tasmania (coll. H. Saesen). forma from Australia C. anemone compressus is present S. (ZMA). We have studied specimens of "forma maculosus” from the south-west coast (fig. 56) at Esperance (coll. Wils), Dunsborough, and Bunker Bay (ZMA). Walls (1979: 92) figures from a specimen Rockingham. C. anemone novaehollandiae is found between North West Cape and Dampier Land (fig. 56). ZMA has specimens from Exmouth Gulf, Port Hedland, and Broome. angasi figs. 56, 91 Conus angasi Tryon, 1883, Manual Conch. (1) 6: 62-63, pi. 19, fig. 99 — No is since C. is for C. Type. type specimen available, angasi a new name metcalfei Angas, 1877 (non C. metcalfii Reeve, 1843). Type locality. — The type locality of C. metcalfei is: "Dredged at Sow and Pigs reef, Port Jackson", N.S. Wales, Australia. — it that is nomen Remarks. Although was not explicitely stated by Tryon, C. angasi a for he had the and and mentioned: novum C. metcalfei, copied type figure type locality, "Described by Angas as C. Metcalfei, a name preoccupied by Reeve". valid have studied from Conus angasi Tryon is a species. We specimens Queensland (fig. 91) and N.S. Wales (coll. Saesen). C. sydneyensis Sowerby III, 1887, also from Port is of but for metcal Jackson, a junior synonym C. angasi, not a new name C. fei as was stated by Iredale & McMichael (1962: 76). Flat known forma advertex 2 of this series spired specimens are as (Garrard), see no. (Basteria 43: 84, fig. 35, 1979). off Australia Distribution. — Known from deeper water Queensland and N.S. Wales, (fig. 56), between Fraser Island and Sydney. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 39 anglicus Conus ammiralis anglicus Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat. 13 ed., 1: 3379 he referred to in — Gmelin did have Type. As not a specimen, some figures literature, the in from which Kohn (1966: 78, pi. 1, fig. 10) designated a lectotype. It is figure Knorr (1771: pt. 5, pi. 24, fig. 2), measurements 32 x 15 mm. Type locality. — Not mentioned by Gmelin, (or by Knorr). — of ammiralis Remarks. Conus ammiralis anglicus is not a subspecies C.1 Linne; in fact, this all. The in also used anglicus is not related to species at same figure Knorr was by Gmelin this C. ammiralis Gmelin is a to represent Conus coccineus. For reason anglicus of synonym C. coccineus Gmelin, 1791. favours that "the of coccineus seems Walls (1979: 343, 947) the opinion type figure 'C. be vittatus”. If this the Panamic C. vittatus Hwass, 1792, must be to C. were correct, latter has namedC. coccineus Gmelin, 1791, since the one year priority. the Knorr with of the Panamic vittatus We have compared type figure in specimens C. and with the western Pacific C. coccineus. The figure in Knorr shows characters of the Pacific like shell the with western species, an elongate tapering at base, a red colour only white band the middle covered with brown above and smaller one in some larger dots below. Other characters those of and smooth spots are C. vittatus, like a maculated spire a has than white band shoulder; however, C. vittatus a triangular shell, often more one on the whereas the brown dots and the shell colour is body whorl, are differently situated, brown. Thus there of C. coccineus in Knorr a yellowish are reasons to consider the figure specimen of the western Pacific species. Accepting this view, leaves the name C. vittatus for the and nomenclatorial Panamic species, so no unnecessary changes are proposed. angolensis Conus angolensis Paes da Franca, 1957, Trab. Miss. Biol, marit. 13: 80-81, pi. 1, figs. 7-8, pi. 2 — de de Type. The holotype is present in Missao Biologia Maritima, Junta Investi- gates do Ultramar, Lisbon, length 29 mm. One paratype, length 17 mm. — "Baia da Type locality. Lucira, na praia" (Lucira Bay, on the beach), Angola. — material. In the which Remarks. We did not study the type description, is in author does to which she has C. Portuguese, the not mention any species compared ango- lensis. The shell has zebra-like stripes. Size, shape and pattern of the shell in C. angolensis lead to the conclusion that a of bulbus 1843 it is junior synonym Conus Reeve, (type locality Cabinda, north of the mouth of the Congo River). 40 BASTHRIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 angulatus fig. 92 Conus angulatus A. Adams, 1854, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 21: 118 — The the are x Type. type specimen is present in BMNH; measurements 40.5 22.4 mm (fig. 92). Type locality. — Not mentioned. Remarks. — We have studied the holotype. Its length must have been greater, because the base is The authors with the of slightly damaged (fig. 92). present agree opinion former authors (Tomlin, 1937: 212; Emerson & Old, 1962: 20; Hanna, 1963: 30) about of Conus C. angulatus being a junior synonym regularis Sowerby I, 1833. be the first available for Some authors consider Conus gradatus Wood, 1828, to name this species. However, the identity of C. gradatus is still questionable at the moment. annularis 2: Cucullus annularis Roding, 1798, Mus. Boltenianum 40, no. 499/24 — mentioned which be considered lost Type. Roding one specimen, must (cf. Kohn, 1975: 192). Type locality. — Not given. Remarks. — did stated: "Die Tute. Roding not supply a description. He only geringelte Gmel. 24. varius 1 St." We with Kohn that Conus annularis sp. C. agree (1975: 193-194) is of C. varius 1758. (Roding) ajunior synonym Linne, annulus Cucullus annulus Mus. Roding, 1798, Boltenianum 2: 44, no. 555/65 — mentioned which considered lost. Type. Roding one specimen, is Type locality. — Not given. Remarks. — Roding only stated: "Die Ring-Tute 1 St." (The ring Cone, 1 specimen), without Conus annulus is therefore nudum. a description or reference. (Roding) a nomen anonymus Cucullus Mus. Boltenianum 2: anonymus Roding, 1798, 48, no. 607/101 — mentioned which consideredlost. Type. Roding two specimens, are Type locality. — Not given. Remarks. — Roding only stated: "Die namenlose Tute. 2 St." (The nameless Cone, 2 Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 41 without reference. Conus is therefore a specimens), a description or anonymus (Roding) nomen nudum. anthonyi fig. 93 Africonus anthonyi Petuch, 1975,Veliger 17 (3): 263, figs. 5-6 Type. — Holotype in California Academy of Sciences, Geological Department, San 6.1 Petuch 13 6 Francisco (no. 54805). Measurements 11.2 x mm (fig. 93); gave x mm. Walls of mentioned (1979: 96) figured a "paratype" C. anthonyi ; however, noparatypes are in the original description. Cabo Verde Islands Type locality. — "Baia do Inferno, Sao Tiago Island, (15°00' N; of 24°33' W), under rocks in 1 m water". — This based which Remarks. species is on only one specimen, a juvenile shell, was studied and the materialof by us (fig. 93), compared to type Conus lugubris Reeve, 1849, London. These The of adult is somewhat in BMNH, are conspecific. length C. lugubris Further studies lead the conclusion that C. is of over 20 mm. may to lugubris a synonym considered C. reticulatus Born, 1778. For the time being Conus anthonyi (Petuch) is a of Reeve. junior synonym C. lugubris Petuch C. in which has its (1975: 262) placed anthonyi a new genus Africonus, distribution in the Mauretanian Province of W. Africa. Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843, the but C. and type species, and four more species were assigned to Africonus, lugubris C. reticulatus were not included. thanks due Roth of for the loan of Our are to Mr. B. (California Academy Sciences) the type specimen of C. anthonyi. antillarum Cucullus antillarum Roding, 1798, Mus. Boltenianum 2: 47, no. 596/92 — mentioned which be considered lost. the Type. Roding seven specimens, must From literature references Kohn has It is the (1975: 194, pi. 1, fig. 2) designated a lectotype. shell figured in Knorr (1768: pt. 3, pi. 6, fig. 5). — the Type locality. Not given by Roding, although name "antillarum" indicates a species from the Antilles. Remarks. — Tomlin identified the in (1937: 213) type figure Knorr as Conus pertusus Indo-Pacific with Kohn that C. antil- Hwass, 1792, an species. However, we agree (1975) larum a of C. from the Antilles. (Röding) is junior synonym granulatus Linné, 1758, Knorr also stated that the figured shell was the West Indian Admiral, and his description clearly indicates C. granulatus. 42 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 Summary and the Conus collection of the Museum, Amster- Based on the original descriptions, on Zoological in Conidae dam and other museum and private collections, the (sub)specific names the recent are In revised. Illustrations and distribution maps are supplied. the third part the following Conus names are discussed: C. agulhasi nov. subspecies of algoensis Sow. — Cape Agulhas. albus Sow. — albino of C. L. magus — of albus of Sol. albus Shaw homonym Sow.; a colour form C. quercinus aldrovandi Dautz. — homonym of aldrovandi Brocchi (fossil); junior synonym ofC. leopardus (Röding), lectotype designated. alexandrinus ”authors” —nomen nudum. — of C. tinianus alfredensis Bartsch junior synonym Hw., lectotype designated. algoensis Sow. — valid species, lectotype designated — S. Africa. alternans Dautz. — a form ofC. betulinus L., lectotype designated. alternatus Link — ofC. eburneus Hw. junior synonym alticonica — of mediterraneus fa. ater Pallary objective synonym C. Phil., lectotype designated. — ? South Africa. altispiratus Sow. — provisionally considered a valid species, holotype rediscovered alveolus — of C. Sow. juniorsynonym stramineus Lam. amabilis Lam. — juniorsynonym ofC. pertusus Hw. amadis — valid — of Gmel. species Bay Bengal, Rameswaram designated type locality. amazonicus Nardo — colour form of C. mediterraneus Hw. — Gulf ofVenice. C. L. ambaroides Shikama — of — probably synonym (juvenile) magus Philippines. — valid the of ambiguus Rve species, neotype designated — West Africa, coast Senegal designated type locality. amboinensis Donovan — junior synonym of C. ammiralis L., lectotype designated. americanus Gmel. — nomen dubium. amethysteus Link — nomen dubium. C. carnalis amethystinus Trovao — juniorsynonym of Sow. amigus Gregorio — a form of C. mediterraneus Hw. are ammiralis L. — valid species — Moluccas designated type locality. Two subspecies recognized: Western blainvillii Africa and C. a. ammiralis (tropical Pacific), andC. a. Vignard (East W. Thailand). — amphiurgus Dall — valid species Gulf ofMexico. anabathrum — of Gabb — Florida Crosse senior synonym C. floridanus designated type locality. anadema Tomlin — provisionally considered a valid species. — anaglypticus Crosse — first name for the granulated form ofC. mindanus Hw. Antilles. anceps A. Ads — a form ofC. consors Sow., lectotype designated. of collisus Rve. andamanensis E.A. Smith — junior synonym (juvenile) C. — bartschi & andrangae Schwengel juniorsynonym ofC. Hanna Strong. Lam. — — anemone valid species S. Australia, Victoria. angasi Tryon — valid species — Queensland, N.S. Wales. Gmel. — of Gmel. anglicus synonym C. coccineus angolensis Paes-da Franca — junior synonym ofC. bulbus Rve. A. — of is angulatus Ads. junior synonym C. regular Sow. ofC. varius L. annularis (Röding) — junior synonym annulus (Röding) — nomen nudum. — nudum. anonymus (Röding) nomen — ofC. Rve. anthonyi (Petuch) junior synonym lugubris antillarum (Röding) — juniorsynonym ofC. granulatus L. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 43 References mentioned the first ofthis Basteria 43: 1979. General works on Conidae are in part series, 11, of of the from the collection of ADAMS, A., 1854. Descriptions new species genus Conus, Hugh Cuming, Esq. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 21: 116-119. 1. BARNARD, K.H., 1958. Contributions to the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca. Part Mus. Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata: Toxoglossa. — Ann. S. Afr. 44: 73-163. African mollusks, with BARTSCH, P., 1915. Report on the Turton collection of South marine the United National Museum. additional notes on other South African shells contained in States - Bull. U. S. natn. Mus. 91: 1-305. BENTHEM JUTTING, W.S.S. VAN, 1939. A brief history of the conchological collections at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. — Bijdr. Dierk. 27: 167-246. BURNAY, L.P. & A.A. MONTEIRA, 1977. Seashells from Cape Verde Islands (1): 1-88. Lisboa. formed CATALOGUE, 1876. A catalogue of this valuable and extensive collection of shells by Mr. H.C. Roeters van Lennep (unpaged). London. — 32: CLENCH, W.J., 1953. The genus Conus in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 363-376. COOMANS, H.E., 1973. Conidae with smooth and granulatedshells. — Malacologia 14: 321-325. 1974. Life and work of Hendrik van Rijgersma a Dutch , malacological Elingsz. (1835-1877) physician and scientist onSt. Martin, Netherlands Antilles. — Bijdr. Dierk. 44: 114-214. R.G. MOOLENBEEK & E. WILS, 1979. revision of the in recent , Alphabetical (sub)species Conidae. 1. abbas to adansonii. — Basteria 43: 9-26. & 1979. revision of the in recent Conidae. 2. adansoni to , Alphabetical (sub)species , , albuquerquei. — Basteria 43: 81-105. de de la collection — CROSSE, H., 1865. Description Cones nouveauxprovenant Cuming. J. Conchyl., Paris 13: 299-315. Mollusca, — Bull. DALL, W.H., 1889. Reports on the results of dredging "Blake". Report on the 2. Harv. 18: Mus. comp. Zool. 1-492. DILLWYN, L.W., 1817. A descriptive catalogue of recent shells, arranged according to the Linnean 1: 1-580. London. method;with particular attention to the synonymy. I-XII, DODGE, H., 1953. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 2. The Class Cephalopodaand Conus of — Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 103: 1-134. the genera and Cypraea the Class Gastropoda. DONOVAN, E., 1822-1823. The Naturalist's Repository, 1 (unpaged). London. EMERSON, W.K. & W.E. OLD, 1962. Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico. 16. The recent mollusks: Gastropoda, Conidae. — Am. Mus. Novit. 2112: 1-44. 1942. Nouvelles du Conus. — Bull. Inst, Monaco 814: 1-4. FENAUX, A., especes genre oceanogr. Naturae 13 1 GMELIN, J.F., 1791. Systema per Regna Tria Naturae, ed., (6): 3021-4120. Leipzig. M. GREGORIO, DE, 1885. Altre varieta, forme e sottospecie dipendentidal C. mediterraneus (Hwas) Brug. tipo. — Bull. Soc. malac. Ital. 11: 109-118. — mollusks of Conus — Acad. Sci. HANNA, G.D., 1963. West American the genus II. Occ. Pap. Calif. 35: 1-103. HWASS, C.H., 1798. Cone, Conus. In: Lamarck, Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des trois regnes de la nature, vol. 23: pis. 315-348. IREDALE, T. & D.F. McMICHAEL, 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. — Mem. Aust. Mus. 11: 1-109. Conus — Shell 2: KERSTITCH, A., 1979. The bartschi/brunneus controversy now over. Collector 38-41. KILBURN, R.N., 1971. A revision of the littoral Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) oftheCape Province. - Ann. Natal Mus. 21 (1): 37-54. KNORR, G.W., 1757-1772. Vergniigen der Augen und des Gemuths, in Vorstellung einer allgemeinen im Meer Sammlung von Schnecken und Muscheln welche gefunden werden, 1-6. Niirnberg. LINK, D.H.F., 1807. Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlungder Universitat zu Rostock, 2: 82-100, 3: 101-160. Rostock. Tria 10 1: LINNE, C. VON, 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Naturae, ed., 1-824. Stockholm. Six — Centre MOTTA, A.J. DA, 1978. new Cone shells (Gastropoda: Conidae) from Thailand. The of 44 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 Thai Natural 2 addenda. Study: 1-8, pp. & P. LENAVAT, 1979. Cone shells ofThailand: 1-20. , Bangkok. le Golfo 1-128. NARDO, G.D., 1847. Sinonimia moderna della specie che abitano lagune e Veneto: Venezia. PAES-DA M. DE 1957. conhecimento da fauna de FRANCA, L., Contribui$ao para o malacologica Angola. Gasteropodes Testaceos. — Trab. Miss. Biol, marit. 13: 49-85. Addition la faune du Golfe de Gabes. — Paris 52: PALLARY, P., 1904. a malacologique J. Conchyl., 212-248. of the small shells with the of PETUCH, E.J., 1975. A review Mauretanian Cone description a new and — 262-263. genus a new species. Veliger 17 (3): Cone 1975a. Two new species from Senegal, West Africa. — 18 180-182. , Veliger (2): PHILIPPI, R.A., 1836. Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae: 1-268. Berolini. RODING, P.F., 1798. Museum Boltenianum, 2: I-VIII, 1-199. Hamburg. ROETERS VAN LENNEP, H.C., 1876. Catalogue alphabetique des Cones actuellement connus, faisant Mr. suite au catalogue de H. Crosse: 1-10. Twello. SCHWENGEL, J.S., 1955. New Conus from Costa Rica. — Nautilus 69: 13-15. SHAW, H.O.N., 1915. Descriptions of colour varieties of Conus quercinus, Hwass, and Cypraea 11: 210. lamarckii, Gray. — Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. Pacific SHIKAMA, T., 1977. Descriptions of new and noteworty Gastropoda from Western and Indian Oceans. — Science Rep. Yokohama natn. Univ. (II) 24: 9-23. from — zool. SMITH, E.A., 1878. On a collection of marine shells the Andaman Islands. Proc. Soc. Lond. 1878: 804-821. SOWERBY, G.B. (II), 1832-1841. The Conchological Illustrations. London (for dates of publication malac. Lond. 8: see Proc. Soc. 331-340, 1909). Characters of and of Mollusca and collected Mr. 1834. new Conchifera, , genera species by Cuming. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 17-19. 1873. offive new Cones. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873: 145-146. , (III), Descriptions TROVAO, H.F.M., 1975. para o estudo dos Molluscos Gasteropodes da familia Conidae de Angola. Novas especies de Conus Linne, 1758 de Angola (Mollusca: Gastropoda). — Bolm. Centr. Port. Activ. subaq. 4 (2): 9-17. 27 TUCKER, J.K., 1979. News of new species. — Hawaii. Shell News (1): 11-12. ~ 1979a. Conus bartschi and Conus brunneus:-Two related Eastern Pacific Coiie shells. — , closely Shell Collector 2: 42-43. VIGNARD, M., 1829. Description d'un Cone nouveau: 1-8. Paris. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 45 57. Conus loroisii fa. Fig. figulinus agrestis Mörch, paratype, India, Tranquebar, length 76.0 mm (ZMUC). See Basteria 43: 90, 1979. 58. C. L. of C. albus 48.7 Fig. magus (albino), holotype Sow., length mm (BMNH). C. Fig. 59. quercinus fa. albus Shaw, Moluccas, length 55.3 mm. of aldrovandi Fig. 60. C. leopardus (Rod.), lectotype C. millepunctatus Lam. var. Dtz., (after Hwass), length 119 mm. 61. C. betulinus fa. alternans Fig. Dtz., (after Hwass), lectotype, length 126 mm. Fig. 62. C. eburneus Hw., type figure ofC. alternatus Link, (after Martini), length 44 mm. Figs. 63-64. C. tinianus Hw., S. Africa, Port Alfred (USNM). 63. Lectotype ofC. alfredensis Bartsch, length 44.9 mm. 64. Paralectotype, length 35.3 mm. 46 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 Fig. 65. Conus mediterraneus fa. alticonica Pall., (after Philippi), lectotype, Sicily, length 41 mm. Figs. 66-67. C. algoensis algoensis Sow. 66. S. Africa, length 23.2 mm. 67. Table Bay, length 23.4 mm. Fig. 68. C. algoensis agulhasi nov. subsp., holotype, S. Africa, Cape Agulhas, length 23.4 mm. C. 37.0 Fig. 69. altispiratus Sow., holotype, ”Agulhas Bank”, length mm. Fig. 70. C. stramineus Lam., type figure ofC. alveolus Sow., (after Sowerby), length 35 mm. 71. 77.1 72. Figs. 71-72. C. amadis Gmel. India, Rameswaram, length mm. Ceylon, length 59.7 mm. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 47 Figs. 73-74. Conus Rve. 73. Type (after 36½ ambiguus figure Reeve), length mm. 74. Neotype, length Africa. 39.3 mm., West mir Figs. 75-77. C. am alis L. 75. of Lectotype C. a. var. amboinensis Don., (after Donovan), length C. 68 mm. 76. a. ammiralis, Moluccas, length 67.3 mm. 77. C. a. fa. architalassus Sol., Moluccas, length 36.0 mm. Figs. 78-79. C. ammiralis blainvillii Vign. 78. length 47.3 mm. 79. W. Thailand, Raya la Petite, length 49.4 mm (MNHN). 48 BASTERIA, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, 1980 Fig. 80. Conus amphiurgus Dall, holotype, Mexico, Yucatan, length 40.0 mm (USNM). carnalis of Figs. 81-82. C. Sow. ”Paratypes” C. amethystinus Trovão, Angola, Lucira-Benguela area. 30.6 81. Length mm (MNHN). 82. Length 33.3 mm (Natal Mus.). 83-84. C. Gabb. of anabathrum Figs. floridanus 83. Holotype C. Cr., length 28.3 mm (BMNH). 84. Florida, length 29.7 mm. C. anadema ofC. tus 42 Fig. 85. Toml. Type figure fascia Kiener, (after Kiener), length mm. Fig. 86. C. mindanus fa. anaglypticus , holotype of C. anaglypticus Crosse, length 17.3 mm (BMNH). Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils: Recent Conidae 49 87. Conus fa. Fig. consors anceps Ads., Moluccas, length 60.1 mm. C. Lam. C. Figs. 88-89. anemone 88. S. Australia, length 44.1 mm. 89. anemone”fa. maculosus Sow.”, W. Australia, Dunsborough, length 34.7 mm. bartschi & Fig. 90. C. Han. Str., holotype ofC. andrangae Schw., Costa Rica, length 47.0 mm (USNM). 91. C. 28.2 Fig. angasi Tryon, Queensland, length mm (coll. Wils). 92. C. ofC. Fig. regularis Sow., holotype angulatus Ads., length 40.5 mm (BMNH). ofC. Fig. 93. C. lugubris Rve. (juvenile), holotype anthonyi (Petuch). Cape Verde Is., length 11.2 mm (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Unless otherwise stated, specimens in ZMA.